erRorr E1115/1 RONICLE IML `itg PAY4Y1%,4ThIrtf,4,14, 23%ir Published Weekly by T. ► Jewish Chronicle Publishing Cs.. Inc. President _Secretary and Treasurer Managing Editor Advertising Manager JOSEPH J. CUMMINS JACOB H. SCHAKNE PHILIP SLOMOVITZ MAURICE M. SAFIR Entered as Second-class matter March g. 1916, at the Postof5ce et Detroit. Mich.• under the Art of March 8. 1879. General Offices and Publication Building 525 Woodward Avenue Telephone: Cadillac 1040 Cable Address: Chronicle London Offic•. 14 Stratford Place, London, W. 1, England. $3.00 Per Year Subscription, in Advance eorrespondenre and news matter must reach this ofilee by Tuesday evening of each week. When mailing notices. kindly use one side of the paper only. To Insure publication, The Detroit Jewish Chronicle in•ites correspondence on subjects of interest to virus the Jewish people, but disclaims responsibility for an indorsement of the • exp ressed by the writers. Sabbath Readings of the Torah: Pentateuchal portions—Lev. 21:1-24:23. Prophetical portions—Ezek. 44:15-31. • lyar 14, 5688 May 4, 1928 Another Magnificent Gift. ganization, and the seriousness with which he attacked the Ilebraist movement at times made us wonder as to what was wrong with the lecturer. Following a brilliant analysis of the problems leading up to the need for the establishment of a Jewish national center in Palestine, Dr. Zhitlovsky immediately sunk from the sublime to the ridiculous. In advocating Yiddish as the universal Jewish language and as the ruling Palestine medium of conversation, he ignored the most elementary facts in the situation: that outside of Palestine, in the States, in England, in France, in practically every land on earth, it is the most natural thing under the sun for the Jew to adopt the language of his environment. We can't help but feel that Dr. Chaim Arlosoroff, in his brilliant reply to Dr. Zhitlovsky's charges, was right when he pointed out that even in the most patriotic of Yiddish Volkshul classes the pupils turn to English as soon as they have left the Yiddish environment. It is the most natural thing in the world for the boy and the girl to use the language of the street, of the playground, and, why not admit, of the home. It is at the same time a cause of joy to know that under the existing circum- stances in the language question, in the two or three Yiddish schools in Jerusalem, whose Agudist directors consider it a sacrilege for "loshon kodesh," the holy tongue, to be used as an every (lay medium of expres- sion, the pupils, when the teachers' backs are turned upon them, resort to Hebrew. Because in Palestine it is Hebrew that is the most natural tongue. So why fool ourselves? And why divert the issue from the economic and social problems that face us in Palestine to that of a narrow discussion of a Hebrew- Yiddish struggle? And why not accept the will of the Palestine workers, as was stated to the convention here by Dr. Arlosoroff, that they insist on the right to choose their language, and they have chosen Hebrew? The most interesting expression on the question of Hebrew and Yiddish remains the chapter, "Mistress and Maid," in the late Yehoash's (Solomon Bloom- garden) book, "The Feet of the Messenger." "Mistress and Maid" were the terms employed by Maskilim to de- note Hebrew and Yiddish respectively. In a resume of his experiences in which the conflict of Yiddish and Hebrew played their parts, Yehoash wrote among other things: Felix M. Warburg's $1,000,000 contribution to the Russian colonization fund, to match Julius Rosenwald's $5,000,000 donation, is another of the most magnificent philanthropic actions in the history of American Jews. Mr. Rosenwald has in previous war relief campaigns taken the lead among our people throughout the world in donating the largest sums for the relief of war and pogrom stricken European Jews. Mr. Warburg now follows his lead and takes his place among the world's noblest Jewish philanthropists. In the progress that is being made to match Mr. Rosenwald's gift with another $5,000,000, thus raising a $10,000,000 sum for the settlement of Jews on farms in Russia, it is important that one thing be clarified. Mr. Warburg has made it clear that he does not intend, with his contribution, to divert interest from the efforts in Palestine. A Zionist official at the same time stated that the two movements were not competitive, and it is exactly this that is important as a difference between the two movements for colonization, in Russia and in Palestine: If Russian land settlement is ever to be interpreted as competitive to Palestine, and if Zionists are to lose heart because another constructive relief effort is be- ing made in behalf of a million poverty stricken Russian Jews, confusing it as an effort to hurt the movement for the reconstruction of the Jewish Homeland in Pal- estin, it will be nothing short of an admission of failure and bankruptcy on the part of Zionists. Calm and un- excitable leaders in the Zionist movement, however, will never yield to such panicky thinking. Historically, Palestine has earned priority. In sentiment and