E bgrEOrr, /DMA i1RITVICiE 42#04.-TanY1=52 1 ri:V V Ast rsit`3 14.4 060. 0'60'60'68' . 6Y666 • wo. 'Ors' • NCO YCAVEb'60'66'60'• 'tf PIEVETROITJEWIStI (ARON ICLE oept, the creation of exclusively Jewish clubs, patterned af- ter the exclusiveness of the non-Jew, and the Jewish' Publish.' WsAly ay TO Jew Is Ch.... Publishing Co, case was permitted to rest there. lasc _President We cannot help but feel that such imitativeness does JOSEPH J CUMMINS &ad Treasurer JACOB H SCHAKNE us litle honor in the long run. When Jews are exclud- GIAS. I+. c.i0SEPH-•=-- Masagies Editor PHILIP SLOMOVITZ News Letter From Moscow ed from golf and country clubs they are rebuffed and _Advertising Manger MAURICE M. SAFIR I like to read well-written letters. Unufortunately, snubbed as Jews. When Jews respond by mimicking Tossed as Soond-class molter bl•rch 11. 19111. a• the Postorlice at Detroit. the opportunity does not present itself very often. But By B. SMOLAR Mich.. under the At of Moth S, la79. and copying the institutions from which they are ex- the following letter is an excellent one, because the sub- cluded, and even counterfeiting and simulating the ject matter is so well considered. The fact that the General Offices and Publication Building other official and unofficial Soviet In former times they used to -an very architecture of the clubs that refuse to receive writer does not agree with me merely adds interest to cf 525 Woodward Avenue papers speak in a similar vein No n Russia: "Scratch a Russian and Cable Address: Chronicle them, their response is far from being Jewish, and their his communication. A short time ago I had occasion to you Telephone: Caddlae 1040 Ce will find a Tartar." Today one denies the presence of . the London Offic•i his saying can be paraphrased danger. imitations :an never counteract the prejudices prac- take issue with the editor of the Standard Dictionary on 14 Stratford Place, London, W. 1, England. thus: "Scratch a Russian and you the slang definition of "Jew" which appears in that It Is the Jew Who Suffers. ticed. $3.00 Per Year will find an anti-Semite." Subscription, in Advance book. I did not suggest that there was a personal bias Even some of the higher gov- To fill the needs of which the excluded and discrim- cY That anti-Semitism is prevalent involved because that would be foolish, in view of the ernment officials are falling under To Douro publicaDon, all corropoodeno and nos matter mot reach this inated Jews are deprived is one thing ; to offset the Ogre by Tuesday evening of each week. Who mailing notices. in Russia today is well known and fact that Funk & Wagnalls have always been most the influence of anti-Semitism. kindly u•• one side of the paper on', prejudice against the Jew is another thing. Jews who openly admitted by everyone in the friendly to the Jewish people, and as my correspondent It hen, some time ago, the Pravda TO Detroit eni411 Chronicle Write. coon..dense . on subjects of intere4t to l The anti- desire to play golf, or to participate in any other sport Soviet government. suggests, they issued the Jewish Encyclopedia. It for an indoromot of th• •Iews revealed the facts of an outrageous the Jewish pe ople, but disclaims roponsiblisty Semitic virus has spread not only oprood by the writers. from which they are excluded by non-Jewish society, wasn't because of prejudice but because I felt it was incident in a Leningrad factory have a perfect right as individuals to build for them- unfair and'quite unnecessary to mention that a Jew was among the masses in general but where Jewish workers were being Sabbath Readings of the Torah has invaded even the Communist a grasping money lender or words to that effect. It is Pentateuchal portions-Num. 1 :1-4 :20. selves luxurious clubs in proportion to their wealth ; tortured and persecuted no one ranks. Not a day passes but the Prophetical portions-I Sam. 20:18-42. supposed by some ignorant folk that all Jews are rich took the trouble to do anything they even have the right to make their own clubs as Pentateuchal reading on Sunday, May 20-Num. 28:1-15. leading Soviet papers, as the Jew" also a and if Dr. Vizetelly is right, then "as rich as about it, and the persecution con- exclusive as possible and to keep from membership in Feast of Weeks, First Dar, Friday, May 25. . Pravda and others, publish articles, should be mentioned along with other slang. With these tinued. The same situation pre- Pentateuchal portions-Ex. 19:1-20:23; Num. 28:26-31. them fellow Jews who are to them "undesirable," comments or news items about of Boston, H. J. C., few words I append the letter from nails in many government bureaus. Prophetical portions-Ezek. 1:1-28; 3.12. whether for reasons of lack of wealth or station in life. anti-Semitic incidents in one city Feast of Weeks, Second Day, Saturday, May 26. Thus, a drive for economy in gov- or another, in one ,institution or But when Jews are attacked as Jews, their counter- Mass. Prophetical portions-Deut. 14:22-16:17. ernment expense has been insti- another, in one school