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THEDETROITJAWISR 9RON1CL

Published Weekly by The Jewish Chronicle Publishing Ca., Ise.

President
Secretary and Treasurer

JOSEPH J. CUMMINS

JACOB H. SCHAKNE

Entered •s

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the Jewish people, but disclaim. responsibility for an Indorsement of the view.

expressed by the writers.

July 1, 1927

Tammuz 1, 5687

Sons of the Covenant.

Detroit will be host next week to the fifty-ninth an-
nual convention of the Grand Lodge of District Num-
ber 6, Independent Order B'rith.
It is appropriate that Pisgah Lodge should do the
honors of the host this year. Pisgah has earned that
distinction by performing within the last year some very
notable achievements. Its intellectual advancement
programs have been a distinct contribution to the Jew-
ish life of Detroit. In that respect we can safely say
that Pisgah is in the forefront among B'nai B'rith
lodges, In point of membership and other forms of ma-
terial progress Pisgah has been equally successful. An
interesting and impressive feature of the convention
will be the initiation of 200 candidates. If we judge
individuals by their actions, we must judge fraternal
orders by their activities, and, on that score, Pisgah is
not found wanting.
The Independent Order B'nai B'rith has been sev-
eral times on the point of senility. More than once it
has seemed to have outlived its usefulness and to be re-
placed by other organizations. Nevertheless it has
always managed to find for itself some new form of
service.
Far from sinking into senility it is now more alive
than ever and seeking a wider and wider scope for its
activities.
Beginning as a fraternal order molter the manner of
other fraternal orders, it has constantly added to its
functions until today it is not so much a fraternal order
as a fraternal social service organization. Its practi-
cal fraternalism is not limited to its members. The ben-
eficiaries of the B'nai B'rith are all the Sons of the
Covenant whether they be members or non-members.
To the true Ben B'rith there are no ,non-members. All
Jews are B'nai B'rith. And, in time of need, no one is
asked to show his membership card. Wherever flood
destroys or fire lays waste or oppression threatens or
anti-Semitism raises its hateful head the B'nai B'rith
may be found doing its work of rescue and relief.
We hope that the delegates to the convention of
District Number 6 will find Detroit a pleasant and hos-
pitable place to meet and that its deliberations here
will be marked by that vision and foresight which we
have come to expect of the B'nai B'rith.

Anti-Semitism Finds a Way.

Hazing is an old tradition in American colleges, and,
because it is an old tradition, there are some who count
it almost treason to advocate its abolition. Neverthe-
less there have been a few who have been willing to
risk the accusation of un-Americanism that the lovers
of tradition are so quick to hurl against those who see
in hazing a barbarous and inhuman custom.
Anti-Semites always manage to find excuses for
their actions and one of the most serviceable of excuses
is the pretext of custom. It is easy to overdo the thing
a trifle and then make light of it because "it has always
been the custom." "We've had 900 tubbings here and
never called in the police force," said one of the physi-
cians of Kings County Hospital, in commenting on the
hazing of three Jewish doctors by a band of internes
last week.
What the learned doctor treats so flippantly as a
"tubbing" consisted of dragging the Jewish interned out
of bed during the night, pulling pillow cases over their
heads, throwing them violently into tanks of cold water,
smearing their bodies with dye and tossing them into
bed again bound and gagged. Just being playful.
The charge is made that Kings County Hospital, a
municipally owned and operated institution. has been
inhospitable to Jews both as doctors anti as patients.
We can neither accept nor reject this accusation since
we do not possess any other information on the subject
than that contained in the press reports, but the fact
that there are so few' Jewish doctors on the staff of the
hospital lends credence to the accusation. If any dis-
crimination exists at Kings County Hospital we can be
sure that Mayor Walker will find it and see to it that the
guilty are punished as they deserve to be.
Whatever their motives may have been the perpe-
trators of the recent brutalities should be tried in the
courts like any other rowdies. Perhaps such an exam-
ple would help to dispose of the idiotic and brutal prac-
tice of hazing.

