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TILEVETRo»I sfl&RONI3LE

Published Weekly by

Th. Jewish Chronicle Publishing Co., Inc.

JOSEPH J. CUMMINS
JACOB H. SCHAKNE

.

3

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y and Treasurer

Entered as Second-c1.% matter March 3, 1914. at the Postogice .t Detroit.
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expressed by the writers.

October 21, 1927

Tishri 25, 5688

Good Old Jim Reed.

At

AO

Will Rogers in one of his syndicated wise-cracks re-
marked last week that, it took Missouri seven years to
Lind out Jim was right. I hope the nation can catch on
quicker than that. I would love to see Jim in that
White House. lie would sure have sonic of those rich
boys going in and bringing sticks out of the water for
him."
Will is supposed to be something of a humorist so
we are expected to laugh on reading this bit of political
wisdom. But this time we are laughing at Will—not
with him. For it is not many months since we all saw
Jim going into the water himself and bringing out sticks
for one of those rich boys. And quite a lot of sticks
too—$1,000,000 worth, in fact — $100,000 worth of
which he laid up in his own woodshed.
Within the last few weeks there has been a wide-
spread propaganda in the press all of which is plainly
calculated to wipe from Jim's noble brow the black
stain of personal dishonor that he smeared himself with
in Detroit last summer. Some of this inspired white-
wash has even spilled over into the pages of the Anglo-
Jewish press. Its object is to show that good old Jim
is really the most tolerant of men. That he accepted
the job of defending Mr. Ford and the Dearborn Inde-
pendent during the late libel suit in Detroit only be-
cause he wished to demonstrate his large tolerance and
his love for the Jewish people. That he did all he could
to keep the Ford-Sapiro case from developing into a
racial issue and succeeded in keeping out of the record
anything that might raise the question of race-hatred.
And more of the same nonsense.
There is no mention of Jim's nasty and disgusting
way of distorting Jewish names during the trial in order
to emphasize their Jewishness. It tells nothing at all
about Jim's real motive in keeping the racial issue out
of the trial—to becloud the real issue and put Mr. Sa-
piro on the defensive. There is no mention of how good
old Jim accepted at their face value the obviously
framed-up affidavits of the Ford detectives and all the
other extra-legal, to say nothing of the illegal, tricks
of the defense.
All these things we saw during the trial and they
were duly and faithfully reported in the Detroit Jewish
Chronicle last summer. Last week they were once more
a matter of current news when Aaron Sapiro addressed
the Men's Temple Club, On this occasion Mr. Sapiro
reviewed the events of the trial and brought home very
forcibly to all those present the chief points of interest.
When Mr. Sapiro got through telling about good old
Jim Reed as he saw him, there was very little left to
admire in the venerable senator.
But there is at least one•fact concerning Jim that
Mr. Sapiro omitted from his address. We called atten-
tion to it in these columns last May but it will bear re-
peating. At the cornerstone laying of the Keren Haye-
sod Synagogue in Kansas City about four years ago the
same Jim Reed had occasion to refer to Mr. Ford as a
"most contemptible character," declaring that a "man
who would deny religious freedom is a disgrace to the
republic." Which reveals good old Jim as a man who
can change his mind.
The learned senator from Missouri made much of the
legal fees that Mr. Sapiro collected from the farmers'
co-operatives for his services, so it may not be out of
place for us to recall at this time that Jim's fee for de-
fending a cause that his own client has since branded
as fraudulent was a mere $100,000 considerably more
that Mr. Gallagher got for his able and conscientious
service to the cause of tolerance. Jim is a friend of
Will Rogers. We suggest that he remind his friend that
a man who accepted $100,000 for defending an intol-
erant and repudiated cause is in no position to raise his
voice against the corruption of Republican politicians.
Will says he is willing to bet one million dollars "that
everything Jim said about the Republicans was true."
We do not care to call his bet. But we are willing to
bet one minim, dollars that everything Jim said about
Aaron Sapiro at the Ford-Sapiro trial was not true—
and we are not worrying about paying this bet if we
lose.

—

ol'

"The Jewish God."