or another. Prophetical portions-Nab. 3:1.19. attack should be made with Jewish weapons. To be noticed: tuted, involving the discharge of Dear Mr. Joseph: be But one thing should able to show a clubroom as beautiful as the one from lyar 28, 5688 in Russia today they do not seek many officials. And naturally it May 18, 1928 There are some people, I suppose, who rush into to hide the fact of anti-Semitism which we are evicted does not justify our existence is the Jews who suffer most in this public print every time they take issue with or but rather to bring it out into the move. Even in cases where they as Jc ws; it does not offer reasons for Jewish survival ; even agree with an editor. I don't want to be open and combat and exterminate "A Regular Fellows' Club." 01 are not discharged, they are sub- placed in that category for really this is my "first it through propaganda. it does not present a Jewish argument for the existence Jcett, to all sorts of humiliations Among the classics to reach the editor's desk this The anti-Semitism in Russia to- attempt," but I have always had a special interest and persecutions from their non• of the Jew as a Jew among non-Jews, and his retention week was a club notice of four paragraphs, the second day is not the sonic that existed in Jewish fellow officials. The pres- in dictionaries; in fact, they have interested me of Jewish traditions and Jewish practices without being the days of the Czar. It is a to- ence of even one Jew in a bureau of which read : ox as fiction interests other people. For this reason discriminated for them. Only when Jews accept dis- tally new brand, a Soviet product, is sufficient to arouse hatred and I feel constrained to take part in your controversy resulting from the present eco- bitterness. tis The constitution was revised from the previous "Young crimination as individuals can they respond by erect- nomic situation in the land, the with the editor-in-chief of the Standard Diction- The situation in the scaools is Judea Club" which was an unprogressive chapter of the ing competitive strictures; when they are attacked as present administration form and ary. not much different, even though Judea Society hence the members were'nt well enough CO conditions in general. Even the Jews they are compelled to unfurl the banner of their The first requisite of a dictionary, no doubt, is there is no economic foundation interested is Judeism to continue, therefore rejected the cc leaders of the Soviet regime admit for it there. Anti-Semitism is to club; and now it's a regular fellows' club with modern accuracy. A dictionary that did not give every culture and their racial and religious traditions, because this. be found among the pupils as well ideas. meaning of a word would be inaccurate. Much as it is these that are challenged when Jews are shown A More Dangerous Brand. or as among the teachers. The acute- we may deplore the existence of a slang meaning cx otr ness of the condition was revealed The present brand of Russian This verbatim quotation, with its misspelled words, prejudice by anti-Semitic groups. to the word "Jew," unfounded as that slang recently when an investigation anti-semitism is essentially of a When we accept the challenge of discriminating so- poor grammar and childish construction has a moral showed that a Jewish pupil had more dangerous and serious nature meaning may be, the regrettable fact remains ciety as Jews, therefore, we are compelled to resort to been tortured by his non-Jewish than in former times because it is to it. Here is a group of boys who must have been that such a slang meaning does exist, and we can- cf fellow pupils in a Charkoff school a more conscious one. It is n Like other Young Judaea only one weapon: that of interpreting to the world our not controvert that fact merely by Is id shouting. members of Young Judaea. until his health was completely longer like the attitude of the An astronomer would not be giving up a true map of. they must have had an adult leader who made own social and ethical standards and to lay claim to so- Jewish a broken. In Ostashkoff groups, peasant whose hatred of the Jew of the heavens if he left out Mars because pacifists dal equality on the strength of the justice of these stan- student was lured to an island by had no ground and no reason, a attempts to direct their activities along Jewish lines. didn't like the sound of the name. A lexicogra- several Christian students and hatred that was artificially pro- dards even though we may be compelled socially to pher is as much a scientist as an astronomer and But "the members were'nt well enough interested in "punished" for the crucifixion of duced and developed through the cC a lexicographer would not be scientifically accu- mingle clannishly and apart from the non-Jewish corn- Jesus. Ile was found later uncon- machinations of the Czar's officials. Judeism to continue." So they reorganized "a regular rate if he did not give us every meaning of a scious and cruelly beaten up. The Today the Russian hates the Jew