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koLTROIVEWISil (ARON ICLE

Published Weekly by The Jewish Chronicle Publishing

Co., Inc.

Entered as Seeond•cl.s matter March I, 1916, at the Post-
°Mee at Detroit. Mich., under the All of March Il i 1979.

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bility for an Indorsement of the views expressed by the teritere

Sabbath Readings of the Torah
Pentateuchal portioil - -Ley. 6:1-8:36.
Prophetical portioil—Mal. 3:4-24; or Jer. 7:21-
8:3; 9:22, 23.
Passover Peadin ,, s of the Law.
First Day of Pelsover, Thursday, April 2.
Pentateuchal portion—Ex. 12:21.51; Num. 28:
16-25.
Prophetical portion—Jos. 3:5-7; 5:2-6:27.
Second Day of P
, Friday, April 3.
Pentateuchal portion—Lev. 22:26-23:44; Num.
28:16-25.
Prophetical portion II Kinigs 23:1 (or 4)-9;
21-25.

tt

March 27, 1931

Nisan 9, 5691

Capital Punishment.

By quoting Jewish law it is easily pos-
sible to make out a case in favor of capital
punishment. The endorsement given by
many clergymen to the movement for the
introduction in the state of Michigan of
the death penalty as punishment for crime
suggests the Shakespearean quotation:
"The devil ouoth scripture for his purpose."
Preachers for the cause of the death pen-
alty can point, for instance, to the Biblical
"lex talionis," and in support of their pro-
posal might quote: "An eye for an eye, a
tooth for a tooth." Or they might say that
the Bible makes death the wage of murder
by quoting: "He who smites a man and
kills him shall surely be put to death."
But humanitarians and the truly relig-
ious must shudder at the very thought of
the proposal. It was a source of deep dis-
appointment and of amazement to have
read editorial opinions in our newspapers,
and extracts from sermons in Christian
churches by ministers speaking the word
of God, advocating legalized murder in civ-
ilized society. Rabbis in Israel have long
ago, during the Talmudical period, modi-
fied the ancient laws of capital punishment
and have rejected the death penalty. It
. is difficult to think of a religious group, ad-
vocating the ethical teachings of which
Jewry boasts, acting and believing other-
wise. And it is even more difficult to un-
derstand how Christian preachers of loving
kindness and mercy permit themselves to
speak in support of inflicting death upon a
human being, even if he has been found
guilty of the most heinous of crimes.
There have been many interpretations of
the so-called Jewish law of retaliation,
and if there are among the advocates of
capital punishment those who refer to "lex
talionis" in support of their views, we deem
it an obligation to point out to them that as
far RR Jews are concerned the cruel death
penalty was long ago relegated to the realm
of archaeology. We need only quote the
opinion of two great rabbis of old, Rabbi
Akiba and Rabbi Tarphon, who said: "If
we had been members of the Beth Din there
would never have been a death sentence."
In the latter days of the Jewish common-
wealth capital punishment was a rare oc-
currence, and a statement is to be found in
the Mishna stigmatizing a court as "mur-
derous" because it condemned to death
more than one human being in seven years.
Rabbi Eleazer ben Azariah, colleague of
Rabbis Akiba and Tarphon, went a step
further and applied the same epithet to a
court that executed more than one person
in 70 years.
The State of Michigan for a period of
close to eighty-five years eliminated pun-
ishment by death for capital offenses, pre-
ferring to allign itself with the humane
commonwealths who strive to cure rather
than kill criminals. On numerous occa-
sions the best citizens in this state have ex-
pressed their abhorrence of a return to the
death penalty. In June, 1929, Governor
Fred W. Green chose to veto the measure.
To revert to capital punishment now would
mean that we refuse to subscribe to prin-
ciples of social justice and of treatment of
criminals as mentally diseased beings. It
would mean that we prefer revenge to jus-

70

tice.