Wanted: A New Spinoza.

Rabbi Louis I. Wolsey. president of the Central Con-
ference of American Rabbis. in his message to the con-
ference at Cape May last week. dealt with one of the
most perplexing pluses of the Jewish problem in
America.
"The groups in Judaism that are learned in so many
a secular science and art and history are abysmally ig-
norant of the well-springs of Jewish thought and life.
Here we have an opportunity for a new renaissance.
The time has come for our conference to give to a Jew-
ish scholarship that has kept pace with the new discov-
ery of biology, psychology. philosophy and history such
studies as the God idea, Judaism and the doctrine of
evolution, the election of Israel, the efficacy of prayer,
immortality, the authority of the Bible in Judaism. The
scientific and scholarly activities of our many Jewish
students and thinkers could be tangibly and resultfully
encouraged if the laymen of Jewry could be given to
see the value to Judaism of more intensive studies in
Jewish literature." said Rabbi Wolsey.
It is true, as Rabbi Wolsey points out, that learned

9.Q.9. Q.

Jews, eminent in the arts and sciences, have neglected
Jewish scholarship. Undoubtedly one reason is that
the institutions of learning in America do not offer ade-
quate courses of instruction in Jewish literature, his-
tory or philosophy. In the curricula of the leading uni-
versities Jewish scholarship plays only it minor role.
Every thoroughly educated man knows that familiarity
with Jewish history and philosophy are essential to a
balanced education. But the university student must
acquire such knowledge by self-education or go with-
out it.
An educated laity is badly needed in America. Or-
thodoxy has taken a step in that direction by founding
the Yeshiva. Reform will have to solve the problem
in its own way. If the reform rabbinate regards the
Yeshiva as an "orthodox" parochial school it will have
to find some other way to create an intelligent Jewish
laity. Perhaps the thing can be accomplished by in-
ducing the universities to offer more courses in Jewish
studies. Perhaps Reform Jewry would do well to es-
tablish its own Yeshiva for laymen and teachers. Pul-
pit and platform are not enough, and never were
enough. There was always the "house of Instruction."
When Rabbi Wolsey says that "the time has come
for our conference to give to a Jewish scholarship that
has kept pace with the new discovery of biology, psych-
ology, philosophy and history such studies as the God
idea, Judaism and the doctrine of evolution, the elec-
tion of Israel, the efficacy of prayer, the doctrine of im-
mortality and the authority of the Bible in Judaism,"
he mistates the problem.
It cannot be the function of the Central Conference
of American Rabbis or any other conference to "give"
anything to Jewish scholarship. The doctrine of im-
mortality and the efficacy of prayer are not to be "giv-
en" by conferences. Anti the Jewish secular scholar-
ship of America would not take them simply because
they are given. To the secular scholar such matters
are problems and some of them admit of no solution
that would be acceptable to any mind trained in the
sciences.•
Rabbi Wolsey calls them "studies" but he states
them in a manner that smacks of finality. Certainly he
must know that Jewish scholarship, even in America,
has not completely ignored some of the studies he would
bring to its attention. And, in some cases, the results of
such studies have not been acceptable to the rabbinate.
In the past some of the most searching and profound
studies in Jewish philosophy and history have been the
work of laymen—not only Jewish but gentile laymen
as well. Their ideas have often met with the bitterest
opposition from the rabbinate, in some cases with ex-
communication. The attitude of the rabbinate, like that
of any other priesthood, has always been that the Jew-
ish mind should seek knowledge but its conclusions must
coincide with the accepted doctrines of the day. In
other words, that study is all right as long as it leads
to certain pre-arranged conclusions.
Is it any wonder then that the truly creative minds
among Jews have so often published their wisdom to
the world from the scholars study rather than from the
rabbi's pulpit? Sooner or later, of course, the pulpit
has absorbed the heresies of the excommunicated Spin-

°US.