munity. If we are attacked as Jews, and choose to re- c+, word. Of course, it is possible for a lexicographer fellows' vlub with modern ideas." attitude of the teachers at the because he thinks that the Jew is to allow his personal bias to enter into his work as main as Jews following these attacks, we cannot 01 We don't blame the boys. After all, we must admit school on this matter was so out- to blame for all his troubles: he Johnson did with his famous definition of "oats." simply move into our own clubrooms, without also seek- hates the Jew when there is a rageous that the Pravda could not that these particular "regular fellows" are not the only But the slang meaning of the word "Jew" has had cs, shortage of butter in the city; he suppress a vigorous protest. ing a haven for the spirit that is attacked. Architectur- and still has, unfortunately enough currency, so ones to subscribe to what they term "modern ideas." ors hates him when he cannot find The recent incidents in the that in my judgment at least, the suggestion of cY. al imitations create nothing for us; they only satisfy represent, we feel certain, a majority is practi- work; he hates him because he and great Moscow Theater brought to They personal bias may be excluded. Moreover, I believe his whole family have to share one us physically, at a time when we are attacked socially, life by the activities of Golovanov, cally every American Jewish community. Having I am correct in assuming that the editor of the small room together with Jews due the director, gives an idea of what Standard Dictionary is Frank II. Vizetelly, and ethically and morally. either failed to receive any Jewish training whatsoever, to the housing shortage in Mos- is taking place among the so-called front what little I know of him, I think he can Social discrimination, more so even than physical cow. The Jew is to blame for or having been given a taste of the wrong sort of learn- artistic intelligentsia in Russia to. very well be exonerated of the charge of personal day, everything, despite the fact that Golovanov persecuted the bias. My recollection is that you said something ing which they accepted to be the "Judeigm" which is oppression, throws the Jew back unto himself. Back he suffers as much, and in some best violin player in his orchestra of the impossibility of convincing some people. among his own, the only self-honoring method of living ci ci to them "unprogressive," they now form an ignorant respects more than the Russian. so cruelly that the latter could Don't you think, Mr. Joseph, that when you say is by constantly improving the conditions under which "You Jews are to blame for find no escape except in suicide. Cf. this you take an unfair advantage of your position mass in our midst. on o n This man has been brazen enough everything," was the obscrva'i as an editor? Your opponent may very well feel This prevalence of ignorance changes the entire he lives and practicing the noblest sentiments in Israel. 01' a position to I heard one day in a restaurant in even after the suicide of the Jew- e in the same about you, yet he is not scope of what we call the Jewish problem. Not so long If the discriminated New York, Milwaukee and other a conversation between two Rus- ish musician to declare openly that publicly say so. sian laborers and a Jew. The con- "we will gel rid of the Jews in ago, reference to a "Jewish problem" meant that there Jewish golfers were to respond to attacks upon them time." He has gone as for as to versation went on openly and no not only by buildng clubs of their own but by present- Well, editors must have some privileges, don't you was a conflict between the Jewish community and its one interrupted or interfered. reject a new opera which had been ing to the Gentile world, through their clubs, a proud think, Mr. II. J. C.? "Pardon," the Jewish laborer ar- approved by the Commissariat of non-Jewish neighbors; it meant that Jews were (wined guest. "How can you say such a Education, stating publicly that certain rights as human beings and they were strug- recognition of Jewish teachings, an effort at the dis- thing? Just look, under the the reason for his action was the Here is another letter that interests me: gling to attain these rights; it means that our people semination of Jewish knowledge, for Jews as Jews and Czar's regime, the peasant had fact that the libretto was composed Dear Mr. Joseph: land, today he has even more; un- by a Jew, Halperin. "flow can a was oppressed and rebelled. .But the Jewish people as Americans, they would best win the respect of their Everybody else is discussing the Walter A. der the Old regime the working reputable composer set the music neighbors. Gentiles do not approve of Jews who fly know whereof it fought for equal rights. There were man was in the factory, today he to a libretto which was written by May hundred-thousand-dollar party that he gave from themselves and imitate. Jewish naturalness times when a change in religion, the forsaking of the is still there, only under better