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Restating An Old Question.

THE DETROIT JEWISH ARON

Dr. Isaac Goldberg, the distinguished biographer,
translator and critic, was represented in the July issue
of The Reflex with an intimate essay entitled "Non
Credo, A Fragment of a Spiritual Autobiography."
Dr. Goldberg's spiritual adventures will be familiar
to many of us, although they are more poignant than
those of the average Jew. His article covers many inter-
esting points but certain of his remarks anent Zionism
arrest our attention at this time. Says Dr. Goldberg:

Published Week'', by The Jewish Chronicle Publishing Co., Inc

President
_Secretary and T

JOSEPH I. CUMMINS
JACOB H. SCHAKNE

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Mich., under the Act of March 3, 11479.

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The Detroit Jewish Chronicle invite, correspondence on eubjeeta of Interest to
Out Jewish people, hot disclaims responsibility for an Indorsement of the view.

expre“ed by the writer..

Ab 14, 5687

August 12, 1927

Two Wise Men of Zion.

The Conference on Jewish Rights which will be held
in Zurich, August 17 to 20, and the participation Of
Jews in the forthcoming Geneva Congress of National
Minorities have been the cause of significant differences
of opinion between Jews, in America and in Europe.
There has been a definite split hi the ranks of Jewish
leadership on the fundamental question: Shall Jews
acting as political minorities hold international confer-
ences for the protection of their rights? A moment's
glance at the line-up of those who favor the conference
and those who-oppose it, reveals a striking difference of
temperament and outlook between the individuals who
compose the two groups. Those who have expressed
their views on the conference have, as it were, uncon-
sciously classified themselves.
No Jewry in the world offers a better opportunity
to study these differences of Jewish temperament than
American Jewry, for American Jewry is really a loose
coagulation of all the Jewries in the world. And in
America two personalities dominate the controversy,
Louis Marshall and Dr. Stephen S. Wise, the former
opposing the conference and the latter favoring it.
From all that has been said it is clear that to Mr.
Marshall the Jews are fundamentally a religious group
like any other religious group—like the Catholic Chris-
tians, for example. And, like the members of any other
religious group, they are citizens or subjects of the
y n
country in which they live. As such, the Jews may act
as a group for the welfare of their interests as members
of the Jewish faith, but, politically, they fall into the
current classifications of the body politic. If their rights
as a religious group, or as a racial group, (since Mr.
Marshall also conceives the Jews as a race) are • eop-
ardized, they can have recourse to the laws of the
country in which they live. Any united, international
action on the part of Jews is, according to his view,
unwise and even dangerous.
The Jewish Tribune was stating a similar view when
it declared editorially that "Jewish world conferences
are risky things," that "a false interpretation may be
placed on such conferences," and that they "may bring
to mind the myttid of world-dominion." That last objec-
tion referred, of course, to that pet accusation of anti-
Semitism, the "International Jew" and "The Protocols
of the Wise Men of Zion."
To Dr. Wise, on the other hand, the Jews are some-
thing more than a religious group. They are also a
political group—not because he, Dr. Wise, or, for that
matter any.other Jew, would have them so, but simply
because they are treated as such by politicians and gov-
ernments. And, since the Jews are regarded as a polit-
e ical minority by the governments under which they
live, Dr. Wise is willing to accept the classification and
act accordingly. Since nations and their governments
have, of late, decided to convene with one another for
the discussion of their mutual, international relations,
he sees no objection to the Jewish minorities meeting
for the discussion of their mutual, international rela-
tions. He realizes, of course, that many of the questions
that are likely to be discussed at such conferences touch
problems of national policy that the nation in question
may presume to regard as its own private affair. But it
is his contention that no question touching the "inalien-
able rights" of man can be construed as the private
affair of any nation. As he himself has expressed it:

That we have attempted to interfere in the internal
affairs of another nation or country has been the favorite
Pretext and belabored counter-charge of every anti-Semite,
of every enemy of human freedom and justice. But the
truth of the matter is and always has been that we have
sought only to defend the elementary and legitimate rights
of ill-treated human beings and to ward off further assaults
upon innocent victims of intolerance and cruelty.