Every n,,w and then a wordy storm blows up in the
Christian pulpit about some Biblical or theological ques-
tion. The newspapers, which once had a strict policy
of keeping such material out of their columns. now seize
upon it and make it page one "copy." The result is
that many of these tea-pot tempests loom in the imagi-
nation of the average newspaper reader as large as
the Councils and Diets of the middle ages. As a mat-
ter of fact they are nearly always mere odds and ends
of popular theology badly garbled by incompetent and
unintelligent newspaper reporters. Or else they are
questions that have not been questions for at least 50
years past—some Biblical problem, perhaps, that has
long ago been debated and settled to the satisfaction
of all competent students.
Such a burning question was page one copy in the
newspapers last week. It appears that the Rev. Hilary
G. Richardson of Yonkers, N. Y., speaking at a Sunday
school conference in Washington. referred to the Je-
hovah of the Old Testament as a "God who does things
against every rule of social order and decency." Dr.
William E. Barton, the famous biographer of Lincoln,
who has been acting pastor of the First Congregational

Church in Detroit all summer, took the Rev. Mr. Rich-
ardson to task for his remarks. Whereupon the Rev.
Dr. Augustus P. Reccord of the First Unitarian Church
of Detroit came to the defense of his Unitarian col-
league in this fashion:

As Dr. Barton knows, there is no single Old Testament
conception of God. There arc various conceptions ranging
from the cruel and bloodthirsty Jehovah of the period of
the judges and early monarchy to the lofty conceptions of
the later prophets. Mr. Richardson has simply called at-
tention to the fact that conduct ascribed to the former is
often an affront to decency and even to good morals.
With regard to a God who is said to have demanded
the sacrifice of the first born, commanded the ruthless ex-
termination of all prisoners taken in battle, including
women and little children, and compassed the destruction
of a group of boys and girls who happened to incur the
wrath of a bald-headed prophet, the charge would seem
to be justified. It is to such a conception of God that Mr.
Richardson takes exception, and in this he is supported by
all reputable Bible students.

Since this little fracas involves what our Gentile
brethren are wont to call "the Jewish God" we feel
entitled to a word or two on the subject.
To the well-informed Jew of today the "Jewish
God" is no longer a matter of debate. Ile knows that
the concept of God has gone through many changes and
is still undergoing change. The Jewish theologians of
Germany in the last century were among the first to
accept the findings of the so-called Higher Criticism of
the Bible and a number of them contributed much to
this important branch of scholarship themselves. The
views of enlightened Jews on the subject of the "Jew-
ish God" were briefly but adequately set forth 20 years
ago by Dr. Emil G. Hirsch in his article, "God" in the
Jewish Encyclopedia, which we quote here in part:

The modern critical school regards monotheism as the
final outcome of a long process of religious evolution. . .
The primitive religion of Israel and the God-concept there-
in attained reflected the common primitive Semitic re-
ligious ideas, which, though modified in Biblical times, and
even largely eliminated, have left their traces in the theo-
logical doctrines of the Israel of later days. . . . In the
conception of YlIWII (Jehovah) found in the poetry of
the Bible, speaking the language of former mythology and
theology, the element is still dominant which, associating
Him with the devastating cloud or the withering, con-
suming fire, virtually accentuates His destructive, fearful
nature.

This view was already the all but universally ac-
cepted one among students of the Bible both Jewish
and Christian when Dr. Hirsch expressed it in 1907. No
matter how much the gentlemen of the Christian pul-
pit may exercise themselves about the matter, it is an
old story to every modern Jewish student of the Bible
and Bible criticism—that is, to those Jews to whom
Bible criticism is not heresy.
The "Jewish God" is simply the Jewish concept of
God and that concept, as Dr. Hirsch explained, has
changed continually. It is an evolutionary process of
which the beginning is lost in the mists of the past and
the end is beyond the farthest reaches of our imagina-
tion. It is in that sense, and in that sense alone, that
Jewish Biblical scholarship today conceives the idea
that "God is from everlasting to everlasting." Our
Christian friends need not be alarmed about our "Jew-
ish God" Jehovah. Jehovah, when we bequeathed Him
upon the western world, was no longer the God of
"primitive Semitic religious ideas"—no longer a "God
who does things against every rule of social order and
decency." As Dr. Hirsch points out later in the same
article,

NEW YORK TOPICS

The "Year End" Jew Calls Again.

In answer to the quotation I made from a statement
of Louis J. Lewis, a former member of the Christian
Science Church, regarding racial discrimination, the fol-
lowing letter was sent to the editor of the Cleveland
Jewish Review and Observer, which, in justice to the
Christian Science Church, I am including in this column:

October 11, 1927.
To the Editor of the Cleveland Jewish Review
and Observer:—The reason why Louis J. Lewis
did not get more prominent position among Chris-
tian Scientists and why he withdrew from the
Christian Science denomination were personal to
himself. This denomination includes a consider-
able number of members who were followers of
Judaism, and Mr. Lewis is mistaken in saying
that there has been a change of attitude toward
them on the part of the Christian Science board
of directors. In fact, the by-laws of the Christian
Science Mother Church provide for equality
among all members in good standing, without re-
gard to their former affiliations, and there never
has been any variation from this policy on the
part of the officers of this church.
RALPH B. TEXTOR.
Christian Science Committee of Publication
for Ohio.