a Jew?" Golovanov asked of the to a group of friends, so I wonder why you, who stands a better chance of recognition and general ac- composer. conditions. But what has become Faith of the Fathers, the repudiation of everything Jew- are so generally fearless, should side-step the sub- of the Jew? Under the Czar's rule Hatred Takes Firm Hold, ceptance on equal terms with the other cultures that ish, would have put an end to the entire struggle and he was a trader. today he cannot ject. Incidents in every-day life re- might have placed Jews on an equal footing with non- go to make up American life. The proud adherence of be a trader. Today he is starving vealing the presence of an ever I didn't sidestep it. I thought that the May Euro- becaus, he is not admitted any- Jews. But the fight for equal rights and against oppres- Jews to their Jewishness is the safest method of honor- spreading anti-Semitism could be pean party had publicity PLUS and there was no special where. Through the revolution cited endlessly. To walk through sion was coupled with the determination that Jewry able living on their part as Americans among Ameri- reason why I should add to it. Mr. May is a Pitts- the Jew has lost practically every- the streets of Moscow with one's burgher and a member of the Jewish community. He thing, while you and the peasants and Judaism must survive. It was as Jews that they cans. eyes and ears wide awake is suf- and his wife wished to celebrate their twenty-fifth wed- benefitted from it. What reason ficient to realize that the poison ding anniversary in Paris and invited a group of friends fought for human rights. have you to complain against the of Jew hatred, in its new form to be their guests. It's their money and the party is their Today, there is still oppression. It is of a physical Focusing Attention on Jewish Education. Jew?" of venomous, conscious, anti- business, not ours. I personally think the Mays showed werS;oviet's Prestige. Semitism, has taken firm hold of sort in Russia, Hungary and Rumania. It is of a social Lo Champions of the cause of Jewish education are imagination plus great generosity. Some folks say they The two Russian laborers ex- , the masses as well as 01 the higher nature in this country. • And Jews are still fighting once again taking up the cudgels in behalf of training would rather have spent the money, such an immense elements and government officials. changed glances, pondered a while some other way. Well, no one is stopping them. against prejudice and persecutions. We want to be the the youth. On three different occasions, in the past sum, and had nothing to say, Finally, Up to now the Soviet govern- But they surely cannot expect some one else to think one of. them remarked: "Well, equals of our non-Jewish neighbors. But ignorance has ment has been combatting anti- three weeks, national gatherings of American Jewish and to do as they think and do. What's the difference you are right, it is as you say. The Semitism as a product left over can afford to entertain a thousand or five crept into our ranks. We don't fight as Jews. Our bodies heard stories of the neglect of the Jewish young if a man who Jews have really lost through the from the old Czarist regime. Nosy or ten thousand dollars' worth, entertains within young particularly are rejecting Judaism and craving men and women, these tales being coupled with pleas thousand revolution. Nevertheless, whom the Soviet government is facing his limit, or a man who can afford to entertain to the to we find in the offices of the the problem of combatting not only hundred thousand dollars or so, does it on that for so-called modern ideas, without an idea in their for greater effort in offering them the training they tune of a governmen today if not the Jew?" that hang-over product but also heads about the thing they reject, without an apprecia- scale. Such conversations can be over- have to make is that the May the one resulting from the new need. I The only criticism tion of Jewish values, and without an attempt at learn- At the convention of the United Synagogue of party was badly press-agented because the character of heard everywhere. They show economic situation. • One hopes that the anti-Semitism in Russia that the Soviet government will the publicity trespassed on good taste, but knowing Mr. ing that Israel still has a mission to perform in inter- America, in Chicago, the address of Rabbi A. M. Hersh- today is of a more bitter nature succeed in solving this problem. and Mrs. Walter May, both of whom are unassuming preting to the world at large The ethical teachings of than in the old days. The official man of this city, on "Jewish Education," was declared The Soviet government is strong and modest, the blame cannot be laid at their door. Soviet organ Pravda admits this, today and can accomplish a great This personal statement is made concerning a per- our prophets and great men. to be the most important statement made to the dele- observing in a recent issue: "We deal. It has shown itself firm