And. by way of refuting the arguments of those who
oppose the conference, he remarks:

Only the mo-t shameful timidity, not to use an uglier
term, should deter us from keeping up our fight here and
abroad, wherever we ran make right-minded men and
women stop and think and give heed to the awful fate
which is being visited upon the Jews of Roumania and of
other lands.
If this work cannot be 'done without fear and trembling,
without absurdly hypersensitive apprehensions, then all
men fighting against wrong and injustice will have to
cease, and we will have to declare that cruelty and oppres-
sion must go on, because, if we take action against them,
our motives may, forsooth, be misconstrued.
To say that we cannot meet to relieve the distress of
our brethren or to help them attain their rights an guar-
anteed by national and international law, is to say that
the Zionist Congress and that all other important world-
wide activities and assemblies must be abolished because
of the ancient and ignoble fear, "mah yomru hagoyim."

Ilere, briefly stated, we have the gist of the contro-
versy. It will be apparent at once to every Jew who is
familiar with the many-sided Jewish question, that the
differences of opinion that divide American Jewish lead-
ership on the question of the conference have their
roots in the deep, dark soil of temperament and train-
ing. Both views are historically Jewish. Yet each be-
trays a distinctly different social and mental training
superimposed upon a distinctly different intellectual
background.
This is not the place to enter upon a detailed analy-
sis of these mutually antagonistic points of view and
their historical and intellectual backgrounds. We have
space here to offer only a hint to the thoughtful. Is it
not possible that in the divergent views of these two
outstanding personalities in American Jewry we may
be witnessing a dramatized version of two antagonistic
Jewish philosophies? And does it throw any light on
the matter to observe that the two embattled champions
of these philosophies are Louis Marshall of Syracuse,
New York, and Stephen Samuel Wise of Budapest,
Hungary?

•

.49.13:949

•

•419.

I cannot say that I am an anti-Zionist; I like to know
fully what I oppose. I ani certainly not a pro, however.
Zionism strikes me as it sentimental regression, whether
personal or historical. Nations have been born and have
died while the nationless Jew has persisted. . . .
The Jew, con.sidered in the light of modern ideals, has
been chosen for the tragic leadership toward international-
ism. He is, geographically and not in any vain, self-im-
portant sense, already a super-nation, an internation. Ile
has crossed those frontiers which, as the poet may remind
him, exist only on the soil and not in heaven. Ile is the
racial blue-print of the new Internationale. . .
A world that has gradually effected the amalgamation
of rival states into harmonious nations will eventually
achieve the greater amalgamation of nations into a harmo-
nious vaster unit. Empires have already done so, through
the cold-blooded employment of force ntajeur. One way
or another, if only through economic realistic, the miracle
will take place. The place for the Jew, as I see it, is in
that struggle, and in the arts and sciences. Here is the
practical return to the universality of his dead, or dying re-
ligion. Religion, which cradled the arts, has already for
most intelligent people been absorbed by them.

In America today, as in the Germany of yesterday,
the genius of the Jewish people has found its way into
the arts and sciences rather than into the rabbinate or,
indeed, into any other branch of religious leadership.
The art of these Jewish artists and the science of these
Jewish scientists retains the unmistakable marks of
their Jewish mentality. Intelligent Jews the world over
may no longer profess belief in the Jewish faith, they
may no longer consider the Jews a race or a nationality.
But on one point there is almost a unanimity of opinion.
There is a Jewish mind—a distinctly Jewish caste of
thought. The contribution to civilization made by Jew-
ish artists and scientists constitute for Dr. Goldberg
their only mission as Jews. For that task the Jew has
been "chosen."
And he has also been chosen. says Dr. Goldberg, for
"'the tragic leadership toward internationalism." In
this work, too, we find the Jews today and some of our
best minds are devoted to it.
How this trend towards internationalism affects the
cause of Zionism among cultured Jews is an interest-
ing question and Dr. Goldberg has stated it frankly and
effectively. It is not a new question but it is important
at this time because the Zionist movement is not over-
abundantly supplied with intellectual leadership. It
would be well for Zionists to pause and reflect on the
question Dr. Goldberg raises: Is Zionism compatible
with the trend towards internationalism?