Rabbi Wolsey is well aware, no doubt, of the pos-
sible consequences of any comprehensive study of the
subjects he recommends by the Jewish secular schol-
ars of America. We agree that such study would be
of incalculable value to the lay Jewry of America. Per-
haps we shall see another Guide to the Perplexed and
discover a new Spinoza.

Jewish Art.

Articles and speeches deploring the lack of interest
in Jewish affairs among the young people appear almost
daily on the editorial desk. They come from all sources
but all sing the same song: The Jewish youth are fail-
ing to claim their heritage, Jewish culture.
Another favorite theme is the failure of the educat-
ed Jew to apply his well-trained mind to the problems
of Judaism. Rabbi Wolsey's address before the Cen-
tral Conference of American Rabbis last week bore
heavily on this theme. Now we hear that the Jewish
poets and musicians are likewise indisposed.
The Jewish National Fund offered a prize for a Yid-
dish song that should express in words and music the
aspirations of Jewish nationalism. A number of songs
were submitted but not a single one was judged worthy
of the prize,
"The judges have carefully examined the manu-
scripts submitted in the Yiddish Song Contest," reads
the announcement. "They have regretfully arrived
at the unanimous conclusion that none of the songs
submitted possesses the necessary literary qualities.
nor does it express the character of the occasion that is
being celebrated with sufficient adequacy to be entitled
to the prize."
As we all know, there are a number of very able
Yiddish poets in America today anti not a few compos-
ers of great talent. In all likelihood they simply ignored
the contest. The same thing is constantly happening
in essay contests and short story contests. The really
talented Jewish authors never compete although they
frequently compete and often win prizes in other con-
tests. A glance through "Who's Who in American
Jewry" reveals the fact that very few of the first rate
Jewish literary men and artists make Jewish themes
the subject of their art. That is not true of the Yid-
dish writers but it is invariably true of those who write
in English.
When the literary, musical and artistic talent of a
people begins to look outside of the group for its themes
it is high time for the group to look withn itself for the
reasons. Genius does not turn away from the material
at hand and go afield for its subjects unless there is
something inhospitable in its environment. For a long
time American artists of the highest talent forsook
their native land and went to Europe for the materials
of their art. Of late there has been a change. Ameri-
cans have become more hospitable to the better books,
painting and music and its artists have complied with
some of the finest works in contemporary world litera-
ture and art.
There is certainly no lack of genius among the Jews
of America. Is there not, rather, a noticeable lack
of interest in and appreciation of works of art and liter-
ature on subjects of purely Jewish interest among
American Jews.

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JOSEPFt''

I do hope that my calling attention to discrimination
against Jewish girls applying for office positions has been
helpful. A reader living in Chicago sends along this en-
couraging bit of information:
"Dear Mr. Joseph:
"I saw two ads, similar to the one
'Stenographer--Jewish, with general expe-
rience; West Side office; state experi-
ence, age, and salary expected. Address
II K 452, Tribune,"
in the 'Tribune.' Maybe your campaign is start-
ing to have some effect. Perhaps a good way to
reform some Jewish business organizations who
won't employ Jewish help is to publish their
names. This surely would not be very good for
them in the way of free advertising."
I must say that it is a long time since I have seen a
want ad worded like the one above, so maybe agitating
the subject is doing some good.