aspira- tion of our people, momentum in which was gained as a result of centuries ,of praying for Palestine's restor- ation, the Land of Israel has gained precedence in priv- ilege as a place for Jewish colonization. The cultural and moral achievements, not to speak of the physical accomplishment in the Jewish Homeland, retain for Zionist endeavor superiority in rank of Jewish land set- tlement. Palestine's priority, however, in no way detracts from the importance of the agrarian effort of Messrs. Rosenwald, Warburg, Louis Marshall and James N. Rosenberg. Russia's starving million must be given an opportunity to save itself, and land settlement is the only remedy possible. Both movements, therefore, that of Palestine's resettlement and the colonization of Russian Jewry on the soil, are the most important tasks facing Israel today. Jewish Book Week. According to Jewish law, every Jew is obligated either to write a scroll of the Law himself, or if he does not do so, to cause it to be written for him. The collec- tion of books, by virtue of this, becomes a duty for Jews, and it is due perhaps to this law more than anything else that we are called "Am Hasofer,"—The People of the Book. The mere fact, however, that this is being written during a seven-day period set aside by a recent tradi- tion as "Jewish Book Week" seems to indicate that our people has of late resigned from this title. The assign- ment of a period of time in this country to stimulate the purchase of Jewish books, and to encourage good Jew- ish reading among Jews, is like an admission that the Jewish books are forsaken by our people. While it is hardly possible to arouse an interest in books, culture and learning by merely designating a certain brief period in the year as a time for stimulat- ing good reading, every means possible ought never- theless be made of in reawakening a love in the Jew for good reading and an interest in Jewish writings, and to stimulate a revival of book collections which are still a trait in European Jewish communities. "Jewish Book Week" is being observed during this week one day of which is being celebrated as the Schol- ars' Festival (on Lag b'Omer), the day on which, ac- cording to tradition, the plague which raged among the students of Rabbi Akiba stopped. To stimulate the pur- chase and reading of good and more Jewish books is an appropriate way of celebrating this festival of the schol- ars. CPAS. A Private Letter From Soviet Russia. ci 0 James Marshall, son of I.ouis Marshall, the eminent leader in American Jewry, is a keen observer. At least I judge so from his article in the April issue of The Menorah Journal," which I am sorry through an over- sight, is being called at so late a day to the attention of the readers of this column. Mr. Marshall discusses every problem, well, maybe not every one, but most problems that are always being most talked about when Jews gather. And I am sure that it will repay you to get a copy of the Menorah Journal, which is published at 63 Fifth avenue, New York, and read what a representative of the younger generation has to say on these various subjects. I am glad to advertise the Menorah Journal because I think it just about the most worth-while Jew- ish publication in this country. Translated from the Hebrew in the 'Woe, By A. D. MARKSON was a lesson in With no other alternative I am know me at all. It the principal writing this letter to you. But history. By order of the teacher continued his lesson. istthis really a letter? Why, it is a Ile was lecturing: "The history be- second Book of Lamentations, and fore the Bolshevik revolution is a product of the bourgeois, and it even surpasses the Biblical book with its deep sorrow and wailing. therefore it is all deceptions. It is . bour- Moreover, while the Book of all the invention of those geois and their authors and there once a year, on Tisha WAY, this is not a grain of truth in it. The new "Kinah" is being read every real history begins with the Com- day by all devout Russian Jews. munisst. week those bour- geois are This celebrating Chanukah, Forgive me, dear brother, for they light candles in the windows" making your life bitter with these ... Ilere the principal was called lamentations. I know I am not to the office. The teacher closed the only one with his tales of woe. the door immediately' and began You have more than enough telling the little pupils with great krathers in distress who pour their enthusiasm anti powerful emphasis bitter hearts to you and fill your the importance of Chanukah, of There is no general communal life, except in cup of tears with new tears every the greatness of Judah the Mom- inattere of philanthropy, nothing that arouses gen- day. baean, of those Jewish traitors, the eral Jewish interest except the cry of anti-Semi- jo ined Antiochus. But this time I do not come to Hellenists, whA er tfold the them about en the tea tism. The contact of the young people with the you with my own sufferings. I When thset e hero ic eath o Judo d - th oet sfr synagogues has been becoming more tenuous and am r yeocu ornc aile st i lee wifth betchaen