A Worthy Cause.

The Master Plumbers' Association last week do-
nated $2,000 to the Committee for Settling Orphans as
Farmers in Canada. This donation came as a welcome
addition to the resources of the committee which has
been badly in need of funds with which to continue its
work.
Readers of the Detroit Jewish Chronicle fire famil-
iar with the purposes anti aims of this committee. Its
aims and its achievements have been set forth in the
news pages of this paper from time to time. It is one
of the most inspiring works of practical philanthropy.
It deserves support. Yet it labors under great diffi-
culties.
There has been no public appeal for funds to help
this work along. Only a handful of people have car-
ried its burdens. Surely here is an opportunity for those
who desire to assist in a worthy work without waiting
for the excitement of a drive. A little money contrib-
uted to this cause will yield abundant results in social
amelioration.
Are there not perhaps some other groups of crafts-
men who would like to follow the example of the Mas-
ter Plumbers' Association and aid Jewish orphans in
their struggle to learn the oldest of all crafts?

Congratulations, Mr. Rosenwald.

Julius Rosenwald this Friday completes the sixty-
fifth year of his eventful and useful life.
Mr. Rosenwald, the Jews of Detroit give you greet-
ing. Pioneer in the art of intelligent giving, it was you
who opened the golden era of Jewish philanthropy in
America. Detroit Jewry joins with the Jewries of all
the world in giving you thanks for your many princely
bequests to the needy of all nations and races.
To those millions of our fellow men in America who
dwell in ghettos, whose lives are made bitter with the
poison of race hatred, whose story of oppression and
persecution is very like our own, you have come as a
bringer of light and a bearer of burdens. Hampton and
Tuskegee have built with the fruits of your giving.
Thousands of schools in the rural places of the South
have been erected through your bounty.
Your generosity has been health and healing to the
stricken peoples of Europe without discrimination as
to race.
You have placed the tools of peace in the hands of
your brethren in the agricultural colonies of the
Ukraine.
In philanthropy your name has become a symbol of
hope and fulfillment.
Detroit Jewry hails you on this your sixty-fifth
birthday as Prince of Givers. May the reward of your
giving be many more years of health and happiness.

Set An Example.

Zionists who have the welfare of the movement at
heart will be quick to respond to the appeals now being
made to them by the Zionist Organization. The local
Hadassah asks $5,000 and the Zionist Organization
asks life memberships at $100 each. These appeals are
made primarily to Zionists. The response to these ap-
peals will reveal the strength of the movement—at
least it will be so interpreted by many observers.
The last Zionist convention ended in what was in-
tended to be a peaceful accord between all groups in
the movement. The keynote was unity. It now remains
for the members of the Zionist Organization to give a
practical demonstration of that unity by subscribing the
amounts asked of them by their leaders. Non-Zionists
who customarily subscribe to the cause will no doubt
be affected by the results of these drives within the
ranks of the professed Zionists.

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Of course, it isn't much of a boom, I admit. And the
gentleman's name is Brendan O'Dwyer, which indicates
that he probably does not speak for the Protestant ma-
jority. Anyhow, it was encouraging to find in the last
paragraph of a letter he wrote to the Nation that

rc V0'6

The New Roumanian Government

What May the Jew Expect From It?

By I. YEV1N.