70

The practice of capital punishment be-
longs to antiquity and to archaeology. Ev-
ery human instinct rebels against its re-
institution in a modern state. We urge the
defeat of the measure which would place it
on our statute books.

Polish Jewry's Troubles.

In well-informed Jewish quarters in
Warsaw, Poland, it is stated that more than
a million Polish Jews are without employ.
ment. This statement contradicts the offi-
cial Polish government's statistics that
there were 325,000 unemployed Jews in
Poland on January 1, 1931.
While the Jews everywhere are suffer-
ing with the rest of the world's population

W; ;IP4M

TsW.. 041:4

1 'I

'

from the present international crisis, in Po-
land, as elsewhere, their position is made
worse by the discriminations practiced
aganist Jews. Thus, the Jewish Economic
Magazine for Peoples Aid, of Warsaw,
complains that while the government is
spending 3,000,000 zlotys a year for the
relief of unemployment, the Jewish popu-
lation is not getting any benefit from this
unemployment fund. At a conference of
Jewish small traders and merchants from
all parts of Poland, held in \Versate last
week, the serious economic position of the
small Jewish merchants was described in
addresses in which it was pointed out that
in Warsaw (done the number of these mer-
chants has decreased by 2(1 per cent since
the end of 1930 and in January of this year
alone 180 Jewish stores closed down and
those still in existence are doing 50 per
cent of their normal business.
The statement recently addressed by Fe-
lix M. Warburg, chairman of the Joint Dis-
tribution Committee, to an important Po-
lish group, pleading the cause of the Polish
Jews, was therefore a timely one. In this
statement Mr. Warburg said:

We appreciate the assurances which have
come through the Polish government officials
and the intentions of the Polish government to
give fair treatment to the Jewish population,
which is naturally intensely into-rested in the
further development of Poland.

It goes without saying that, with the differ-
ent government monopolies established in Po-
land, the world-wide tendency to drive out the
middleman has affected the Jewish population
unfavorably and, if we may suggest, some of
Us hope that in these government monopolies,
the Jews may receive a (air share of the em-
ployment, so that they may be enabled to put
their good qualities at the disposal of the gov-
ernment to the advantage of the country which
is theirs. They love it as their country and
they surely desire to give it every patriotic
support. We would not ask any special favors
for the Jewish population, but merely equal
opportunities. It is naturally our hope that
the "special laws," harking back to the Russian
Czarist times, may soon be abolished, as
advised, as I understand, by the Polish lower
house.

The uncertainty of the economic position
of the Jews throughout the world demands
that the economic question be placed on
the agenda of international Jewish activ-
ity. The threatened complete elimination
of the middle class from the economic sys-
tem, the overcrowding of the professions,
the prejudice which the Jew is compelled
to fight,—these demand that the economic
question be placed first among all the prob-
lems affecting Jewry,

"No Lowering of Standards."

There is reason for the Detroit Jewish
community to feel proud of its Welfare
Federation. It is doubtful whether another
community has included in its budget such
a diversity of causes, representative of the
worthiest Jewish appeals, as is the case
with the appeal to be made by the Feder-
ation to Detroit Jewry in May.
Like the Allied Jewish Campaign of
1930, the coming drive promises to be a
very colorful event. Aside from the fact
that it is to ask for funds for relief, both
here and overseas, it includes in its sched-
ule educational and recreational items, the
work for the realization of the romantic ef-
forts in Palestine, and a score of other
causes.
The Detroit Federation is making an ex-
cellent job of its effort to unify the com-
munity. It is an tin-equalled and unex-
celled example to the rest of the country
to make, in the words of Mr. Henry Wine-
man, president of the Federation, "a uni-
tary whole" of American Jewry. In this
effort the Federation is helped by the fact
that during the past year, in spite of the
depression, every one of its constituent
agencies was in position to report that there
has not been a lowering in the standards of

service which have distinguished them in
the past. With service as its watch-word,
the Federation cannot fail in the renting
campaign.

