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TiipVcptprr LWICHRONICLE
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rhEbETROIT, /PUSH al RON IGLE

Published Weakly by Th. Jew sh Chronicle Publishing Co, inc.

JOSEPH J. CUMMINS
JACOB H. SCHAKNE

Pessidant
&strawy and T

Entered as Serond•class matter March 5, Intik at the Postonice et Detroit.

tilleh under the A, of Minch I

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expressed by the writers.

May 27, 1927

lyar, 25, 5687

Main Entrance.

Whenever we read the published diatribes of this
or that individual or organization against the Menorah
Movement or the Menorah Journal we are reminded of
the story of the two merchants. It seems that there
were two rival merchants in business next door to one
another and the story is told that when one of them
put up a sign over his door advertising a big sale the
other simply put up a sign over his own door reading,
Main Entrance.
It appears that every branch of Jewish activity is
intent on claiming for itself the distinction of being the
principle one. Not infrequently we hear loud protest-
tations from this or that institution or cause that some
other institution or cause is poaching on its private pre-
serves—the interest, or, more importantly, the pocket-
book, of American Jewry. It is a shameful spectacle
but it is also a little funny. For causes, like prophets,
are ever in danger of dying of injudicious friends; zeal-
ots who oversell their cause, overpraise their leaders
and overestimate their achievements.
We have always looked upon the Menorah Move-
ment as a sound and useful enterprise. We know that
it has not been a successful one but we are satisfied that
this fact is a regrettable one and can be attributed
principally to the indifference of philanthropists. That
it failed to win the interest of a large percentage of the
Jewish students in the colleges is not due to any un-
soundness in the idea of the Menorah Movement. That
is a weakness that has nothing to do with the intrinsic
value of the Menorah idea or its methods, The Menor-
ah Association was never supplied with funds to enable
its leaders to put in all the modern improvements that
seem to be necessary in modern cultural enterprises—
buildings, dance halls, black bottom contests and inter-
collegiate debating orgies. It simply languished for
lack of the wherewithal. And the very people who were
raising the loudest cries and shedding the most tears
about the lack of Jewish culture in the colleges were
deaf to its appeals.

`.0

4

— The Menorah has always been under fire of one
group or another. Now, it seems, the rabbinate has
opened hostilities and some of its big guns are sowing
destruction in the ranks of the "Menorah Jews." Some
months ago Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver took up the cudg-
els for his colleagues in the pages of the Jewish Trib-
une. It was more than a defense of the rabbinate. It
was a counter-offensive against the "intelligensia." Now
comes Rabbi Samuel Koch of Seattle, with an "open let-
ler" to Henry Hurwitz, the Chancellor of the Intercol-
legiate Menorah Association. He charges that the Me-
norah Association is "largely a paper organization"
and the Menorah Journal is "preponderantly of a subtly
destructive tenor with reference to Judaism,"
It has always been the contention of the rabbinate
that Jewish education without Jewish worship is im-
possible. According to this view a group of students
who would gather for the purpose of reading and
discussing the literature of the Old Testament or the
philosophy of Spinoza without beginning with a prayer
and ending with a benediction are sure to come to con-
fusion. All other branches of knowledge both sacred
and profane, seem to do fairly well without benefit of
clergy but Jewish knowledge, according to many rab-
bis, can not be imbibed without a dash of worship.
In this respect the Menorah study circles have been
sadly remiss. And, what is even worse, the Menorah
Journal has printed the opinions of men who presume
to question the intellectual and spiritual leadership of
the rabbinate. That these opinions have been the
opinions of brilliant and able men is beside the point.
It is a serious presumption and the rabbinate has not
been slow to resent it. It is clear to some rabbis that
any disposition to question the intellectual and spiritual
leadership of the rabbinate is "subtly destructive" to
Judaism.
The theory that is back of that point of view is that
divine worship is the royal road to Jewish culture. That
any student should seek to scale the heights of wisdom
by any other road is unthinkable to them. That thou-
sands of earnest and sincere seekers after Jewishness
and Jewish "vissenschaft" have reached their goal
through the library rather than through the synagogue,
never seems to occur to them. Which reminds us once
more of the story of the two merchants. "Torah," said
our fathers, "is de beste schora." "Wisdom is the best
of wares." But is there really only one entrance to the
storehouse of wisdom?

Sh-h-h-h-- Not a Word!

Sh-h-h-h-h .... don't breathe a word to a soul! In
fact, we shouldn't be saying it. But .... we just can't
resist the temptation to remind the gentle reader that
certain charges made against one Aaron Sapiro-
charges that concern alleged attempts to bribe a woman
juror with promises of "thousands of dollars" are still
being investigated by the Department of Justice.
Of course we have no right to comment on the in-
spired labors of a United States court of law or a De-
partment of Justice, but we know of no constitutional
restriction on the right to remember. So we hereby
remember that it is now five weeks ago that Judge Fred
Raymond ordered Mr. John Baxter of the Department
of Justice to investigate the charges of Mr. Ford's coun-
sel, based on affidavits of Mr. Ford's private detectives,
that one "Kid" Miller, a man "of Jewish caste of coun-
tenance" approached Mrs. Cora Hoffman, a juror in
the Ford-Sapiro libel case, with offers of "thousands of
dollars,"
And, while we're remembering, we must not forget
to remember that not a single word has come from the

3km k k 9R k

444

.9.9 .