General Averescu's defeat came
quite unexpectedly. Behind the
scenes a military putsch was being
prepared and the Bratianu party
Furthermore, this country will eventually elect
had discovered and disclosed the
at Catholic President, casting aside the shackles of
Fascist conspiracy.
religious bigotry. it will then remain for a Jew
The news of the overthrow of the
to be elected to the highest office of the land, and
Averescu regime was received with
we shall have a realization of the true principles
relief by the whole population, in-
of Americanism, the principles of Thomas Jef-
cluding the Jews. The last few
ferson.
months the government had com-
pletely lost its head, and the country
Well, there are only two Jews in the country that I
was drifting into a state of an
know who would have the ghost of a chance, and both of
archy. The minister of the interior,
them are barred because of the fact that they are not
M. Goga, openly supported the stu-
native born--one is Nathan Straus and the other is Judge
dent rowdies and encouraged the
Josiah Cohen of Pittsburgh. Of course, there are one or
enemies of Israel even to bloodshed.
two other reasons why they couldn't be elected Presi-
Corruption and bribery devoured
dent, but it would be useless to discuss them. In the
the government funds, and it is said
meantime I thank Mr. O'Dwyer for the suggestion.
that the Averescu hirelings have
left a hole of 3,0(10,00(1 lei in the
treasury.
I knew that if "Abie's Irish Rose" ran long enough it
The coalition government under
would start something. Now my worst fears are realized.
Prince Stirbey, which succeeded the
The Irish Jews of America have organized! Imagine the
Averescu
government, roused new
confusion! And what a delicate position the officials of
hone in the people. It was thought
the Ancient Order of Ilibernians will be placed in when
that
the
country
was at last going
they are forced to decide when is an Irishman an
to enjoy a period of normal devel-
Irishman, and when is he a Jew. And will Irish
opment.
lint
after
two weeks of
Jews be given an invitation to participate in the St.
incessant quarreling between the
Patrick's day parade? For, after all, if St. Patrick really
liberals
and
the
national
peasants'
freed Ireland from snakes, it was just as much to the ad•
party, the government tollapsed
vantages of the Jews living in Ireland at that time as it
and we now have a liberal govern-
was to the other Irish. Therefore, logically, they should
ment firmly in the saddle with Bra-
show their appreciation. The organization of Irish Jews
tianu at its head. The country has
will admit any Jew who was born in Ireland or who lived
spoken at the elettions in no un-
there at least 10 years. Of course. no confusion is ex-
certain voice and the government
pected to result from the names of the members. They
has been returned with an over-
may have been born in Ireland, but they are not yet
whelming majority in parliament
O'Briens and O'Flahcrty's, but still remain Cohens and
and it still greater majority in the
levys. I arm inclined to believe that there are several
senate. This quick change govern-
thousand Irish Jews in this country, but they will have to
molt process has speeded up the
count 'em for me. The last census showed that Ireland
demoralization of the other parties.
had 5,000 Jews.
The Averescuatis of yesterday have
become the liberals of today, and
even some of the left parties, pa•-
You are permitted to worship God, but you mustn't
ticularly the peasants, have had
be too noisy about it. In New Jersey the other day a
serious defections. It is a way they
young minister was arrested because he and his congre-
have in Balkan politics. It is known
gation of "holy rollers," with their yelling and screeching
as pripturism (priptura in Rou-
until midnight on Sunday, kept their neighbors awake.
manian means "roast") and the
So the minister was arrested and promised to close his
rush for the spoils of office, for
holy show at 15 o'clock. So many well meaning persons
choice bits of "roast," so to speak,
seem to think that God is hard of hearing. F'requently
is
the most marked feature of Rou-
it silent prayer has more chance of being heard than those
manian political life. To leave one
which are shouted. God, of course, has many problems,
party
and join another is a very
but I should scarcely think it necessary for one to be-
common thing here and at present
come a contortionist in order to attract llis attention.
whole parties and groups are being
swallowed up by the mighty Iliati-
Good news ft, parents! And better for the children:
anu
While measles really do not belong to my department
in the Jewish ranks, too, the
yet I think that so many of my readers are directly and
change of government has caused
indirectly interested in the subject that anything which
a good deal of shifting and moving.
may be of encouragement to them should find a place in
At first there was talk about form-
this column. The measles germ has been isolated and
ing a Jewish national bloc for the
now the way is prepared for an anti-toxin or preventative
whole country. Then it was said
serum. The doctors at Tulane Medical School in New
that a special understanding would
Orleans will begin this work in the fall, and they assert
be arranged between all the minori-
they do not have the slightest doubt as to the success
ties. These plans all came to noth-
of the experiment. So another step has been taken in
ing, they broke against the wall of
the direction of prolonging life.
the reactionary electoral law and
there was so little time between the
In picking up an old copy of the Antidote, a journal
announcement of the elections and
published by the Friars in Peekskill, N. Y., I find this
the day of polling that any remain-
rather interesting paragraph, written by a Catholic nurse:
ing chance there might otherwise
have been was finally and definitely
scotched. Each group went out in
There is an old saying "convert a Jew and your
soul is saved," and it certainly ought to be, be-
search of an alliance, The Federa-
tion of Roumanian Jews entered
cause any one who can get into such an argument
and stay in it long enough to convince him that
into a bloc with the Bratianu party,
the
bourgeois democrats, headed by
the channels of his mind need deepening and
the Zionists, joined hands with the
widening, and then get out of that argument
democratic
peasants' party and the
safely and securely, is a model of human skill and
left wing united with the social
prowess, and such a one deserves to live the rest
democrats.
of his life on a generous bonus, as a reward for
his strenuous efforts! Why, I have even asked
What does the Bratianu govern-
a Jew if he desired to receive the Sacraments, and
ment mean for the Jews? No one
he didn't appear a bit insulted. But no matter in
here has forgotten the anti-Semit-
what way I tried further, it was impossible to take