Communist Fight on Passover.

The Communists never lose time in pick-
ing a fight and in attacking religion and
religious practices. Thus, fully a month
before Passover they already instituted a
battle against the Jewish Festival of Free-
dom.
But Jews who are determined to honor
their traditions and festivals are evidently
undeterred by these annual tactics of the
Communists, as evidenced by the cable of
the Jewish Telegraphic Agency which
states that "in the meantime the Jews of
Moscow are busy making matzoth from
flour saved throughout the winter. Baker-
ies are charging 40 rubles for baking one
pood of matzoth. Officially licensed bak-
eries are working in (lay and night shifts
to meet the demand for matzoth. Purim
too was celebrated here with specially ar-
ranged concerts and functions that crowd-
ed halls to capacity."
The repeated anti-religious attacks of
the Communists are beginning to approach
the ridiculous, and the parts played by the
Jewish Communists are stamping them
among the leaders in the ranks of Russia's
bigots.

Mg :ZSI

".- ' ' ' "

!Ut72431-

t:-S^ Zf):11_:ZiZiettlIMV.4011W.Mtint

ess - vitttbitssni:rr' tsst.ttt

BY•THE•WAY

t

Tidbits and News of Jew-
ish Personalities,

By DAVID SCHWARTZ

THE CASE OF HAYM SALOMON
How Ilaym Salomon must be
turning in his grave! For the one
thing on which even Mr. Kohler
agrees Ivan that Ilaym Salmon
was a quiet and benevolent minded
man. I had an idea if those spirit
telephones could be perfected, and
ic e could get the spirit of Hayti'
Solomon on the telephone, he
would say, "What's all this noise
about? Be quiet—did 1 ever blow
my own horn in my life? Monu-
ment--no monument, what cote I,
be quiet!"

THE ATTACK BY KOHLER
Max Kohler is a very estimable
man. He is a soon of the late
Kaufman Kohler, one of the great-
est Jewish scholars that ever lived
in America. I happened to Ike in
the same city as 1/r. Kohler for
some short period--the city of
Cincinnati—and I know what re-
spect was entertained for him,
even by those who, differed with
his "weltanschaung." The univer-
sity boys would tell of visiting Dr.
Kohler, then, I believe, in his
seventies, and find the venerable
savant bent over some Hebrew
work or some Greek classic- -read-
ing both the Hebrew and Cie Greek
in the original. And Max Kohler
has carried on in the same fine
spirit of scholarship and devotion
to Jewish interest. And so what
Kohler says about Ilaym Salomon
is worth listening to.

TAKES MIDDLE GROUND
Of course, the attack is not
altogether new. Worthington C.
Ford some two yearn ago, made
the same charge, except that he
was far more extreme than Mr.
Kohler. Mr. Kohler, indeed, in his
statement on Salomon, iqx-nds
some time showing how flimsy and
inadequate W. C. F'ord's investi-
gation was. In other words, Koh-
ler holds a sort of middle ground
between the detractors and the ex-
treme halleluyah shouters.

SALOMON'S GENEROSITY
I said something about the quiet-
ness of Salomon himself in a pre-
vious paragraph. And to me this
silence is very eloquent. Mr. Koh-
ler in his pamphlet declares that
it is true that Salomon helped out
financially, refusing any compen-
sation, such men as James Madi-
son, "father of the Constitution,"
Edmund Randolph, Washington's
attorney-general, and at least a
half dozen other of the notable
figures of the revolutionary period.
In truth, the list could be extend-
ed much further, Mr. Kohler
agrees, and Mr. Kohler thinks this
was very noble of Solomon.