Department of Justice in the last five weeks to indicate
that any progress has been made in the investigation.
In fact, during most of that time, Mr. Thomas C. Wil-
•ox, who is special investigator in this matter, has been
out of town.
Another thing. We would like to have a look at the
affidavits of the Ford detectives, just to refresh our
memory as to the exact nature of the charges, but Mr.
E. W. Voorheis, clerk of the court tells us that the
records have been sealed by order of Judge Raymond.
So we're entirely in the dark on the whole matter.

Rattling the Scabbard.

The National Society of Scabbard and Blade is on
the war path!
This organization, whose members are recruited
from the Reserve Officers Training Corps in the col-
leges, has risen valiantly to the defense of the republic
against the dreadful menace of a too long, too enervat-
ing, peace.
Anti, like all "young striplings in their braggart
teens" who, "never having heard a cannon fired prate
learnedly of war," these chronic sophdmores have taken
upon themselves the solemn task of defending the na-
tion in time of war and keeping it pepped up for war in
time of peace. Such are the hazards of allowing chil-
dren to play soldier!
Instead of going home like good boys and waiting
to be called to the colors by a selective draft they insist
on organizing an honorary fraternity—on the basis of
what achievements we can not guess—and, instead of
going back to the farm or finding other useful employ-
ment, they spend their time looking for "dangerous un-
American personages," and warning their members
against them.
Among the dangerous personages that these astute
hundred per centers have discovered to date are such
enemies of society as Jane Addams of Hull House, Zona
Gale of literary fame, Professor John Dewey, the prag-
matist philosopher and Professor Francis B. Sayre, son-
in-law of the late Woodrow Wilson. The principle
charge against these and other noted men and women
is that they appear to be at least mildly interested in
preserving peace between the nations. Should these
men and women ever succeed in keeping the nations at
peace, it would be sad for the members of the Scabbard
and Blade. They might never have a chance to put on
the old R. 0. T. C. uniforms that were the pride of their
college days and go forth to practice their rifle prowess
and bombing skill on the enemy!
Among those present in the "black list" of this hon-
orary fraternity we find the names of Dr. Stephen S.
Wise and Dr. Abba Hillel Silver. What it was that
earned them the stigma of being in the company of
Jane Addams, Zona Gale and John Dewey, is difficult
to imagine. Doubtless they would be first to disclaim
the distinction themselves if the patrioteering snoopers
of the Scabbard and Blade are looking for the names of
Jews who have been guilty of crimes similar to those
of Jane Addams, Zona Gale and John Dewey, let them
write to us and we will be glad to enlighten them. The
noted rabbis named by the Scabbard and Blade have
many achievement to their credit but not enough of the
sort that the R. 0. T. C. boys would consider "danger-
ous and un-American" to entitle them to the flattering
animosity of vhauvinistic racheteers.

Grandmother's Love Letters.

The theme of a poem we read recently was much in
our mind this week. For this is, or was, "Jewish Book
Week." At least that's what Rabbi S. Felix Mendel-
sohn of Chicago wanted it to' be ; he was the father of
the idea and he tried, with what success I do not know,
to make it a national event. It seemed reasonable to
the rabbi that the week following Lag B'Omer should
be sacred to the "People of the Book," because Lag
B'Omer is called the "Scholars Festival."
We must confess that we saw little evidence of any
festival spirit and we haven't heard any reassuring re-
ports from the Jewish book sellers. But the theme of
that poem haunted us all week just the same. This
was the theme. The poet tells us that he never really
understood the meaning of history until one rainy after-
noon when, rummaging around in the attic, he came
upon the love letters of his grandmother. Poring over
the yellowing pages with their faint odor of rose leaves
he saw, as he had never seen before, the profound trag-
edy of time—the spring-fall-winter cycle of life "in end-
less repetitive chain reduplicating" to quote Joseph
T. Shipley's "King John."
Much is heard these days about the Jewish con-
sciousness, the Jewish spirit, the Jewish mind.... And
all but a few cheerful souls seeln to be of the opinion
that Jewishness, whetherof the spirit of the heart or
the mind, is something which we must recapture, some-
thing we have lost, something we must find again.
Where is it to be found?
Where but in the love letters of our grandmothers?
And what are books if they are not love letters of our
grandmothers? if we are to find a point of contact
that shall bring us close to the lost current of Jewish-
ness where are we to find it if not in the literature of
the Jew? And particularly in the Yiddish literature.
The best thing that could happen today would be the
translation on a large scale of all the best works of the
great Yiddish writers of Europe and America into good
English. For the great mass of the Jewish people of
America Jewishness means Yiddighkeit. It is only the
scholar who can extract the essential Jewishness from
the Biblical and rabbinical writings. Such a feat re-
quires familiarity with the whole historical background
of ancient Jewry—and the average American Jew pos-
sesses no such equipment. But he does remember his
grandmother and he does have some knowledge of the
life she knew in the ghettos of Europe. To him the lit-
erature of the ghetto is the story of his grandmother
and the stories of its loves are the love letters of his
grandmother. If he is ever to regain his Jewishness he
must find it in the authentic literature of the ghetto.
He must read his history from Shnipishok down rather
than from Jerusalem up. He must work like a scient-
ist, from the known and the unknown.
The Jewish press this week is filled with glittering
editorial praises for the Jewish books that are now
available to the reader. We do not share that enthus-
iasm. We can only reflect that the best of the Yiddish
writers are still largely untranslated and therefore not
available to the American Jew. We can only express
the hope that before many more Jewish Book Weeks
roll around there will be some real and satisfying cause
for editorial enthusiasm.