me. tt lf o a l f Int battlefield, his eyes were omo thus far even the establishment of Jewish Centers ex claim ed: in one of the Cherson settlements. with tears and one boy e 'rdtre to does not seem to have done more than to create ,, sold house and chattels. I took "Comrade teacher, I wou An- a certain social stability. . . . Among the Jews my delicate wife and my tender be a bourgeoise like Judah. children and, together with a few other pupil exclaimed innocently: the flow of modernity is blended with a sense of more families of my native town- "Why, that is just what our Jewish shame at being a people apart; and one is aware I Bolsheviks are doing right now! d e wsfea,riemderst.horns s loo ets ca sm of a growing desire of American Jews, especially Just like those Hellenists! let, e of the well-to-do wh,:se pockets hold the key to Such teachers we had in their v e and thistles, and—we simply star many gates, to become assimilated. The Ameri- r bun- every day. The te rible cold de- schools in the scores and vastates us. Every day I go to Beds! That's how we beat the can rabbinate has neither the materials nor the the forest, about four Russian enemy within his stronghold and genius to cope with the spiritual dissolution which with his own weapon. But that miles (about 18 English miles) the congregation is undergoing under the blessings from our hut. I chop some wood was two years ago, before we were of freedom. and carry it home on my shoul- ders to keep my frail and tender furnished poverty and op- We our could still find some- pressi on. by Of course I am not prepared to follow him all the thing valuable in the house to children warm. Well, I have tee• onciled with all that. I am liv- pawn for bread. But now, famine way and I think he is just a little extreme in his judg- ing among my brethren in Rus- with all the angels of destruction ments. Nevertheless he gives all Jewish leaders some- via and I have to bear with them are devastating and decimating our thing to think about. all suffering and sorrow. I did ranks. Our tender children, our is- not come to ten you my own suf- nocent babes are begging for a Sometimes I don't know whether a letter is meant fering, but I came to let you hear piece of bread. Many of our good for my eyes' only or if it is to be published and answered the suffering of a people, the comrades died, emigrated, or are throug, this column./1 I not publish letters that I am groanings of our brethren, the out- wallowing in the filth in Siberia. sure a e meant to_h6 con dential, but I would ask those cry of our dear friends, a cry of Those who remained laid down who do desire their corres iondence to be considered con- bitter despair which grasped all their weapons despondently. Our fidential‘to please advise e to that effect. If they don't our national heroes who have front is thinning out; the number they are likely (if their letters are of general interest) Personally I find myself daily believing more and more fought so bravely and obstinately of the slain, physically or spirit- to find them in this column. I have a letter in front of in the possibility of reviving the language of our forebears for our Torah and our language, wally, is increasing hourly, and the me at this moment that I am in doubt about. It is from and were full of hope and believed erne and obnoxious enemy is tri- in Eretz Yisroel. Hebrew has always been a necessity in a gentleman in Washington, D. C., who wants to know that their indomitable will to save umphant. My heart breaks at the Palestine as a universal tongue in which Jews that come if money shouldn't be first contributed to necessary our treasures will conquer. Now, sight of this national deathly home-communal causes, then outside appeals should be hither from every corner of the earth have been able to being overwhelmed with poverty agony. considered. and affliction they are laying down understand one another. The Jew from Persia and the Now the bitter irony of it. Peo- their weapons. You know how pie who live in prosperity and en- Jew from Afghanistan, the Jew from Germany and the He feels that the communal pride on the part 'of a many trials we have been going jo y all the luxuries of life, who Jew from Yemen, were obliged to use Hebrew in order to certain group of Jews in failing to provide a proper edi- through in the last 10 years, but rat and drink like human beings fice for religious worship in a desirable residential dis- find a brother in one another. This necessity becomes what a crushing and mortifying and the light and . freedomof trict caused Gentiles to move away. Whereas, if an trial when your dearest souls are a civilized world supply us with daily stronger, and will provide a constant incentive to the attractive synagogue had been built instead of using a starving for a piece of bread and good council. We who walk in employment of Hebrew. In time Hebrew can become as remodeled private dwelling, the neighbors would have you have to stand and look at them the darkness who have lost every natural to the residents of Palestine as it was to our welcomed it, instead of