I thought there must be some mistake. I just couldn't
figure out that only six of those internes in the Kings
County Ilospital, New York, would undertake to haze
three Jewish internes. You know that the old William
Jennings Bryan ratio of 16 to 1 in the Free Silver Cam-
paign is just about the Ku Klux Klan ratio when it comes
to beating some man or woman that it doesn't like. Once
I recall that 40 of them went out after some chap that
hadn't done exactly what the Knight Shirts wanted and
when they arrived and discovered that a woman was also
there, they hustled back a courier for reinforcements.
Of course, I wasn't present, but that's the story that ap•
peered in the newspapers.
•
-
However, to get back to those brave lads in Kings
County Hospital. They are said to be doctors, and I ex-
pect they are in training for Muscular Medicine. There
were six accused of the cowardly attack upon the three
Jewish internes, but I learned later that there were 20
in the attacking party. That sounds more like it, 20 to 1
is a good, old-fashioned 100 per cent. anti-Semitic way
of attacking the Jew. In Russia, they used to bring up a
regiment to kill the defenseless Jews, men, women and
little children. So the brave boys from the west—the
great red-blooded he-men from the Big Open Spaces, who
are so hard that when they tall they break the pavements
--they lined up 20 strong and went after those three
Jewish doctors to show them in a practical way that they
didn't like them. Congratulations, fellows! I shall be
happy when you finally become doctors to please send me
your office address. I shall be glad to publish them in
order to encourage Jewish patronage for you. In the
meantime, the Huskies have been suspended and Mayor
Walker is going to clean house. My best wishes, mayor!

A friend of lazy Zarakov's dropped in to see me the
other evening. Izzy is one of the plain every-day boys
at Harvard, who has won as many letters as one finds on
a Chinese laundry check. Ile is Harvard's star athlete.
And there is no Jewish question for lazy at Harvard, Ile
comes from Boston and has earned his living while get-
ting his education. He isn't one of those apologetic rac-
coon-coated Jewish boys who tries to dodge his fellows
and his religion. On the contrary, Izzy advertises what
he is. He joined the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, and just
to show him what they thought of Izzy Zarakov, the Jew-
ish tailor's boy, from Boston, the swagger crowd at Har-
vard elected him to the very swaggerest fraternity in the
university. All of which shows that if one respects him-
self he gains the respect of others.
•
•

The "Forum" offered prizes for the hest definitions eif
"What is (leaven?" A gentleman by the name of Laza-
rus, living in Brooklyn, won the first prize. But I fear
that he must be a lawyer, for his definition reads in this
fashion:
"Heaven—a spiritual land of peace, plenty and
equality, situate, lying, and being in the upper-
most region above the clouds, conjured up by re-
ligion to assist in the maintenance of law, order,
and good-will among God's children while in the
bodily state on earth, through the exaction of a
strict compliance with the precepts of the Ten
Commandments as the price of admission, which
the soul must pay, after departure frrno the physi-
cal being at death."
All of which goes to show that if that's all there is to
Ileaven, then we don't have to leave this earth to at-
tain it!
•
•

Well, I guess I'll have to pin the rose on "Jim" Davis'
lapel. I have been reading the history of every adminis-
tration, from George Washington's down, and I believe
that the Hon. John J. Davis, secretary of labor in the
cabinet of our own South Dakota Cal, is the first cabinet
officer who bid the highest price for the privilege of open-
ing a synagogue about to be dedicated. This happened
at Beechview, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pa., on Sunday,
June 19, when the Beth-FA synagogue was dedicated.
a Secretary Davis paid $225 for the honor of opening the
door, and then for good measure delivered an address.
I always did like Secretary Davis. lie's human....

Some one sends me a clipping from a newspaper in
which this question is asked:
"Was the assassinator of Abraham Lincoln a
Jew?"
and it is answered in this fashion:
"John Wilkes Booth, who shot Lincoln, was of
Hebrew ancestry, but was a member of the Epis-
copal church."
I have a dim recollection that Edwin Booth, the
brother of John Wilkes, was said to have had a Jewish
ancestor, but somehow or other, I never gave it much
consideration. It may be true that the Booths were of
Jewish ancestry, but I have seen no definite proof.
•
I sometimes think that even our own better-informed
Jews do not quite understand their own problems. For
example, in speaking to a Jewish woman, active in com-
munal affairs, concerning the singing of Christian hymns
in the public schools, they seemed to think that the "chil-
dren would not be harmed!" Now you cnn begin to un-
derstand why sometimes the members of the Jewish press
become pessimistic. It just shows how very superficially
issues vital to Jewish life and Jewish welfare are con-
sidered.