The Rev. Dr. Albert C. Dieffenbach, editor of the
Christian Register, certainly had fire in his eye when he
wrote that book of his, "Religious Liberty: An American
Illusion." Ile announces right on the first page that
he is prepared to take the consequences of his state-
ments. He shows how Fundamentalist Protestantism is
bludgeoning the legislatures of the states into putting
church-dogma on the statute books. Ile views with alarm
this Fundamentalist autocracy that is being created in
this country which he considers a serious menace to re-
ligious liberty, or what is left of it in the United States.
I feel that our own people don't realize what's going on.
I have tried for years to point out this very danger that
Dr. Dieffenbach so clearly presents in his book. The
forces of fanaticism are in the saddle. There are mil-
lions of dollars invested in this movement to throttle re-
ligious liberty. Censorship of every kind is involved.
Blue laws, Bible reading in the schools, anti-evolution,
klan, anti-tobacco leagues, putting Jesus in the Consti-
tution, all this is being promoted while Liberalism stands
without leadership.

I would like to see this book of Dr. Dieffenbach's ob-
tain a wide circulation and I wish the readers of this
column would help distribute it. Doctor Dieffenbach is
one of the militant liberals of the nation. He is a leading
Unitarian of Boston and has lectured at the Williams-
town Institute of Politics. Last year he was the speaker
at a Goodwill Dinner given in Pittsburgh under the aus-
pices of the Brotherhood of Rabbi Samuel II. Goldenson's
congregation, and made a profound impression upon lead-
ers of all denominations.

Bedtime stories. Do you believe in fairies? It's
queer what astonishing persons one meets with in pamph-
lets issued by Hebre•-Christians. I wish I could find the
kinds of Jews they seem to discover. Here's an example
sent me by a reader of this column in Chicago. It is
issued by the Chicago Hebrew Mission. Anybody who
can believe this story can believe in witches.
It is the story of a Jewish girl whose Christian lover
had not been true blue, so she left him. Now read the
thrilling story in our next paragraph:

She walked up and down the seashore, heart-
broken, feeling that her loss was irreparable. One
afternoon as she looked out into the blue ocean,
she said in her heart:
"I do not want to live; I am not going to live,
and tonight I shall end it all.
She went back to the hotel, and as she was
climbing up the broad stairway, she sighed heavily.
A young woman going down the stair heard the
sigh and said:
"Excuse me! You sighed deeply. Are you in
trouble?"
The Jewess replied: "Well, yes. I was think-
ing that life is not worth living."
She did not say that she intended to end it, but
merely that it was not worth living.
"Indeed," said the young woman. "I think life
is worth living."
The Jewess turned with a little bow, a look of
unbelief on her face, and said: "Your secret,
pray!"
The young woman replied: "My secret is that
I have found a friend who comforts me in all my
sorrows, and delivers me out of all my troubles.
Ile is my companion through life."
"Will you introduce me to your friend?"
"With pleasure; I shall do so by means of a
book. Will you read it?"
"Yes; anything that will tell me of your friend
who can heal one's sorrows."
"Then wait a minute, while I fetch it."
The young woman brought a New Testament,
and said:
"This is the book."
"What is it? A New Testament! I have
never seen it before."
"Will you read it?"
"Most assuredly."

These conceptions of God (the later Biblical, prophetic
conceptions), which by comparison with those entertained
by other peoples, were of nn exalted character, even in
those early centuries, were enlarged, deepened, refined,
and spiritualized by the l'rophets in proportion as his-
torical events, both internal and external, induced a widen-
ing of their mental horizon and a deepening of their moral
perceptions.

When the Rev. Mr. Richardson took exception to the
primitive Hebrew conception of God he was, as Dr. Rec-
cord said, supported by all the reputable Bible stu-
dents." But Dr. Reccord might have added that he was
also supported by certain other reputable Bible stu-
dents, namely the Hebrew prophets, Amos, Hosea, Jere-
miah and Ezekiel. Their God was also a "Jewish God."

Henrietta Szold.