ism of the Bratianu governments
advantage of the situation and push the little in-
of the past, and it is recalled that
cident to a satisfactory finish.
Professor Anghelesea, the "hang-
man" of the Jewish schools, is also
I agree with that nurse—anyone who can convert a
it member of the new Bratianu gov-
Jew to Christianity is surely entitled to a wonderful re-
ernment. Then there is one other
ward. I question whether one Jew out of a thousand
member of the new cabinet, the edi-
who is "converted" is ever converted except in name
tor of the anti-Semitic daily, "Uni-
only. Some (lay the Christian church will realize that,
versal," Stelian Popescu, whose in-
and then they will devote the hard-earned money of their
clusion does not hold much hope for
the Jews. It remains to he seen
communicants to some more practical purpose.
whether the promises made by the
government to the Jewish leaders
I am grateful to The Detroit Jewish Chronicle for
calling my attention indirectly to Messrs. Quick and
will he fulfilled.
Bean, the eminent grocery purveyors to the proletariat
The king is dead and the country
of Nashville, Mich. If Bean had gone into any other
is full of ominous rumors about the
but the grocery business I should never, never has- for-
plans of the Crown Prince Carol in
given him. You have seen those quick, jumping Mt ‘ican
Paris to organize a Fascist move-
beans? Well, here we have the same combination when
ment to seize the crown by blood
Mr. Bean selected his partner, Mr. Quick. Beans were
and teen. The whole groundwork
nut moving so quickly, FO Mr. Bean and Mr. Quick de-
of Roumania is unstable, and the
cided quickly on holding a sale. Which they did, and
general uncertainty of things adds
in order to spur on the hungry citizenship of Nashville
as always to the precariousness of
to move quickly, the firm advertised "Jew Prices." Trans-
the Jewish position.
lated, I presume that Quick and Bean meant by that
There is a feeling of depression
and anxiety among the Jews, and
expression that this time they really were giving values.
the new decrees issued in both the
"Jew prices" meaning, undoubtedly, "lower prices." The
cultural and the economic spheres
next time such an ad appears some one (night to get a
make matters still worse for the
beanshooter!
Jews. All the efforts of the Jewish
•
schools to obtain permission to hold
Some kind friend should take Charles Levine to one
examinations in the language of in-
side and whisper in his ear that unless he changes his
struction, Hebrew or Yiddish, have
tactics he will ii0 down in history as the world's most
failed. And Dr. Lupo, who was only
unpopular hero. I never knew such a man. Every morn-
the other day the leader of the
ing I find that Mr. Levine has had a falling out with
democratic
peasants' party and has
somebody the night before. It must be a habit with him.
become today a liberal minister,
The other day the managing editor of a big daily stopped
has
not
been
long in letting the
me and asked one "what's the matter with that fellow
Jews know how he stands. Do the
Levine?" Ile is certainly the fussy person. What he
Jews
think
I
have
entered the gov-
should do if he's smart enough is to stop falling out with
ernment for their sake, he has
other people and take a tumble to himself.
asked? Not a single Jewish teacher
has been passed for the coming
I notice that my good friend, the Rev. Dr. Albert C.
school year, and only a few days
Diffenbach, the brilliant Unitarian editor of the Christian
ago an order was issued to close all
Register, Boston, Mass., has sounded a note of warning
the Jewish schools in Bessarabia
at the Williamstown Institute of Politics against the well-
on the ground that they are not up
organized Fundamentalist movement to make the entire
to the standard required by the
United States anti-evolution. Money and time will be in-
ministry of education. Thousands
vested to force this antiquated notion down the throats
of Jewish students are not allowed
of the people and, judging by the ignorance of the sub-
to take their examinations, and
ject of evolution and the dishonest way in which its op-
their fathers have no mind to take
ponents present it, anti-evolution is likely to gain great
up their case because they are
headway.
themselves in a terrible plight.
They are groaning under a load of
Samuel Dreyfus', treasurer of the Pittsburgh Base-
heavy taxation. The tax commis-
ball Club, sends me an interesting clipping from the New
sions in the new provinces declare
York Herald-Tribune which answers the question I raised
that they mean to get the last
last week, whether the late Arthur A. Hamerschlag,
penny out of the Jews. Shop after
president of the Research Corporation of New York and
shop is closing down and the tax
at one time president of the Carnegie Institute of Tech-
collectnrs say that that is what
nology, Pittsburgh, Pa., was a Jew. I had remarked that
they want. They want to raze the
if he was he certainly wan able to so completely assimi-
Jewish towns and build up Rou-
late himself that his Jewishness was not visible to the
manian towns on their ruins.
naked eye. Mr. Droyfuste cousin, K. George Falk, promi-
The recent census returns now
nent research chemists and affiliated with the Rockefeller
issued show what may the wind is
Foundation, writes in a letter to the Tribune that Mr.
blowing. There is no attempt to
Hamerschlag was graduated from the Hebrew Technical
deny that the figures have ken de-
Institute of New York in 1589.
liberately falsified with a view to
making it appear that the Jews do
Mrs. Augusta Stetson, who involuntarily left the
act constitute as important an ele-
Christian Science church, is going to live forever if she
ment in the Roumanian population
lives without sin. Of course, that leaves a loop-hole wide
as is generally thought. Kishinev,
enough for all the sinners of the world to crawl through.
for example, which has a popula-
I am always thrilled at Mrs. Stetson's announcements.
tion of 250,000—half of them Jews
but I am frank to say that she has much more faith in
—figures on the census return as
herself than I have in her announcements. She is the
having a population of only 120,-
some distinguished lady who operates a broadcasting sta-
009 with a Jewish population of
tion in New York from which offensive criticisms against
45.000. Czernowitz, with its 200.-
Jews and Catholics were uttered. Then, too, Mrs. Stet-
000 inhabitants and 70.000 Jews, is
son spreads herself all over the advertising columns of
returned as having 107,000 popula-
some of the leading newspapers with statements that I
tion, with only 42,003 Jews. The
think are ridiculous and stupid, and on a par with her
intention has been to Roumanian-
recent nonsense that she intends to live forever. In this
ize the towns, even if only on pa-
country one can get some people to believe anything.
per. The ex-minister of the inte-