Senator Reed, of Pennsylvania, is as nervous on the
subject of immigration as Secretary Kellogg, of the state
department, is nervous about Bolsheviks landing in this
country. All one needs to do to get the Pennsylvania
senator into a hysterical state is to whisper "immigrant!"
At night he dreams of great shim' filled to the gunwales
with immigrants corning to the United States. Ile sees
all Europe and Asia shutting up shop and preparing to
ship their hundreds of millions to these shores. So pos-
sibly the nervous senator from Pennsylvania will be more
at ease when he learns of the astonishing report submit-
ted by the *Charity Organization Society of New York
City.

Instead of the immigrant families camping by the
thousands in front of the offices of the charities seeking
help we find this amazing situation:
"Usually the public assumes that foreign-born
are our chief concern. Such people will be sur-
prised to learn that of the foreign-born under uor
care only 5 per cent. had been here less than One
years. This disproves the idea that it is the moat
recent immigrant who needs help and guidance."
Now I hope Senator Reed will be able to sleep a little
better.

It's just one thing after another. Just when we have
become more or less reconciled to a summer of three
months. Eastman, the kodak man, and a lot of other cap-
tains of industry, want to change the calendar and give
us another summer month. The calendar agitation, which
has been going on for years, calls for a change to 13
months of 28 days each, with the three hundred sixty-
fifth day added to December, making that month the
longest of the year, with 29 days. In leap year, the
three hundred sixty-sixth day will be added to June.
making June a 29-day month. But what bothers me most
is that the extra month (the thirteenth) will be sand-
wiched in between June and July, and it is to be named
Sal. Of course, that's a Good Jewish name, but even
that doesn't compensate for having a swelter through
four hot months. These calendar reformers think that
the present calendar is too confusing. We have enough
problems now without bothering about the calendar.

kinlYWAYMMIZt `1,1*. tatt;Ina?

Schwartzbard Trial Stirs Sentiment

Victims of Pogroms Offer Heartrending Testimony.

By I. SCHECHTMAN

There is an old story of a Jew
who for the first time in his life
visited a town and on his return
kept telling everybody about the
wonderful things he had seen there.
What struck him as the greatest
wonder of all was the electric bell.
There was a button at every front
door,
ii
, e :oid as soon as one pressed it
the door opened and a maid ap-

"It is simply marvelous," he said.
"You a button and out jumps
a
Here in Paris, too, we have been
struck lately by wonderful things;
not, however the wonders of the
great metropolis, but the unexpect-
ed marvels contained in the ordi-
nary Jew. It is enough to "press
the button."
The Schwartzbard case roused
the Jews all over the world into a
state of unexpected readiness.
Without anyone asking for them,
hundreds of documents and letters
arrive day after (lay in Paris re-
vealing entirely new, sometimes
terribly tragic aspects of the Jew-
ish character. In order to produce
such a spontaneous and self-reveal-
ing outpouring of the Jewish heart
one only needs to "press the but-
ton."
Out of the heap of letters now
lying before me, I select only a few.
Here is a letter from the little
Ukrainian township of Snitkoff in
the Province of Podolia; a double
foolscap sheet filled with writing on
all four sides. The langauge is a
good, plain, juicy Yiddish. The
writer is a woman of 60, but the
hand is still firm. She addresses
herself to Schwartzbard's counsel,
Maitre Torres.
"I am an old woman of sixty,"
she writes. "I live in a small town
in the Ukraine. Since the great
blow, of which I am going to write
here, tuefell me and poisoned all my
thoughts and made my body a bur-
den to me, I have kept away from
the world and its news. But a short
time ago, while in someone's house
I overheard it man reading in a
paper that Solomon Schwartzbard
had killed Petlura and now was to
be tried, and that you were going
to defend him. 'Now,' I thought to
myself, 'the time has come when
I can tell something that you may
find useful.'"
And she proteeds to tell in sim-
ple touching words the story of the
great misfortune that happened to
her in 1919. Her son, Isaac, a boy
of 10, together with two other
young men, and old woman and a
girl, all of the same township,
started out on fru i t for liar, a larg-
er town some 30 vierts (24 miles)
away. A few miles ahead of liar
they were met by four mounted sol-
diers of Petlura's army, who drag-
ged them into the wood. One of the
boys, doted, Beresin, with throat
and holy badly cut, pretended to be
dead and was left lying there by
the murderers, afterwards he man-
aged to get to the town and told the
people what had happened. "'The
others were found the following
day in the wood cut up into tiny
pieces. . . They were 'done in'
slowly, with knives, cruelly tor-
tured," explains the old woman, and
then, unable to continue, she breaks
off: "I cannot describe everything,"
she writes, "my hands tremble, my
heart beats as if it is gluing to burst
and my eyes cannot see for tears.
I must break off. Let a mother vent
her grief in tears."
Soon she composes herself and
she resumes her story:
"Even the Ukrainian gendarmes
in Bar from Galicia were struck
with pity at the sight of the dead
bodies; they took photographs of
them and sent them to Petlura's
Directory in Kamenetz-Podolsk.
But we heard nothing from the di-