DIDN'T TOOT HIS HORN
Now, what I as getting at is
this. Here was a man who had
been in the country only a half
dozen years or so—and yet seem-
ingly on familiar terms with all
these men of prominence, and yet
search his private letters and we
hear not one word of boast—not
the remotest attempt to toot his
'awn horn,
Imagine any man of today in
such associations. To say the
least, he would get somebody to
write a book under his name. But
here Salomon says nothing at all
about it. Ile continues to put on
his "talith" and "doyen" at his
schule, while Robert Morris con-
tinues to consult with him.

UNDERNEATH THE LEGEND
By the way, Henry S. Morals in
his "History of Philadelphia
Jewry" told the story how a mes-
senger from the office of Morris
came to Salomon while he was in
"schule" at the Yom Kippur serv-
ices, and said money was needed
at once. Salomon approached
some of the other members of the
congregation, but they said "noth-
ing can be done--it's Yam Kippur,
isn't it—how can we handle
money?"
And Salomon, who is as Ortho-
dox as the rest, says, "Yes, but the
government has got to have it."

THE TRUTH OF MYTHS
Now that story sounds very le-
gendary, and may very well never
have happened, but nevertheless I
do not believe you can dismiss a
legend as easily as all that. Scratch
a legend and you will find some
truth under it. Let me give an
illustration of what I mean.
There are a thousand stories at-
to ;touted to Lincoln which, it may
be taken for granted, Lincoln
never said. Certainly, it cannot
be possible that he joke) all of his
life away. a the numerous stories
attributed to him would indicate.
And yet these stories were born of
the spirit of Lincoln—they are
I.incolnesque — they typify the
man. And when such a legend
was woven around Salomon—the
course of his life must have sug-
gested it. This Salomon legend.
though possibly untrue, probably
depicts the man better than any
amount of historical research.

ADMITS SALOMON'S IMPRIS-
ONMENT
Mr. Kohler in his p imphlet
says he accepts the story of Salo-
mon's imprisonment by the British
in the Provost. Well, I believe
that was in 1778.
Now consider this: John Adams
estimated that about one-third of
the people, and that the better
class, were loyal to England even
after the Declaration of Indepen-
dence. And yet here was Salo-
mon, an immigrant. only several
years in the country, already in
prison—so ardently did he espouse
the cause of the Revolution!

SALOMON IN THE DIARY OF
MORRIS
And take the diary of Robert
Morris. the financial genius of the
Revolution. When that diary men-
tions Salomon on almost every
other page—what are you going to
say about it? Of course, Morris
doesn't tell much—it's the laconic

(Turn to

Next Page)

'111 p4a.112 T i"k11g

o

41.

Y

OU and I become annoyed when We receive an
invitation to attend a meeting in New York to
consider further means for relief stork in Europe.
Some of us actual))' resent it. We've done enough,
or at any rate we have troubles enough of our own,
without bothering about others thousands of miles
away. But after all I wonder what would happen
if there wasn't a group of men like James Rosen-
het g and Felix Warburg, and Rabbi Jonah Wise
and Paul Baerwalol and others of similar type to
keep on thinking, and thinking and thinking of the
serious difficulties of our brethren in Europe? Did
you ever stoop to imagine how you would feel if
motile great catastrophe were 11)
occur to the Jews
in this country, when some of your relatives and
friends would be killed, and every dollar you ever
had would be swept away; and you would have to
depend upon some Ime, let us say, in England or
France, to THINK ABOUT YOU and YOUR
TROUBLES. What a blessing that would be!
Sometimes I think that we fail to consider in our
thoughtless lives of just what messengers of mercy
these men ate. And with what yearning, with what
hope thousands and tens of thousands in Europe
look toward the New World for some ray of light
to penetrate the darkness of their despair. My
hat is It to the Warburgs and to the Rosenbergs
and to all the others of that great-souled body of
workers for suffering humility.