rior, M. Goga, while he is still in
office, declared in parliament that
after the census new regulations
would be issued on the basis of the
returns. Ile would not at the mo-
ment say what they would be but
they would make clear the fighting
policy of the govermnent. Ile
could say, however, that the foreign
elements, and especially the para-
sitical population (Jews) would be
dealt with as being harmful to the
interests 'ref the state.
And although Goga has fallen,
his teachings still live. One of his
pupils, the mayor of Kishinev, M.
TheinlOrt.srU, has found it new
method of dealing with the Jews in
his town. With the consent 1d the
municipality, he has enforced a
new meter tax on the' small shops
in the market place, the result of
which is that a shopkeeper who
pays 10,000 lei annually in rent for
his shop will now have to pay four
or five times as much. The Jexish
traders raised an outcry against
this order and went to the munici-
pal building while the COUTICil was
sitting in order to send in a dele-
gation to plead with it. Instead of
hearing their case, the mayor tele-
phoned the military and told the
commander of the town that there
was a Jewish revolt and that armed
Jews were storming the municipal
buildings. 'Ile gendarmes were
called out and I 1 Jews mere ar-
rested. (If course no weapons were
found on them, only the keys of
their shops. Nevertheless, all 14
have been handed over to the mili-
tary court (Kishinev is still under
martial law) and they are in dan-
ger of king sentenced to two years'
imprisonment. The Jewish council-
lors left thou sitting in protest
against the action of the mayor.
The anti-Semitic press has, of
course, seized upon the occurrence
and is using it as agitation mate-
rial. The Averescu paper "Indrep-
tarea" reports the incident under
the following heading: "The Begin-
ning of the Revolution; Kishinev
Municipality Stormed by Jews."
"Witte in fermentation." That is
the title of a mew book of essays
recently published by the ex-minis-
ter of the interior, 51. Goga, the
spiritual father of the Roumanian
• nti-Semitic movement. In this book
he argues that the Roumanian stu-
dent movement is only the some of
Roumanian nationalism in fermen-
tation, and he declares that he looks
to it for the coming of a greater
Roumania. And although the seven
fat. years of the Averescu regime
have passed, the seeds of hatred
which have been implanted in the
youth are bearing fruit. Only
within the but few days there have
been new anti-Semitic disorders in
Jassy and Clausenberg. Jewish
heads have been split by the stu-
dents and windows in Jewish houses
and shops have been smashed. For
the time being the Cuzist movement
is dead. But one never knows
whether the government may not
resurrect it. The political situation
at the moment is dominated by the
question of the dynasty, and this is
overshadowing t h e anti-Semitic
movement for the time being. What
will happen afterwards no one
knows.
Old wine in new bottles! That is
what the change in the Roumanian
government really denotes. The
Jews have nothing to expect from
the change. There seems to be no
prospect of any improvement in the
Jewish situation. The government
and authorities, busy with other
things, may nut have time now to
exert fresh pressure against the
Jews, but anti-Semitism remains
the dominant motive in the govern-
ment's internal policy and at any
moment it may become active
again. It hangs menacingly over
the heads of the Roumanian Jews,
and because the sword does not fall
at once, life is no It•ss unbearable
because of the thought that it may
fall tomorrow, or the day after.