re' S 'th'r eh' a ' s a great deal to tell about

Petlura's treatment of the Jews:
"Although everyone knew who
the murderers were and where they
were to be found, not one of them
was punished. When the District
"Starosta" Kirienko was asked to
arrest the murderers, he declared
that although the murderers were
known they could not he punished.
'These things are not punished
here,' he said. It was true. Every-
one in Snitkovo remembers how
when Simon Petlura was passing
through the place in his car on his
way to the front, the Jews went
out to meet him with bread and
salt and the Torah and begged him
not to let his troops make pogroms
on the Jews. At first he did not
even want to recevie them, and
when he finally heard them out, he
merely said: 'Never you mind; you
had better tell your Jews not to fire
on as as they did in Kopaigorod'
Is township near by where a po-
grom took place.)"
She concludes the letter with a
touching pasage:
"Our tears will help you to de-
fend Sholom Schwartzhard and
ward off the heavy sentence that
threatens him. Shalom Schwartz-
bard has done a holy thing. May
his every step be blessed...."
And here is another letter:
The writer is a cultured man,
an industrialist; he is living in Vi-
enna now and he can speak French
and German. He declares in this
letter, fully authenticated with his
name and address, that he is pre-
pared to share the responsibility
with Schwartzbard for the shooting
of Petlura. "Schwartzhard," he
writes, "has done what I several
times tried to do, but failed only he-
cause that beast of a man always
managed to elude me. I ant con-
vinced," he writes further, "that
there are thousands of men like my-
self, whose lives were made mires-
able because of that man, and
whose dream it was to kill him."
He goes on to explain why he
hated Petlura so. On August II,
1919, he writes, Petlura occupied
Kiel. He war there only ror the
but
lads' managed even in
that ith
short t i time
time to arrest 31 young
Jews between the ages of IC and
20, who were members of the mi-
litia organiz,d by the municipal-
ity. Petlura was in Kier for one
thy only. "Two days after hi, re-
treat," the letter says, "we found
on a field outside the town the hod-

ies of the unfortunate young men
who hued been arrested—all terrib-
ly mutilated." Among these young
men was the writer's only son Bor.