I RECEIVED a postal carol addressed to "Sir
Charles" Joseph, and it was from Constantinople,
sent by Lewis Browne, who, with Mrs. Browne, is
honeymooning in the Near East, expecting to spent]
some time in Palestine. Lewis Browne, with his
marvelous penmanship, can write a letter on one
side of a card. Ile tells me that the most interest-
ing halt was in the town of Palma, on the island of
:Majorca. He says he found there a snail' ghetto of
Catholics with marked Jewish features. :Must of
them are goldsmiths. They were baptised in 1431
and have been gaud Catholics ever since. They
have always been slightly discriminated against by
their "Old Catholic" neighbors and forced to marry
among themselves. They are still called "Chuetos,"
which he says means "pork-eaters." And Lewis
closes with this sly dig, "Now tell me that the Jews
ore a religious unit and not a social group!" Now
if you think that all this is easy to write on
one side of an ordinary size postal card in addition
to equally as much more about personal matters,
sit down and try it.

I

HAVE been asked to be one of the judges in a
debate between teams front the alumni of two
leading Temples on the subject, "Resolved, That a
Jewish university shall be established in the United
States." No sooner had I accepted than a day later
I was asked to give my views on the subject for the
benefit of another team of "Y" boys who are to
debate on the same subject. Still later I received
a request from another group in the central part
of Pennsylvania for arguments on the negative side.
What I want to show is the increasing interest in
this subject from one end of the country to the
other, especially on the part of the young people.

HEYWOOD BROUN and George Britt, in a vol-
ume just issued by the Vanguard Press, have
collected all sorts and conditions of anti-Jewish
discrimination in the United States and lumped
them together under the title, "Christians Only."
Broun tries to show that in trying to get a job the
chances against a Jew are 10 to 1. Pretty big odds,
1 say. Maybe a book like this will stir some of our
self-satisfied co-religionists to action. Of course
considerable of the volume is devoted to other
forms of discrimination in the professions, at col-
lege, in the country clubs, hotels and the like. To
my mind the most serious of all is in denying a fair
economic opportunity to our young people.

I WAS not surprised to see that Dr. John Haynes
Holmes and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise were the two
clergymen to take the lead in the movement to
clean house in New York. If you were asked to
name the two likeliest candidates for the job these
two would naturally occur to any one who is in
touch with the situation. Dr. Fosdick might be
another. But the average Fundamentalist is con-
cerned with idle discussions involving creeds, while
his liberal brother is busy trying to put religion
into daily living. Rabbi Wise was 57 years old on
March 17, St. Patrick's Day, and as a birthday
present to the city of New York he mailed charges
to the governor of the state asking the removal of
the mayor because of inefficient administration.

T HE Jewishness of Charlie Chaplin has again be-

come an issue. The Ilitlerites tried to discour-
age the warmth of his reception by the press of

Germany because they said he was a Jew. Einstein
is reported to have said on his return to Europe
that Chaplin was "half-Jew," that one of his
grandparents was a Jew. This makes him just about
the same kind of a Jew as Ralph Pulitzer, the son
of the late Joseph Pulitzer, who in turn was the son
of a mixed marriage. Chaplin's Jewishness is not
visible to the naked eye and Mr. Hitler shouldn't
have become so aroused over it.
---

I DON'T know why Dr. Judah Magnes, chancellor
of the Hebrew University in Palestine, visited
this country. But I notice that he is investing his
time wisely. The other (lay I read that Dr. Julius
Fohs, chairman of the American Committee on
Science end Technology, tendered to Dr. Magnes a
department of agriculture at the Hebrew University
to co-ordinate the work of other scientific depart-
ments in a nractical study of the agricultural KA-
!, - . 0 of the Sear East. By a study of the soil con-
ditions in many parts of Palestine. Dr. Fops de-
clared the fertile land could be increased to three
and one-half times its present area. Magnes
states that the country is so small and so compara-
tively poor that every inch of it must be known and
understood in order to provide room for an in-
creasing population. I like to hear a leader give
the worst side of a situation. Instead of glossing
over problems Dr. Magnes recognizes them and
seeks the means to successfully solve them. Zion-
ists might follow his example with profit to their
movement.