in matter because of the fact that when a party be- There is thus created an internal Jewish problem. gates representing the Conservative Jewish congrega- sonal know that it is caused by the com- dealing with anti-Semitism and is comes of international interest and is played up by all petition prevailing in the private It is the problem of the Jew among Jews, not of the Jew evincing no sign of letting up in tions of this country. Rabbi Hershman's address, the the newspapers of the world it becomes more or less trading where the Jewish 'nep- its drastic campaign against CI among Gentiles, and it makes the problem of the latter reading of which we are promised for the near future, public property. man' is also to be fodnd; we know forms of Jewish persecution. --.., all the harder. So long as our people is loyal to its and to which we anxiously look forward, cautioned that it is caused by the competi- I wonder if the charter granted by the University of The sharp form which anti-Semi tion among the applicants for em- principles and teachings it is best able to demand equal- the state of New York to the Isaac Elchanan Theological against making the child "the scapegoat for our short- tism has assumed in Russia at the ployment, where non-Jews com- Seminary for the establishment of a Yeshiva College present time is probably a tem- ity-human treatment of right and not as of sufferance. coming." In order to find the best method of training pete with a considerable number means the beginning of a movement in this country for porary manifestation, resulting But when ignorance begins to rule, our internal position of Jews; we know that it is caused the child he pleaded that the adult should also turn to Jewish universities? The Yeshiva College will teach side from the economic depression lit- also by the housing crisis which by side with Jewish religion and Jewish history and is weakened and is threatened with decay and degen- Jewish study : which Russia is going through this to creates many unpleasant inci- erature, the modern aciences. It will be empowered year. Apparently anti-Semitism eration• When our internal position deteriorates, our dents. We call upon everybody to confer B. A. and B. S. degrees exactly as any other col- can find no widespread physical ex- After all if the child has no religion, it is due to the failure combat anti-Semitism which not struggle as men among men becomes a difficult battle. lege.. Years ago, I predicted the coming of a Jewish have religion. Unless adults indulge in t. n a st i sdaueccrtciee ot hnde of its parents to only causes suffering to the Jews university exactly as the Catholics have their Notre Dame the gove rn- The existing situation demands a solution, and it and d rastic Jewish study and unless the synagogue becomes again the but also lowers the prestige of the and George Washington, Fordham and other institutions Beth Ilamedrosh (house of studyl,'any and every system would be folly to delay a discussion of it much longer. Soviet government." of higher learning. But I question the wisdom of estab- of Jewish education is bound to break down. teaching of The Pravda is not the only harmless. Jewish universities, if limited to the The boys and girls who are not "well enough interested lishing more difficult for Jews leoPY24991, 192P. J. T. Al newspaper to write this way. Many This was one of the signals of a reawakening to the in Judeism" are not to blame. Nor is this a problem modern subjects. It may make it to get into other universities. Further, it seems to me needs of the youth. Another was indicated at the affecting one group or movement. Substitute any name to intensify the spirit of separatism of which there is you choose for "Young Judea" in the above quotation, Washington conference called in opposition to the pres- already too much. ent administration of the Zionist Organization of Amer- h and you have the same problem. What is needed is an Sometimes men speaking in public make very foolis Amer- ica. The manifesto addressed to the Zionists able, idealistic and loyal Jewish leadership that will be example, I have in front of me a statements. For prepared to strive for the elimination of ignorance and ica from that meeting stated that clipping from a newspaper in Sharon, Pa. It refers hospital drive. the past will instead strive to disseminate knowledge. So long to an address at a dinner given during a A Sheaf of Sheilas those who have had the guidance of affairs during is of the The Rev. Dr. William Iludnut, of Youngstown, Ohio, as we continue to lack well trained guides for our several years have dissipated the spiritual resources movement. They have not enlisted the Jewish youth of lie probably is thoughtless when he makes youth, we are certain to suffer from the offense of By RABBI LEON FRAM t he speaker. America into Zionism. . • • this statement: Disco°, of Religious Edwor,ou, Temple Beck El. ignorance. This statement elicited a reply from Louis Lipsky, the F is the only religion in the world Christianity president of the Zionist