&ILFL4
g 01TELL% S
PAGE TWELVE
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11
.
Holiday Greetings.
A Happy New Year to You.
e Wish You All a Happy New Year.
Wholesale and Retail
PAINTS — MIRRORS — GLASS
PAINTERS' SUPPLIES
PHONE 5363.
It l
Flint, alichigan.
al
S
a'
JOHN ZILLICH
A Happy and Prosperous New Year to Our
Jewish Friends and atrims.
1117 Stewart Avenue
Flint, Michigan.
Phones 6106-2031-W
Everything Electrical
Telephone 8764
W. J. WAY
Local and Long Distance Moving.
Also Piano Moving.
An Work Guaranted.
Office: 213 South Sawinaw St., at Woodman Hall
Residence: 1123 South Saginaw St.
Phones: Residence, 6198-M; Office, 5431.
Flint, Michigan.
Greetings of the Season.
MICHIGAN LUMBER
& FUEL COMPANY
"GOOD LUMBER FOR GOOD HOMES"
"HIGH GRADE COAL AND COKE"
I
1919 Clifford
Phones 3427, 3428
Flint, Miahigan.
•
A Happy New Year to You.
CALL 1884
-- For --
•
Treeman , $
FLINT, MICH.
"The Best" Milk —
Fresh Churned Butter
Quality Ice Cream.
Season's Greetings.
,' Bridgman Dairy Co.
i
Distributors of Glendale Farm Product..
High Grade Pasteurized Milk.
Cream, Butter and Cottage Cheese.
1511 North Saginaw St.
Phones 8786-8787
Flint, Michigan.
A Happy New Year to You.
SMITH
FLORAL
CO.
For Courteous Service Call
721 Evergreen Street
claim, as he fell in battle and the
Persian Jews had to pay the pen-
alty of their credulity. Times of
misfortune are peculiarly prone to
produce hopes of redemption, and
with the coming of the Crusades
a plentiful crop of Jewish Messiahs
made their appearance. One ap-
peared in France after the terrible
massacres of the First Crusade in
1087.
.
The Season's Greetings.
The K. & N. Shop
Mohawk Tires — Vulcnniaing — Batteries and Service .
Stewart-Warner Radios — Speedometer and Products Service .
Mobiloils.
GASOLINE, OILS AND GREASES
1516 Detroit St. Phone 6576-J
1901 Corunna Road. Phone 5592
Flint, Michigan.
New Year Greetings.
Michigan
Coal and Oil Co.
Coal and Coke -- Red Comet Coal
Only a 111)4,1
■
.1 Ash to the Ton.
Phones 1333-4545
712 Kearaley St.
Flint, Mich.
•
•
A Happy New Year to You All.
Bill Blanchard
Paint, Varnish, Tools
and Hardware.
1102 NORTH SAGINAW STREET
Phone 5985.
Flint, Michigan.
•
We Wish All Our Patrons and Friends a
Happy and Prosperous New Year.
SCHUMACHER
BROTHERS
REALTORS
Real Estate—Property Management---Building
General Insurance.
307 Genesee Bldg.
Telephone 322
Flint, Michigan.
A Happy New Year to You.
Rosh Hashonah Greetings.
Season's Greetings.
AMBULANCE
Flint, Michigan
he laid claim to that office by sol-
emnly pronouncing the Tetragram-
maton. He betook himself to
Greece and afterwards to Egypt,
gaining adherents at every congre-
gation he visited, owing to his im-
pressive appearance and enthusias-
tic nature. At Cairo he became
united in marriage to a young Pol-
ish girl, whose life had been as ad-
venturous as his own, and she on
her part had always declared that
she would marry none but the
Messiah, though previous to her
meeting Sabbatai she had lived by
her charms. Her influence brought
a licentious element into the move-
ment which for a time at least
added to its attractions. At length
Sabbatai was publicly proclaimed
Messiah on New' Year's Day, 1665,
in the synagogue at Smyrna, to the
sound of rani's horns, the whole
congregation rising and saying,
"Long live our King, our Messiah."