A

WRITER in the New York World-Telegram
says that when Ben Hecht heard that his book
"A Jew in Love" had been withdrawn from sale by
a Detroit bookstore because of protests front Jew-
ish patrons. he remarked. "I guess the race will
survive." I haven't real this book of Ilecht's, but
from what I hear it might have remained unwritten
without disappointment to the reading-world.
There is always a debate whenever books are with-
drawn from sale because of protests from certain
groups of book-store patrons. Whether it should or
should not be done is a widely discussed question.
The Catholics have done it, the Jews have done it,
the Christian Scientists have done it, and other
Protestant groups have done it.
—• ■ •• ■ •••—

I

RECEIVE inquiries from readers occasionally on
how to market their stories.
Now I don't want
to discourage writers, but they may be interested
in a statement made the other day by William

Chenery, editor of Collier's, that he accepts only
eight or ten stories out of FIFTY THOUSAND re-
ceived annually. But he has every manuscript
read, so at least you have that much satisfaction
if you send your story to "Collier's. But he says
thnt writing serials is the most profitable of all
forms of magazine stories. Some make from
8150.000 to $750,000 a year! And if you are a
gemt serial writer—a born one, so to speak—you
will never have any trouble in marketing your
wares. Now go to work.

rc
A gIMXgr.ZF."ae : :.;..Z;

THE TRUE CULPRIT

ik
Charles ffe Joseph

•

By JACQUES KAYSER

Editor's Sale.—A quarter of a cent.),

alter the F'reneh roosts completelY vim

dieated Captain Alfred Dresfoo. • play

based on the +e•otional

1.0oe

that had

world-wide sever., ions, ha. generated

C!IVI1 I • that

the motile of Dark

found it adoi.ble to recommend its with-

Almost ,inioltatiroosly

ha,tr.

ten a

J11e1,11t,

tophew of Drm.ii, ha+ writ-

u t

on the case which io

to he 1..61i-heti at the end of !hi , month
by Covichl'riede.
ehreeeh the courteoy

of the icililishers of "The Drt• re: Atfair"

the .1 , ,tish l'elegrophie Auency aml The

Detroit Jewish Chronicle •re
,,all
to
'1,... , 0,1( an adiance eseerpt td a chopter
front W. oork. The exeerpt uive+ the
details of the of ' , tench tollititry
• rereis 1 y Como h:+terhaso to Colnnel
Schwartikimpeth German military at-
tad, in Your,
lin. w, the transaction
fa whieh Dreyfo+ near), so serest
r.
, h im 611111 mar ,misused to Dt-sil's Islam).

11'hen the German military at-
tache in l'aris,
voll. Schwartz-
koppen, (opened the 11atin and saw
the facsimile of the liordereau he
was startled. Ile knew that writ-
ing very well indeed. Oh! there
was no need for him to verify it
or to obtain an expert opinion. It
was the usual and natural hand.
writing of one of his agents, a
F'l ench officer, Major Esterhazy!

No! Dreyfus was not guilty. He

Dreyfus Play to Be Shown
Again in Paris Next Week

PARIS. — J. T. .1.1 — The
performance of the play based
on the famous Dreyfus case
which was discontinued here on
Much 8 after nightly incidents
of a marked anti-Semitic
character during a three weeks'
run, will be resumed next week,
it became known here.
Upon the insistence of
Jacques Itichepin, author of the
French version of the play, toe
management appealed to the
authorities that order be en-
forced during the performances.
The decision to resume the play
is causing anxiety over possible
new clashes.