The father, an old man, has kept
himself alive since only by the
thought of revenge. Now he has
seen his longing realized—by an-
other man. And his only remain-
ing wish is to be allowed to bear a
part of the responsibility for an
ad which, but fur chance, might
well have been the deed of his own
hands...
Here is another letter. The writ-
er is a young man in Czernowitz,
and he writes in German.
Ile was horn in Itokovina and
has lived all his life there. In the
winter of 1919 hundreds of Jewish
refugees began pouring from the
Ukrains into Bokovina and Bes-
sarabia and they told terrible
stories about the outrages and po-
groms carried out by Petlura. These
stories completely unsettled hint;
he felt that he must go to the Uk-
raine, no matter how great the per-
il, and see for himself what was
happening there. "I declare," he
writes, "that I undertook the jour-
nu to the Ukraine entirely on my
own initiative. I was not sent
there by any individual or news-
paper. Up to the present I have
not published a word about what
1 saw in the Ukraine. The facts
I am submitting here are being set
down for the first thee."
In July, 1919, he writes, he went
to I3essarabia and was held up by
the hanks of ' the River Dniester
(the Roumanian-Ukrainian Fron-
tier.) Ile found he could taut cross
the river in a smuggler's boat, so
lie decided to swim across. He
found a suitable place on the Rou-
manian bank, between the vil-
lages of Ikniza and Ataki, and one
night, unobserved by anybody, he
undressed, tied his clothes into a
hag, fastened it to his head, and
dived. He evaded successfully both
the Roumanian and Russian front-
ier guards, And on reaching the
other bank he hid in a field. At
sunrise he emerged from his hiding
place and walked towards Mohilev.
Ile was taken fur a soldier of the
defeated Polish army and he man-
aged to find work in a peasant
h o usehold.
About tire days later, while work-
ing with the peasant on the field,
he saw something hurtling in the
distance. The peasant explained:
"That is a tire in the Jewish col-
ony. The Petlurists seem to have
been at work there."
lie prevailed upon the peasant to
take him to the place that he might
see the pogrom. While they were
still some distance off they saw a
large village burning; when they
came nearer they were able to make
out every detail; they saw urn
running about and soldiers deliber-
ately shooting down everyone who
came out of the burning houses.
When they about 100 yards away
from the village, they saw a big
group of amounted men near them
cooly watching the pogrom.
"This is Petlura," his companion
said suddenly.
"Where? Which one?" he asked.
"That one fumbling with his
glove."
"Are you sure?"
"Of course I ant sure. I have
seen him hundreds of times."
A few hours later the Petlurists
left the village and proceeded in a
westerly direction. The writer and
his companion entered the village.
All the houses were burned down.
They began counting the corpses.
The-re were 104 of them, men,
women and children, all half-
charred.
"I had seen enough," he writes.
The following day he left the lo-
cality. His attempt to return to
Roumania was not as successful as
his crossing. Ile was caught by
the Roumanians while swimming
across the river and was arrested
ems a spy. He was threatened with
execution and 11,;;, had a very diffi-
cult time before he was at last set
free.
The Schwartzharel affair has
pressed the button, so to speak, and
a host of experiences and facts have
come to light which otherwise
would have remained hidden away
in the darkest recesses of Jewish
life.
moovriaht 1927. J. T. A )

"Go to the ant thou sluggard;
consider her ways and tie wise."
(Proc. vi. 6.) Rabbi Simon ben
Helena said: "I shall go and see
if it is so." In the heat of summer
he went and spread his mantle near
a nest of ants, and one saw the
shade and went and told those in
the nest that there was shade and
they came nut. lie took away the
mantle and the sun smote them,
and they killed the first ant. The
Rabbi said. "Surely they have no
chief or ruler" (see ib. "for if
they had, they would not have
killed the informant without asking
permission." (Hal. 57b.)

"Remember what Amalek did,"
ate. Duet. xxv 17)—one might
think from this that salient re-
membrance is sufficient; but when
it is said further (ib. 19), "thou
shalt not forget" (which means
inwardly), then the first phrase
means not inwardly and silently,
but that 'he recollection shall be
uttered with the line. (Meg 188.)

In the daily hymn which all cre-
ative things render in praise of the
creator, the song of the ant is,
"Who giveth food to all flesh; for
to eternity endureth His kind-
ness." (Ps. cxxxvi 25; Parek Shi-
rah v.)

Lamson in his last prayer to God
said: "Remember unto me that dur-
ing the twenty-two years I have
judged Israel I did not so much as
ask anyone to carry my staff."
( Sota h 10a.)

"Since I have come to my right
senses," said Phineas ben Jair, "I
do not even eat free meals at my
father's house." (I. e., he would
not receive any benefit be did not
earn.) (Hal. 7a.)

Vii ?

44:
.