Letter From
Galicia

By B. Lagby.

Monday ir it may be Tuesday
or Wednesday, or any other day
in the week, so long as it is not
Saturday or Sunday. But when
you say Monday in a Galician
town they know what you mean.
They know you mean the market
day.
Every Galician town must have
a market day once in the week.
It may manage to to without a
rabbi, without a mikvah, but it
must have a market day. Other-
wise, it stagnates and ceases to
live.
You try to buy something in
one of these towns on any day but
its particular "Monday"—a kilo
of butter, score of eggs, or a
couple of chickens. Potatoes, cab-
bage, geese are things you must
not even think about. You will
not get a potato for a dollar each
unless someone takes pity on you
and gives you some of the pota-
toes he bought for his own private

ci

Ali

Use.

All the week long the town is
deserted. There is not a living
soul to be seen. The shopkeepers
sit in their shops and yawn, or
they close up altogether and go
have a talk with a neighbor. There
is no danger of losing business.
There are no customers to buy
from them. And even if someone
did come into town, it would prob-
ably be because he has a case in
court, or has come to fetch the
doctor to someone lying desperate-
ly sick. Otherwise, there in noth-
ing at all to do in the town, if it
is not market day.
That is so not only for the shop-
keepers. It is the same thing for
the doctor and the lawyer. Neith-
er of them has anything to do, un-
less it should happen that some-
one tomes to the lawyer to ask
when his case is coming on, al-
though he knows it very well him-
self, or if someone comes to the

,-•

Au ;

(Turn to next page.)

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