His fame began to spread beyond
Jewish circles, and one finds even
in English pamphlets of the period
references to the expected coming
of the Jewish Messiah. Indeed,
Sabbatai's pretensions attracted
exceptional attention in London, to
which the Jews had so recently re-
turned. Jacob Sasportas, who had
been chief rabbi of London, ex-
erted all his influence against the
new movement, but in vain, Olden-
burg, secretary of the newly-
founded Royal Society of London,
wrote to Spinoza that all the world
was talking of a rumor of the Is-
raelites. Indeed, throughout all
the Jewish communities of east
and west preparations were made
for the return which was confi-
dently expected for the year 1666.
•
FUNERAL DIRECTORS
Kw,.
that supernatural claims have
arisen. The Kabbala began its tri-
umphant career in Judaism in the'
thirteenth century, and one of its
chief opponents, Abraham Abu-
lafia, towards the end of his ad-
venturous career, claimed in Sicily
in so many words, to be the Mes-
siah promised in Scripture, and
prophesied the year 1290 as the
era of Restoration. He seems,
however, to have found more •
credence among Christians than
Jews, and retired in dudgeon to
Comino, a small island near Malta.
The fateful year 1290 brought no
redemption to Israel, but only an
increased persecution in the ex-
pulsion of the Jews from England,
and Abulafia died or disappeared
in the following year. Two of his
followers, however, took up the
role of Messiah, and one of them
succeeded in inducing the congre-
gation of Avila to dress them-
selves in their burial clothes and
await in the synagogue on the last
day of Tammuz, 1295, the trumpet
blast which should announce the
beginning of the Messianic Era.
Needless to say the final trump
was not heard on that occasion.
Nearly a century later another
Spanish Kabbalist, Moses Botarel,
announced himself as the Messiah,
and prophesied the beginning of
his triumph for Nissan, 1393.
The twelfth century saw no
fewer than four of these pseudo-
Messiahs. We owe our knowledge
of three of these to the great Mai-
monides. In 1171 a Jew claiming
to be the Messiah had appeared
among the Jews of Yemen, who
accordingly wrote to Maimonides
to ask his advice. He wisely rec-
ommended them to give no cred-
ence to the imposter, and in his
It was the pressure of the Ro- reply states: "Forty-five years ago
mans that brought out the earliest (i. e. in 1117), a man arose in
of these Jewish Messiahs. It is a Fez who gave himself out as her-
question whether Judas of Galilee, ald of the Messiah, pretending that
who headed a revolt against the the latter would appear in the
Romans in A. D. 7, was assisted by same year; his words, however,
There seems to be a general law
any Messianic hopes connected were not fulfilled, and the Jews
with him; but there is no doubt only suffered fresh sorrows. About which causes these Jewish Mes-
,
sighs
to appear in batches, and
that Theudas, who was equally 10 years before that (1107) a man
successful in trying to throw off had arisen in Spain, Cordova, who these generally appear after some
the Roman yoke about 50 A. D. represented himself as the Mes- great misfortune. Thus we cannot
claimed divine powers, for he led siah, and it wanted but little that fail to connect with the expulsion
his followers down to the Jordan this did not produce the ruin of from Spain the appearance in 1502
with the assurance that his mere Jews." The Cordovian Messiah of Asher Lemlein at Istria as a
seems to have counted among his forerunner of the Messiah in Italy.
word would part the waters. In
an Egyptian Jew collected to- adherents the great poet Jehudu For a whole year many Jews of
But at this moment the Turkish
gether a crowd, numbering, ac- Ilalevi, one of whose finer odes Italy and Germany devoted them- authorities became aware of the
cording to Josephus, 30,000 Jews, was prompted by the Messianic selves to preparation or the holy possible danger attaching to the
and promised them that the walls hopes which the imposter aroused. time coming, and were only dis- movement, and Sabbatai was sum-
The best known Jewish Messiah illusioned when the "Year of
of Jerusalem would fall down at
. Re- moned to Constantinople. Here he
his bare word, and that they should of that century was David Alroy,
was cast into prison by the sultan's
any
signs
of
redemption.
Twenty-
enter and possess the city. The whose meteoric career attracted
orders, and after a few month's the
two years later there appeared whole movement subsided and Sab-
procurator Felix intercepted him the attention of Benjamin Disraeli.
upon the scene one of the most re-
with his troops before he could as- He suffered the usual fate of these
batai became converted to Islam
claims to Messiahship, and was markable of Jewish adventurers. and was appointed doorkeeper to
cend the Mount of Olives.