The story is still told how when Benjamin Szold,
rabbi and scholar, published his "Commentaries on
Job" he advertised in the "Hamagid" offering to send
the book free of charge to all who were interested in
the subject.
On another occasion, it is said, he received a hand-
some fee for a lecture and then turned it over to a pe-
nurious Hebrew poet.
Such a spirit of self-sacrifice is also characteristic
of his illustrious daughter, Henrietta Szold, now Ameri-
can representative on the Palestine Executive of the
World Zionist Organization, And in still another re-
spect she is like her father. She has sublime courage.
Benjamin Szold had the courage to announce himself
a Zionist as early as 1893, before the Zionist Society of
Baltimore, at a time when the very thought of Zionism
was heresy to the rabbinate.
Returning to America recently Miss Szold declared:

I am certain that the Jews of America, particularly
those who have contributed to the Palestine funds in pre-
vious years, will co-operate with us now that American
Zionists have been given a great share in the administra-
tion of Zionist affairs in Palestine. Failure at the moment
is unthinkable.

"Failure at this moment is unthinkable." That is
the spirit of Henrietta Szold. That has been her spirit
all through her career as a Zionist leader. Courage is
not always a virtue, but when, as in Henrietta Szold, it
is combined with intelligence and foresight it is a doub-
le virtue. In all her Zionist work in America, as secre-
tary of the Federation of American Zionists, as founder
of the American Zionist Medical Unit, as secretary of
education of the Zionist Organization of-America and
as the moving spirit, the honorary president of the
Ha-
dassah. Henrietta Szold has revealed a high order of
executive talent. Hers is perhaps a more consistently
succesful career than that of any other American Zion-
ist leader. As one of the so-called "triumvirate" in Pal-
estine she can be depended upon to throw her tremen-
dous influence always on the side of economy, efficiency
and sound financing. Miss Szold is eminently fitted to
represent American Zionism on the Palestine Execu-
tive. And not only American Zionism but American
Jewry as a united whole.

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And like all good stories, this one ended happily by
the Jewess reading the New Testament and becoming a
good Christian. Well, that's n,ore than the New Testa-
ment has been able to do for u few hundred million
Gentiles.

Begging letters are still coming from Jerusalem.
They are a little overdue, but I presume the senders fig-
ure in these matters that a late "touch" is better than
no touch at all. I imagine that they obtain fairly com-
plete lists of the "givers" in the United States and then
bombard them with appeals during the high holidays.
I must say for them that they have a system. They only
send out their S. 0. S. letters one month in the year.
And if business is good they can retire until the follow.
ing year.

So we have with us the conductor of the Palestine
Opera, who informs us that opera is as popular in Pales-
tine as the cinema is here in the United States. Morchay
Golinkin, the leader in question, says that the best seats
sell for $2.50, and critics say the performances are of a
high order. "Faust" and "Aida" are the favorites. The
operas are sung in Hebrew. Mr. Golinkin ieseeking to
lake about $200,000 to build an opera house in Jerusa-
lem or Tel Aviv. There should be no trouble about that.
All he needs is Otto Kahn's telephone number.

I wonder if Time isn't jazzing this news item a bit
too much. It reports a Yom Kippur incident in this
fashion:

At Toledo, one Andrew Cohen went to Rabbi
Joseph S. Kornfeld early Yom Kippur morning,
full of anguish. The rabbi knew that he (Cohen)
was shortstop for the Buffalo baseball nine, cham-
pions of the international League. The rabbi
knew that the Buffalos were playing that day with
the American Association's champion Toledo team
for the minor league championship of the world;
that Toledo had four wins to Buffalo's one; that
Andrew Cohen's mates would suffer mentally and
possibly financially if he could not play. Was
there no dispensation in Judaism?
Rabbi Kornfeld, President Harding's friend
and one-time (1921) Minister to Persia, proved
himself a sympathetic latitudinarian on 'tom Kip-
pur, most solemn of Jewish days. Continuing his
own fast, he fixed Shortstop Cohen a nourishing
smack and sent him forth to paly shortstop for
Buffalo.

If the foregoing is true, then it seems to me that
some rabbis are destroying some of the respect that is
due the holiest day in the year. Even to give a macazine
like Time an excuse to write of it in the way it does is
itself an injury to the American rabbinate. Unless Time
has complete justification for its report, the editors should
take more time before they rush into print.

By WILLIAM Z. SPIEGELMAN.