had done right in causing his am
bassador to reiterate that Prey
fus had never had any relations
with him, direct or indirect.
Dreyfus was innocent! II
would proclaim it everywhere, h
would be the man to make it pus
sible for a frightful miscarriage of
justice to be rectified.
But how? Would he he be
lieved? If he spoke he would b
forced to prove his words, and i
he attempted to prove them h
would have to denounce one of hi,
agents. That he had not the righ
to do. He owed a duty to his po-
sition. After a rapid debate with
his conscience he decided to keep
silent. If remorse tormented him
for allowing an innocent man to
continue to suffer, he would, on
the other hand, have the satisfac-
tion of having performed his duty
as an officer. lie returned to his
examination of the Bordereau.
He had never had any knowledge
of it, but the documents enumer-
ated in it had been delivered to
him.
An Insistent Entreaty.
Little by little he recalled the
phases of his negotiations with
this Frenchman, this (officer, who,
a stranger to him, had called on
him one afternoon in July, 1894,
under the pretext of asking for a
passport to go to Alsace-Lorraine,
Ile was a man of medium
height. His expression was bold,
he had prominent features, a
heavy, untrimmed moustache and
a bilious complexion; he was en-
veloped in a voluminous black
(overcoat relieved only by the
broad red ribbon of the I.egion
of Honor. He remembered, as
though it had been yesterday, his
visitor's hesitating manner, his sus-
picious glances and the abomin-
able proposition he had laid before
him. Ile had wanted to turn him
out, but the other had insisted and
entreated:
"I am ruined—my wife is ill
—my children are in want—I shall
kill myself—listen to me—I pos-
sess documents concerning the
state of the French army—they
might be useful to you—I will let
you have them-1 will let you have
the others." And he had (offered
him papers relating to the defense
of Algiers and of the Alps; he
boasted of his intimacy with depu-
ties, with the director of the in-

telligener department at the iiit-
istry of war.
Suspected a trap.
At first Schwaitzkoppen had not
wished to lioten, he had suspected
a trap. 'then he had felt an in. e
t e n se disgust. To sell his noun-
try! What a shameful tiling! If
it had b e en a !oriente soldier it
would have been bad enough! But
an (officer!

I

7

Nevertheless, the °diver in civil-
ian dress hut' persisted. It was in-
deed 11 desperate effort of a hard

4;.

pressed loan.

Schwartzkoppen

ol
finally
weakened. After all, it was the
Frenchman who would be the
trailer.
"I will call again in a few days,"
the man had said.
The German had remained
silent; he had not wished to for-
bid him to return, but neither had
he wished to encourage him to
do sea,
How deeply he now regretted
his lack of energy. Information
which he had received through this
channel might have been (obtained
through one of his other inform-
ers. Ile ought to have broken with
him. He had mot thine so, and he
looked through his files to see how'
it had come about that his visitor
had become his regular agent.
The very (lay after that first
interview he had received a note:
"I am shortly going on a journey
about which • I spoke to you" (this
tin ant the maneuvers), and prom-
ising documents concerning Rus-
sia.

h a

-. 4

t

Esterhavy's Activities.
But Schwartzkoppen had not

wished to act on his own initia-
tive. How right he had been to
protect himself, to ask Berlin for
instructions! As he had been or-
dered to continue the conversa-
tions he was free from responsi-
bility.
Schwartzkoppen looked through
his records. It Was on July 27
that the French officer had given
his name as "Count Walsin Es-
terhazy, major in the 74th infan-
try regiment at Rouen, descen-
dant of the great family of Ester-
hazy whose sovereign lord is the
Emperor." On the sante day he
handed over his regiment's Jour-
nal de Mobilization and asked tar
a monthly salary of 2,0115 francs.
On the same day Schwartz-
koppen had again made a feeble
attempt to get rid of his visitor.
The disgust with which he filled
hint led him to suggest that Ester-
hazy should deal directly with his
colleagues in Berlin, but the trai-
tor had refused to do so.
Upon this, he had started for Ger-
many—thus ridding himself of all
responsibility. Ile had personally
informed his chief of the situation.
Instructions had been given him
not to let this source of informa-
tion escape, but to act with cau-
tion.
Esterhazy had been persistent.
On his return to Paris. Schwartz-
koppen at received a note in-
formisg him that he had been
transferred:
"Until Aug. 10, on the staff of
the Third Artillery Brigade, Cha-
lons ramp."
The Day of Betrayal.
And on Aug. 13 Esterhazy had
returned. There was another
visit on Aug. 15. That was the
(lay of the betrayal. Schwartz-
koppen had received the mobiliza-
tion plans of the French artillery
and had paid out a thousand
francs.
After some time, on Sept. 1, the
agent reappeared:
"I have Mot returned from the mon-