There came to Italy a stranger
It does not appear that the first brought before the Persian Sultan
the sultan. Ile still kept up in a
from the east who claimed to be
fall of Jerusalem under the Ro- of the period. Legend declares
feeble way his pretensions to the
the brother of the king of the lost Messiahship, but died abandoned
mans was due to any outbreak of that he freed himself from prison
Ten Tribes. His name, he said,
[ Messianic zeal, but its second and by magical means. But in his case
and neglected in 1676. Notwith-
was David, and being of the Tribe standing his death his claims were
I final conquest under Hadrian was imposture led to further impos-
of Reuben he is known in Jewish
undoubtedly connected with the ture. Two mysterious strangers
still kept alive by many followers,
history as David Reubeni. He and even spread widely through
appeared
with
credentials
from
remarkable career of the adven-
turer who was first called Bar- him at Baghdad, and declared that came as an ambassador from his I Cordova. For fifty years after his
b rother, so he said, in order to en- death his adherents formed them-
kochba, "Son of a Star" and whose he had appointed a certain day for
list the help of Christian kings for selves into a new sect known as
want of success caused him to be the flight of all Jews of Baghdad
descent
upon the Holy land. His the Chassidim or Pious Ones.
to
Jerusalem.
They
were
to
as-
known among the people as Bar-
advent roused Messianic hopes
kosiba, "Son of Lies." Yet he was semble in the night on the roofs
But even when the supply of
throughout
all Jewry, and a cham-
of
their
houses
dressed
in
green
certainly greeted by R. Akiba, the •
berlain of the king of Portugal, Messiahs was not equal to the de-
noblest Jew of his time, as the robes, and at the appointed signal
Dingo Pires by name, was so im- mand caused by persecution, Jews
would
be
given
the
power
to
fly
to
Messiah promised in Num. xxiv.,
pressed by David Reubeni that he have continued to expect a re-
18. The terrible punishment which the Holy City. When the night ar-
openly assumed the religion of his demption throughout the ages, and
the Romans took for the revolt of rived they consulted the two emis-
ancestors, called himself Solomon the great Zuns has, with his usual
Barkochba was a severe lesson for saries of Alroy what to do with
si the Jews, and for nearly seven cen- their property, and these under- Molcho, and fled to the east, where erudition, given a list of no less
he attracted the attention and than 86 dates (Ges. S•hr. iii., 225-
turies they refused to listen to any took to guard it. All night was
spent on the roofs, and when day hopes of the large Kabbalistic cir- 31) on which Messiahs were pro-
Messianic claims.
cles. He even gained a convert in phesied and expected. Sandia
broke
the
enthusiasts
found
the
In 720, a Syrian Jew, Serenus
the great Talmudic authority, Jos- fixed the year of hope in 964,
by name, promised as Messiah to two rogues had decamped with all
eph Caro, the compiler of the Rashi in 1352. In 1211 no less
the
property
entrusted
to
them.
I
recover the Holy Land and free
Shulchan Aruch. Venturing back than 600 rabbis from England and
the Jew, from the yoke of Islam. The date was ever afterward:
to Italy he was seized by the In -' France traveled to Jerusalem be-
known
to
the
Jews
of
Baghdad
as
I .• . .
Even the Spanish Jews, who had
pervert, and p ut b cause they expected the coming of
only recently come under the yoke, the Flying tear.
the Messiah in the following year.
death at Mantua, 1532.
We
next
hear
of
a
Jewish
Mes-
of their own free will, listened
The Sohar, as we' have seen, fixed
I
But the most celebrated and In
with eagerness to his promise!, siah in the year of 1286, when the
upon the fateful year 1648, or as
fluential
of
Jewish
Messiahs
wa
and suffered the usual disappoint- mere rumor of the appearance of
Ito appear in the next century in an alternative 1840. The year 1900
' ment when Serenus was captured such a claimant to divine honors
was one of the dates on which
the
person
of
Sabbatai
Zevi,
son
by Caliph Omar II. Only 30 years caused quite an exodus of Jewish
Jewish hopes had been fixed. Hope
. of a rich Jewish merchant o
later similar pretensions were put Rabbis and pious men from Ger
was
springs eternal in Israel's breast
r
Smyrna,
who
born
on
the
fate
ri ch the venerable R Mei
forth by a Jew of Ispanhan named
t ful day that lost Jerusalem to the for the day when his woe shall be
Rothenburg
at
their
head.
its
of
Obaiah. It is true he only claimed
r
at
an end. Disappointment after
.