Jewish life in western countries
annot be measured on the basis of
veryday observation. Should it be
subjected to such a scrutiny it
could justify a dark, pessimistic
iew. Loosely organized communi-
ties, weakly functioning organiza-
tions, divergence of opinion, splits,
currents and undercurrents all
seem to destroy the totality of the
picture.
What a different view one may
obtain when the High Holiday sea-
son comes around. The seating ca-
pacity of the permanent syna-
gogue:: is overtaxed, an intense
building activity reaches its climax
where operations were started be.
fore and new plans are formulated
for the future, halls are hired, even
though for pecuniary purposes,
where the traditional tunes are
heard again and where multitudes
conic to pray and to take stock of
individual as well as group inter-
ests.
The sudden growth is ascribed to
the "one day synagogue Jew," usu-
ally spoken of in derision.
He is a familiar type, that "year
end Jew." You cannot find him all
year round. It seems as if he had
lost his identity and the hope is
small of gaining his re-affiliation
with a group in whose membership
few privilege's are apparent but
many duties are expected. All the
efforts and all the ingenuity of the
campaigners for all Jewish organ-
izations hardly suffice to reach that
proverbial "year end" Jew.
As the year turns, the synagogue
accomplishes this task miraculous-
ly. It needs no campaign, it needs
no ingenious means, it offers no in-
ducements, it accords no privilege
except the one of a response to a
call of conscience. And it works.
the most disorganized and the hard-
est population to reach in any con-
certed effort, changes its inspect on
Yom Kippur. Traffic is lessened
by a half. Stores, offices, amuse-
ment places which seem never to
close, lock their doors us by the
touch of a magic wand. The Side-
walks of New York, the subject of
song, are partly deserted when the
age-old Hebrew prayers are being
recited either in their original or in
their latest translation.
The ingenious campaign direc-
tors of the various national and lo-
cal Jewish organizations who, as it
seems, have at times outdone them-
selves, may still learn a lesson or
two from the fathers of the syn-
agogue.
The "year end" Jew is usually
spoken of with scorn. It is a wrong
attitude to take. There are great
potentialities in this type of Jew,
whose interest and devotion is
there, but is latent. One must
agree with the learned editorial
miter of the Jewish Morning Jour-
nal when he points out that the tra-
ditional Jewish view of the "one
day" Jew was not as severe as one
might he inclined to believe. Ju-
daism is complacent with all those
who awaken to the call of the con-
science, even when it is only once
in every 365 days.
The fact that the Yom Kippur
services are not begun until an im-
provised court of three issues per-
mission for the Avaryanim to par-
ticipate in the services, is evidence
that although the "one-day" Jew is
not admired, he is not barred.

Dr. Judah L. Magner, chancellor
of the Hebrew University on Mount
Scopus, has again returned to
America.
That an American Jew is at the
head of the Hebrew University is
and should he a source of pride to
American Jewry. It would be
doubly pleasing to American Jews
that this post is occupied by as pop-
ular and beloved a figure as Dr.
Magnes is among Jews and non-
Jews in America. He brings the
glad tidings of considerable pro-
Kress made by that Jewish institu-
tion for higher learning. During
the past year, although it was bad-
ly affected by the earthquake, the
university has made considerable
strides forward. In all of its de-
partments, the Department of
Mathematics, the Department of
Chemistry, the Department of Mic-
robiology, the Department of Hy-
giene, the Department for Oriental
Studies, the Department of Pales-
tine Topography, research work
was continued and considerable
contributions to these sciences were
made.
More apparent and of greater
appeal to American Jews, however,
must be the work of the Institute
for Jewish Studies, which was be-
gun by the magnificent fund of Fe-
lix Si. Warburg and the contribu-
tion of Mrs. Sol Rosenbloom, who
donated $500,000 for the erection
of a building to house the institute.
This institute is fulfilling a dream
of many an enlightened Jewish
mind. Its publications of research

work in Jewish history and litera
tare are real treasures to scholars
and laymen interested in the sub
jest.
The second volume of the publica-
tions of the Hebrew University in
Jerusalem, recently off the press,
is a testimony to the spirit of echo].
any research which handles .)swish
values with piety and understand-
ing. The work of this department
in editing the ancient texts and in
shedding light upon phases of Jew-
ish cultural development in its var-
ious branches encourages one t i
hope that a real Wiseenschaft des
Judentums, based on the authentic
sources and pursued without the
bias so frequently observed in the
writings of non-Jewish scholars,
will be developed on Mount Sco-
pus.
The university, Dr. Magner re-
ports, is now introducting several
departments for undergraduate in-
struction. The university which is
dear to all shades of Jews, Zionist
and non-Zionist, Reform and Or-
thodox, has a building program
which will require the expenditure
of $800,000 during the next two
years. It is to be hoped that the
American Advisory Committee for
the Hebrew University and Dr.
Magnes will meet with a ready re.
spouse to continue and expand this
real vital work among all classes of
Jews, even among the "year end"
Jews.