resenting it. In the interest of helplessly. To tvhom shall I conic hope and aspiration. "Why don't truth I must say, that I have never known a temple, ancestors two thousand years ago. if not to you? you go back to the farm? Give up regardless of how pretentious if built in a fine residen- After all, Hebrew has always been an important ele- Yes, my dear brother, you have your Shacher-Machep (petty busi- tial district, which did not arouse the ire of neighbors. suffered with us all the outrages ness of doubtful character)! Stop ment in all the dialects that Jews have adopted in the People don't like church property next door to them. of the great war, all the atrocities breathing the stifling air of the various lands where they were dispersed. Perhaps in a This holds true of Christian as well as of Jewish houses and pogroms of Petluria, Denikin city." Very wise and profitable of worship. If my correspondent wants to test the truth sense one might even call Yiddish a Hebraic dialect. and the tyrannies of the Polish council, indeed. Crimea, Cherson, of this statement let him observe the reaction of a neigh- government. Together with us you and now, a new son was given to in the next fine temple or synagogue or church When Dr. Judah L. Magnes, Chancellor of the He- borhood were an eye-witness to all the us: Amur-Sibbia. Our good deliv- that is built in an exclusive residential district of his brew University at Jerusalem, on his recent American city. Why I know Jews, any number of them, who calamities of our people. We, erers and providers are glorifying therefore, turn to you to be our their newspaper, the Sheker visit, accepted a sum of money for the establishment of resent the presence of synagogues, beautiful buildings, mouthpiece and proclaim to the in (The Lie, an ironical name for the next door to them. And there is no anti-Semitism a Yiddish chair at the university, there was hope that too, great world the bitter truth. We Jewish Bolshevik paper Der Ernes, in their attitude, they just don't like crowds and con- bitterness would be removed from the Hebrew-Yiddish fusion, and automobiles lining the curbs in front of their appeal to you: Cry aloud, do not meaning "the truth") the new spare, lift up your voice like a Jewish commonwealth beyond the controversy, and that the latter would indeed be ac- homes. horn, let the world hear through mountain darkness. Everything your voice the groaning and out- is ready for the great banquet. cepted as a "Hebrew dialect." But when Dr. Zhitlovsky So the Negro Y. M. C. A.'s are to have a "Julius cries of millions of sighing and They are just waiting for those Rosenwald Day"—a yearly holiday to honor the memory refers to Hebrew as a foreign language (auslaendisher groaning people, an outcry of an American philanthropists to open of the one man in this country who has been their great- loshon) he not only does not do his cause any good, but est inspiration and encouragement.. If the newspaper important part of a people on the their pocketbooks. God Almighty! brink of an abyss; perhaps it will we live in a time when a person creates a bitterness which hurts the movements he aims statements are correct Mr. Rosenwald has given twenty stir to great pity one whose Jewish sits in his office and knows exactly million dollars to Negro educational and "Y" movements. to aid. heart is still beating. what is going on in every nook and This seems to me to be an astonishingly large sum and I flash corner on our globe, and here peo- s a p g a o s , kwolife ni p etraveled Twoy question whether most of my readers ever thought that hope flashed pie are blind to see the exact na- ear n a i n Mr. Rosenwald had given no much money to Negro wel- here and there that "the Glory of tore of that movement to bring fare. I cannot dismiss this subject without recalling Israel will not fail." In every the Jews back to the soil. More- the whisperings that swept the country when the Klan town and townlet I met a chosen over, those representatives and in- Rome last week celebrated its two thousand six hun- had its peak sucker list that Sears Roebuck A Co. were few who were fighting with our vestigators who keep on coming to being quietly discriminated against in certain sections of dred and eighty-first birthday. It is interesting to note atrocious internal enemy, defend- see the new Russia do not see the country because Mr. Rosenwald was such a bene- from the reports of the celebration that it was a Fascist factor to the Negro race. Undoubtedly, some of the more ing bravely our spirituel posses- what they ought to see. sions, our Torah and our Ian- ignorant of the Klan possibly showed their displeasure You surely remember the prepa- holiday. It is even more interesting for the Jew to know gouge. On the garrets, in the cal- rations they used to make under of Mr. Rosenwald's "Un-American" attitude but not any that a birthday of ancient Rome was observed by Ital- lam, in stalls and stables, before the Czar's regime for the guber- who were normal-minded. ians and not by Romans. The Italian of today is not sunrise, or stormy night—they rotor