Organization, who maintains which supports hospitals, and in turn the support 9. Who are the Subotniki? (Readers of The Detroit Jewish Social Discriminations and Imitations. that his administration has revived Young Judaea and of the hospitals for the benefit of the poor and the Chronicle are invited to submit 10. In what American state are The Michiwaukee Golf Club of Milwaukee, in the an- . the Subotniki settling? Rabbi b Frame Christian duty. for is vitally interested in work among the youth. a afflicted has become Leon to Frame, t. iloe Address nAstl El, :R saver. T w: e r e nsr p 11. Who is Myron Barlow.? building of which Jews played a leading part, has asked The third occasion to which we make reference, and I. a : ba Detroit.) i e i t t m Now that is sheer nonsense, to say nothing of being 12. Name two great Jewish eight of its Jewish members to resign. No reasons for on which pleas for Jewish education and the training flagrantly inaccurate. And then it was in exceedingly 1. What important novels on psychologists. this move were given, and the interpretation that this of the youth were heard, was the National Conference bad taste in view of the fact that some of the con- Jewish life have been published in 13. Why do Orthodox Jews re- the past year? to the campaign were Jews. Dr. Hudnut cer- train from eating shellfish? action is motivated by anti-Semitic feeling stands un- of Jewish Social Service, at Cincinnati, into the discus- tributors tainly must read the newspapers and if he does he surely 2. What important biographies 14. Is there an English transla- sions of which inevitabjy crept in this all-important of Jews have been published in the tion of the Talmud? must know that the Jews are noted for their support of ref uted. only a couple Michiwaukee's discrimination, following closely up- past year philanthropies, including hospitals. Why, 15. ho are the two greatest problem. must haves-read that in Pitts- 3. What important collections Jewish historians of modern of weeks ago Dr. Hudnut There are differences of opinion as to the methods from on the heels of the scandal created by the anti-Semi- of Jewish poetry have been pub- burgh, Pa., only an hour and thirty-minutes ride times? Fel, and Maurice tism of the Metropolitan Mason's Country Club of to be pursued in solving the problem of education, and Youngstown, that two brothers, Leon lished in the past year? 16. What countries were the 4. What importan books on the Briarcliff, N. Y., which was compelled to change the scenes of greatest Jewish persecu- a discussion of the merits of these conflicting methods gave $750,000 for a clinic in connection with the Uni- Jewish contribution to civilization versity of Pittsburgh for the relief of the NEEDY. But tion 10 years ago? word "Masons" in its name to "Manor," as a result of is impossible without the complete texts of the propos- why elaborate? There can be no objection to making have been published in the past 17. What two countries are the protests against anti-Semitism by Masons, emphasizes als, the reading of which we anticipate with interest. the best possible case for Christianity, but then, some- year! scenes of greatest Jewish persecu- we feel that the champions of that faith neglect 5. In what city was the Jewish tions now? the social prejudice that exists against the Jews in this The mere fact, however, that the question is drawing times to give other faiths credit for some very human qualities. Social Service Conference found- 18. Who is Claude Montefiore? the interest of every element in American Jewry, in the Christian love is no different from Jewish love; neither ed? country. 19. What American city has had A certain amount of pride is displayed by the Jews 6. Who is Dr. John L. Slawson? three Jewish mayors? ranks of our rabbis, among our social workers, in the is Christian charity any different from Jewish charity. Those are human attributes. I might just as well refer 7. To what office has Mr. Morris 20. In what city will the Inter- immediately affected. In Milwaukee the Jewish mem- councils of Zionism. is a matter for encouragement and to Christian hate, when Christian nations war against Waldman been recently appointed? national Conference of Liberal hers of the discriminating golf club resigned in a body. each other. Or Christian murder. Dr. Iludnut is prob- joy. Certainly a great deal of good must come from 8. What books for Jewish An- Judaism be held this year? ii .: very estimable and well-intentioned gentleman. drea have been published within - Rightful protests were made by those excluded from the attention that is now being given to the problem ably a but careless remarks create resentment on the part of the last year? (Turn to, Last Page.) the Briarcliff institution. Invariably, however, the for educating the young. those they hurt. Jewish response to such social discrimination has been A New Brand of Anti•Semitism Appears in Soviet Russia '.g..9.` YSo THE RABBI KNOWS BASK HIM ),C ;46c ; - R..9.4.9.(50 19A R.9 .Q9R 949.Q90A9RIAA 9.Q9.Q9. • .Q.9.