Twenty-three Yiddish theaters
have opened their deers to Yiddish
theater-goers in New York and
elsewhere this season. Those who
predicted the demise of the Yiddish
stage with the enactment of the
Johnson Immigration Law seem to
have been premature in their prog-
nostications. The native Yiddish
stage, which has produced so much
talent, continues to held out its at-
traction to the New York Jew, As
the years progress, the Yiddish
stage comes closer to the adjust-
ment which it so sorely needed. In
a way, the survival of the Yiddish
theater is an indication of the in-
herent Jewish love for his original
drama, even the East European
folk lore, without regard to the
form in which it is presented.
Things have progressed to such
an extent that the Yiddish stage
and the Broadway stage are in clos-
er relationship than ever before,
the latter frequently borrowing tab
ant from the former. The adjust-
ment which threw many into ex-
treme pessimism and others into
unwarranted hilarity is making
headway.
A new note into this variety of
tones will be introduced this sea-
son by the Ilabima, the Hebrew
players of Moscow, who came here
last year as a guest troupe.
Following internal changes, the
troupe has now been reorganized
on an American basis and will ven-
ture forth with new courage in the
Neighborhood Playhouse where an
interesting repertoire, including
new and old plays in Hebrew, is
promised.

The Zionist movement at the be-
ginning om the season seems still
to be sailing in the waters of un-
certainty. The members of the
American delegation to the Fif-
teenth Zionist Congress are divided
in their view as to the completeness
of the decisions taken there.
The election of Miss Henrietta
Szold to the .lerusalem triumvirate
gave expression to the importance
in which American Zionist partici-
pation is being viewed by the Zion-
ist constituencies all over the
world. The policy of economy and
retrenchment was the last of the
evils that were made necessary by
the existing situation. The move-
ment seems to have reached a turn-
ing point. It is obvious that re-
trenchment and economy in itself
will not advance the goal toward
which true Zionists aim. Some-
thing more than efficiency and the
cutting of the budget will be neces-
sary to further the development of
the Jewish National Home. In pre-
vious years, as the season of ac-
tivities began, the plans for Zion-
ist efforts were mapped out and
were well under way. At present
nothing except rough outlines are
visible.
Those who follow the affairs of
the Zionist movement closely unan-
imously agree that the movement
is now passing through a transition
period which will require the bend-
ing of all energies to make the turn
safely.
The first group of the American
experts of the Joint Palestine Sur-
vey Commission, with Dr. Elwood
Mead at its head, has returned.
Their report will be completed soon,
paving the way for the Jewish
Agency with the co-operation of
Zionists and non-Zionists, to step
into the Palestine situation.

7

Report Tells of Hias Activities

Prepare Jews for Emigration.

The Hebrew Sheltering and Inn- tries be located, and in 259 case
migrant Aid Society of America the relatives were found.
(Was), 425 Lafayette street, New
In Lithuania, Latvia, Roumania
York City, has just issued a very and other countries, similar activi-
interesting report of what has been ties have been carried on, the sta-
accemplished during the past six
recording
months in connection with the new ly tistics
he made
public. which will sheet-
activities undertaken in conjunc-
In
Poland,
Latvia, Roumania and
tam with the Jewish Colonization
France, 350 emigrants, have been
Aswiation and the United Jewish placed upon the land where they
Emigration Committee. The re- are being trained in farm work to
port deals with work in emigration enable
them to take up that occu-
lands and activities in countries to
which Jewish wanderers are going. nation in the countries to which
they are
In various
In Poland, 1 0 ,5511 emigrants ap- such an Kovno, Riga and Kiehineff,
plied to the local bureaus for infors courses for chauffeurs as well as
mation and aid. They were claefti- instruction for iron workers and
fled as follows: skilled artieans and smiths are being conducted.
laborers 5119; unskilled laborers The language courses have been
11.',5; farm laborers 365; small mer- very euccesful.
These courses in
chants 677: professional 153; 3,581, Spanish and English cover
a period
which number includes women and of threee months. In Poland, 150
children, without occupation. 1,457 have availed themselves of this
applicants asked that their rela-
eerviee; in Roumania 40; in Lat.,
tines in America and in other coon-
via 4 1); and in Lithuania 20.

going.

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