when he came to visit a were spreading the knowledge of town. A ukase was promulgated I was amused to read that the Nation, which is trying the Roman of old. The Romans' disappearance is com- Judaism. They scoffed at all shots that every one must sweep the to make the world safe for "Humor," is going to give a and bombs that the malicious in- Blacklist Party on Tuesday, May 9, at the Level Club in plete. pavement, kalsomine the house, New York, which is at 253 West Seventy-third street. I ternal enemy showered on them. and light the lanterns. They would Rome's anniversary celebration also recalls the an- about the time and the place because if any Sometimes they even dared to also warn that nobody dare pre- am exact cient struggle between that state and Jerusalem. It of my readers have a sense of humor and will be in New break into the ranks of the enemy sent a petition or complaint to the York on that date, they may take a dollar-bill and go to and saved with a mighty hand the gubernator, but he shall deliver was at the hands of Rome that the Jewish State received the party. A group of dangerous characters, those black- prey out of his mouth. They used it to the local magistrate. Now, its last blow. The Jewish State was conquered by Titus listed by the Daughters of the American Revolution, will every means to save the poor under the present regime, we have "lamb." from the mouth of the the same process. Three days and Rome rejoiced. It interpreted the conquest as the be the entertainers. Ileywood Broun and Edna Ferber ferocious lion. Two years ago Clarence Darrow and a lot of others. If you are a - I before the arrival of a prominent subduction of the Jewish people, and therein was pow- and was in the townlet B--- dunng visitor from abroad notice is given radical or have ever been seen in public with such dan- Chanukah. I went in to one of that on that day an American erful Rome's error. gerous characters as Rabbi Stephen Wise or Bertrand the schools to visit my young tourist, or an English press corre- Russell or Jane Addams, you are entitled to attend this Even to the great Roman Empire the conquest of friend who was the principal of who dinner. Really I sometimes think that those of you spondent, Will visit the colony. small Judaea seemed no usual triumph, and a number are so conventional and spend their time in New York in that school, a hard-boiled Corn- The men must all be in the field, monist, a thick-witted and per- just eating food and dancing and going to night clubs and with of arches were erected to the glory of Titus. They all busying themselves vented Yev-seh. lie showed me ploughing, sowing, weeding, dig- shows, ought to get off of Broadway long enough to get pointed to "Judaea devicta" and "Judaea capta," the the flavor of real life and not the artificial kind that is through the classes to observe the ging. The women must stay home conquered and the captive Judaea, and on one of the prepared by "promoters" who "Canned Entertainment." studies and the order and disci- and busy themselves with milking pline in the Yev-sek schools. We cows, shearing the sheep. . arches was inscribed the legend: entered one class-room where the So I see that Baron von Huenefeld is the son of a Humiliated, subdued, with a teacher was "one of us," a faith - spine-breaking brow we receive Jewish mother, Well, that will help the Jewish cause in The Senate and people of Rome have erected this arch Jul Hebraist and a devoted Zionist. Germany—maybe! I undertsand that there has been to the first of their citizens, His Sacred Majesty, Titus The teacher pretended not to (Turn to Next Page). considerable anti-Semitic agitation in some of the press of Germany in connection with the flight. But, of course, Caesar Vespasian, son of the God Vespasian, High Priest, in that means nothing because anti-Semitic agitations are invested for the tenth time with tribunician power, hailed developed every hour in Germany. It doesn's make the commander seventeen times, chosen consul eight times, slightest difference what the occasion, there is always an Father of his Country, because, led by the guidance, wisdom anti-Semitic demonstration. If a man eats two plates of soup, it at once becomes a matter for nationalistic and divine favor of his father, he subdued the race of the propaganda and it is discovered that the Jew is at the Jews and destroyed their city of Jerusalem, a city which bottom of it—the soup. Great country, Germany. At all kings, commanders, and nations before him have either any event the Jews can claim half of the flier. That evens A Sheaf of Shedas . attacked in vain, or left wholly unassailed. matters up a bit in connection with Christopher Colum- minute, wait a minute! We have our bus. But wait a By RABBI LEON FRAM Today Jerusalem, the spirit of Israel, remains to own Levine who flew to Germany. Occasion for another Bisector of Religious Education, Temple Beth El. laugh at Rome's boasts. While the Roman rejoiced anti-Semitic outburst. "Mistress and Maid" Yiddish vs. Hebrew. — The Jewish National Workers Alliance (Nationaler Arbeiter Verband), in