r71
,

oeuvres of the ma+sed artillery •t
Slo-
oonne." he had ,.id. "In few days I
shall give yooin writing the observa-
tions 1 made there. Hot here are three
important paper., the hots of enverinu
troops. • dewriptinn of the short-120
attn. the propned new field •rtillery
adlolt, which I hove copied for yoli.
I have .I,,,to tell you hit it has been
decided to xend •n expedition to Math,
gosc•r. I thin), I may he aide to draw
up it report on that question"

Yes, here it was! Schwartz-
koppen turned again to the text of
the Bordereau: Note on the cov-
ering troops, note on the 120 gun,
gunnery handbook!
"These are the documents," he
told himself, "which I have re-

(Turn to Next Page.)

IN THE PUBLIC EYE

Dr.

Much progress in cancer

research has recently been reported by
the Vienna Cancer Hospital. and several of his
Jewish associates. The hospital was established with funds given by
on American philanthropist, I. Childs, in gratitude to Dr. Edelman, who
had cured him of a severe illness.
•
•
Prof. 11. Volfson of Moscow, for the past 10 years one of the
directors of the Gosisdat, the government publishing house, has been
honored on his fiftieth birthday with the government title of "Zasluz-
heni Deyatel Nauki," Which,
freely translated, means a pioneer in the
world of learning.

M. Edelman, director of

4

•
•
•
Two Richmond. Va., Jews are included in the membership of the
commission which has been appointed by Governor ,loin G. Pollard of
Virginia to plan a memorial program in honer of
President James
Monroe, author of the famous Monroe Doctrine, to be held next July 4,
the ore hundredth anniversary of his death. They are Dr. Leo S. Rowe,
director of the Pan-American Union of Washington, and Representa-
tive Sol Bloom of New York. The memorial exercises will be held at
Ashlawn, the Monroe home in Albemarle county.
•
e
•
Dr. Isaac
Goldberg of Cambridge, Mass., well-known author and
rink, will be lecturer on likpano-American literature at Harvard Uni-
versity during the second half of the collegiate year 1931-1932 Dr.
Goldberg, who has received his B. A. and Ph. D. at Harvard, is one of
the leading American authorities on modern literature of Spanish and
Portuguese America.
•
•
•
Ravenna, well-known Jewish lawyer of Rome, was appointed
by Felix
the
Italian government royal commissioner cf the newly created
union of Italian Jewish communitie s
with instruc'ions to call a con-
gress of all Jewish communities some time in 19:i2. The appointment
and instructions are in line with the recently pro
- u!•rated Jewish com-
munities law which regulated and defined the rights of the Jewish com-
munities and united them in a union of national structure.
•
•
•
Robert Stricker, Austrian Zionist leader, has resigned from the
Zionist Actions Committee because of his resignation from the Radical
Zionists, the Zionist Executive in London announced.

Pio Tagliacozzo, Jewish attorney of Rome, received word of his
appointment as
a government commissioner for the Rome Jewish com-
munity under the new Jewish communities law. He replaced Angelo
Sereni, who was president of the
Rome community for 40 years.

'''

I- e

A

t
k
ioo
no i ight to di-t ■ iiscr ■ ourself
I lanhot
■■■■ ir treontplivy or
permit you to fail
■ oor dqt . Let the matter rest thy,.
1 not ,no, who are. I
'41.11 fol..

.......

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10''ff

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