Jews,
the
ninth
of
Ab,
in
the
yea
to be a sort of Mandi of Judaism, the emperor got wind of the pro
5 1(126. Ile became early impressed disappointment has not succeeded
but as he asserted that this posi- p osal and arrested R. Meir and hi
in
quenching the sacred fire which
s
with
Kabbalistic
views,
and
in
tion was of equal merit with that train, in order to prevent the los
1648, the very year in which the has done so much to give an ideal
I of the Messiah, he may fairly be of so many of his lucrative sub Sohar, the text of Kabbala, de - tinge to the otherwise sordid his-
accounted as one of the Jewish jects. But it has always been from
dared the Messiah would appear , tory of persecuted Israel.
Messiahs that failed to prove his the troubled sources of mysticism
Algoe Gundry co
Flowers for All Occasions.
Telephone 2336
Michigan.
•
By JOSEPH JACOBS
It is a mistake to think that
there has been only one occasion
on which a Jew has claimed or
been claimed to be the Messiah
prophesied in the Hebrew Scrip-
tures. Scarcely a century has
elapsed, during the Christian era,
at any rate, in which some Jew
has not appeared and claimed to
be the one who was to restore the
Holy Land to Israel and peace to
the world. Nothing indeed has
shown the tenacity with which the
Messianic hope has lived on in Is-
rael like the persistent way in
S which it revives from time to time
after it has been disappointed,
when some meteoric Messiah has
passed across the scene of history
and disappeared again. It may be
of interest to refer briefly to the
most brilliant of these meteors.
"We Fool the Rain and Sun."
1029 Industrial Ave.
Flint, Michigan.
They Have Been Many, and Their Activities Varied.
The Season's Greetings.
AWNINGS - TENTS
Telephone 789
441 Harrison Street
1
Headquarters for Campers' Supplies.
Complete I.ine of Supplies.
Jewish Messiahs
•
FLINT TENT &
AWNING CO.
Cel,truction and Wiring. Chandeliers and Mazda lamps.
Flint, Michigan.
I
The Season's Greetings.
J. E. SILLS
ELECTRIC CO.
PHILADELPHIA DIAMOND GRID
BATTERY
COAL
•
e
WESTENFELD
& WIEBECK
f
Flint, Michigan.
728 Garland Street, Flint, Mich.
A Happy New Year.
A Happy New Year to You.
Telephone 6050
1211 North Saginaw St.
PHONE 4600
908 ANN ARBOR STREET
Telephone 3594
Flint, Michigan.
J. REMINGTON, Mgr.
E.
DRY CLEANING CO.
Interior Decorating, Painting
Wall Paper.
2905 Michigan Avenue
FLINT GLASS & PAINT CO.
LEWIS
0. E. Wehling& Son
'I
Best Wishes for a Happy New Year.
FLORIST
We Clean Anything from Gloves to Garments.
112 Weat Kearsley St.
ifIRONICLII
E. P. ROSE
THE PAINTER
Mimax Lacquer Refinishers.
PHONES 113 AND 114
331 Stone Street, Corner First Avenue. Phone 1988
703 Beach St.. Corner Third, Flint. Mich.
FLINT, al ICH IG AN
John Ritter - Florist
rt•
Cut Flowers for All Occasions. Potted Plants and d
Full Line of Vegetable Plants.
"Say It With Ritter's Flowers."
1804 Lewis Place, near Lewis St.
Telephone 2971
Flint, Michigan.
I
New Year's Greetings.
Rosh Hashonah Greetings.
Holiday Greetings.
AREHARTBROS.
MURPHY - HURLEY
Charles R. Adair
AUTO PAINTERS
DUCO AND LACQUER FINISH
• Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers
4521North Saginaw St.
FLINT, MICHIGAN
♦
Phone 6971-J
COMPANY
REALTORS
General Real Estate and
308 Genesee Bank Bldg.
Flint, Michigan.
Insurance.
Telephone 875
A Happy. New Year to You.
Real Estate Securities Bought and Sold.
Farm and City Loans.
Insurance.
413 - 414 F. P. Smith Bldg.
Flint. Michigan.
Emanuel J. Ludwig
General Insurance — Surety Bonds
Te I ephone 4360
1012 - 1013 Genesee Bank Bldg.
Flint. Michigan.
Telephone 6669