convention here the early part of the week, revived the now almost ancient conflict between Hebrew and Yiddish. Dr. Chaim Zhitlovsky, brilliant scholar and orator, philosopher and national- ist theorist, and we might add that he is a very good Zionist, has nevertheless fallen into grave error with his lengthy address at the Sunday afternoon session of the convention. Ignoring the scores of problems that are facing the movement for Palestine's upbuilding, he once again picked on Yiddish as the prime issue in the con- flict and made the grave charge against Dr. Chaim for Hebrew, is • Weizmann that the latter, in his zeal immigration into sacrificing the possibility of a large Palestine because he fears that a large influx of East European Jews would entirely eliminate Hebrew and make Yiddish the language of Palestine. The bitterness with which Dr. Zhitlovsky made his charges against the President of the World Zionist Or- R.2.c The New Book of Lamentations Ibo olf.941.5 z Here is one statement that Marshall made that seems to me to contain many elements of truth. Speaking of the American-Jewish community, he makes this bold assertion: t. Rome and Jerusalem. THE RABBI KNOWS eASK HIM that "he subdued the race of the Jews and destroyed their city of Jerusalem," the Jew stubbornly refusd to disappear. "I shall not die but live to declare the works of the Lord," was his reply in the words of the psalmist. A prevailing tradition in Rome, emphasing the stubborness in the Jew's will to live, even opened for the inhabitants of Rome's ghetto inhabitants a way between the arch and the Palatine, that Jews should not have to pass under the Arch of Titus. Although the Jew's very passing under the arch would have given the lie to the false legend of triumph. Emma I,azarus, in .one of her finest poems, "Gifts," offers a reason. The Roman cried for Power, and today A roofless ruin stands where once abode Th' imperial race of everlasting Rome. But the Jew cried for Truth. "Ile became the slave of the Idea." And— Seek him today, and find in every land; No fire consumes him, neither floods devour; Immortal through the lamp within his hand. ,af:, AQA 9,C 910AM 9.Q.U.9AM.9. 0. AAA RAU• A R A,9.c9A9,c9 liskuA ..9 A I have been criticized for criticizing the "King of Kings" picture—I am told the Jews are too sensitive— well, we are not the only ones as this clipping from a London paper will attest: During the past two weeks it has been stated that the American producers are withdrawing the film, "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" because it engenderes the old war spirit. An Irish film, "The Callahans and the Murphys" has also been withdrawn in America because of Irish oppo- sition. The exhibition of "Beau Geste" in Shang- hai, recently, was the cause of disturbances and active protests by French ex-soldiers. And more recently still corner the intimation from the Berlin correspondent of the Times that the firm depicting the life of Martin Luther has been shown on the Berlin screens for the last time, because of strong Roman Catholic protests. The view of Protest- ants in Germany is that in a film attempting to present the life of Martin Luther, it would have been impossible to have ignored some of these On a former occasion, an American film was shown in this country depicting scenes from the Revolu- tionary War in the eighteenth century distinctly unfavorable to the British point of view, and it might be said to have jeopardized British-Ameri- can relations. 919.QQ.Q9A919. QAA •s, 4.046.046.4,,..0,6 (Readers of The Detroit Jewish Chronicle are invited to submit questions for Rabbi Fram to an- swer. Address Rabbi Leon Pram, Temple Beth El, Detroit.) 1. Where is the first quarantine law in history to be found? 2. What influence did this first quarantine law have on the law of the state of Michigan? 3. Which of the Prophets was thrown into prison for his prophe- cies? 4. Which of the Prophets was chased out of town for his prophe- cies? 5. Which of the Prophets was called "crazy"? 6. Which of the Prophets had a price on his head? 7. Which of the rabbis was tor- tured to death by the Romans? 8. On what two holidays are the martyr rabbis commemorated in the services? 9. What Jewish congregations carried on • correspondence with George Washington? 10. To what Jewish congrega- tion did Benjamin Franklin make' a contribution? 11. Who was Mordecai Manuel Noah? 12. What offices did Mordecai Manuel Noah hold? 13. What important principle of international law did Mordecai Manuel Noah establish? 14. Why was Mordecai Manuel Noah called the first Zionist? 15. Why is Grand Island in the Niagara River near Buffalo an im- portant spot for Jewish history? 16. What new name did Morde- cai Manuel Noah give to Grand Island? 17. What is Ararat? 18. Who was the first American Jew to urge the restoration of Pal- estine? 19. What former Detroiter was recently voted the foremost citi- zen of New Orleans? 20. Who was Judah Tours? (Turn to Last Page.) 4.4617.40.g.1/4,2 ■ 4074.W447.144X4:44 Q.9. MIIEMNalfalegfaNtAltats.1.1 ORONICLE iftEvETROIT Q. 'ASV). .c 9.4'. rr b" h" ' h '