oxfptiT5

—

CPAS. 14-.

Pierre Van Passen, who writes no interestingly for the
New York Evening World, says:

We attended a meeting of Polish painters and
sculptors in Montparnasse some time ago. There
were perhaps 50 men and women present. Of
these, 33 were Jews, and a young Pole made the
announcement that he wanted to withdraw from
the Society of Polish Artists because 75 per cent
of its membership was of Hebrew origin. The
Pole was not malicious. Ile counseled his Jewish
fellow-artists to create their own values and fur-
ther Hebraic renown. "You are doing violence
to your own spirit if you continue to follow the
Jewish school. The Polish school is enriched,
no, doubt," he said, but the Hebraic school of art
is robbed of the efforts to which it is entitled."

I believe the young Pole meant well, but is there a
"Hebraic school of art?'' It seems to me that a Jew
who paints is an artist and not a Jewish artist. If there
is a definite Jewish school of art or a school of Jewish
art I would like to hear more about it.

I don't know how you feel about it, but I am very
Touch worried over this discrimination against Jewish girls
for office positions both on the part of Jews and Gentile
employers. I would like to see those organizations that
have programs of activities a yard long eliminate some-
thing useless and begin to devote a part of their time and
attention to this 1......
)st acute economic situation. For it
is an economic situation which is fraught with grave pos-
sibilities for the great army of Jewish girls who are being
graduated from the business departments of high schools
and private business colleges.

Already I am in receipt of letters on this subject from
various parts of the country. One man in Chicago admits
that he is one of the guilty parties and he cites several
reasons why in his judgment some Jewish employers do
not use Jewish girls for ordinary office duties. But thus
far I can't find anything that is really a fundamental ob-
jection. This thing should not be permitted to grow and
there is no use hiding the issue under a bushel. Imagine
if your daughter applies at most employment agencies
in any large city she is told that nothing can be done
for Jewish girls! Can you realize how the field for eco-
nomic usefulness is being curtailed for Jewish girls by
such a policy? There should immediately be undertaken
an educational program to correct this very alarming con-
dition. There is a letter on my desk at this moment
which says that four out of six Jewish attorneys inter-
viewed by the writer of the letter say they prefer Gentile
office help!

Surely these Jewish employers are deaf, dumb and
blind if they cannot understand what they are doing to
their own people! And it's about time that some definite
action is taken to make them realize just what a danger-
ous thing they are doing. There is no need for anyone
to waste time writing to tell me that I have exaggerated
the situation, because I have enough evidence at hand to
know the truth. Will the Council of Jewish Women take
it up? Will the B'nai 13'rith take it up? Will the Sister-
hoods of the congregations take it up? Who will take the
initiative?

I think the gentleman named Kirchner who wrote to
the Baltimore Evening Sun is right when he says:

The Protestant churches are ever ready to de-
nounce a Catholic as President with the usual cry
that it will unite church and state, yet they itre
always ready to unite church and state to keep one
from working on Sunday, a day they choose to
keep, but for which there is no Bible reference for
doing so."

Ugh! That society has a bloodcurdling name. The
National Society of Scabbard and Blade. Makes a fellow
want to lock his bedroom door and pull the covers over
his head. It has issued a bulletin naming 56 un-Ameri-
can personages who still have their tonsils, their appendix
and, what is far worse, "Communistic tendencies." It is
a terrifying list. Three Jews are included among these
dangerous enemies to American institutions, Rabbi Silver
of Cleveland, Rabbi Stephen Wise of New York and
Joseph Schlossberg of New York, secretary of the Amal-
gamated Clothing Workers of America.

Jane Addams is another of the dangerous group; like-
wise Francis B. Sayre, son-in-law of the late President
Wilson; John Dewey of Columbia is another Red, and
Senator Borah is included. The Scabbards and Blades
are keeping this list, and whenever any one of these dan-
gerous persons to 100 per cent Americanism raises his
or her head to speak, they will get it rapped good and
hard by some Scabbard. Yes, we must protect America
from such enemies from within.

The large number of business men in every field who
read this column will, I am sure, be interested to know
that the most important and comprehensive survey of
the economic effects of prohibition ever made in this
country has just been concluded by Professor Herman
Feldman of the Amas Tuck School of Administration
and Finance, at Dartmouth College. This survey was
made at the request of the editors of the Christian
Science Monitor, and the first installment of the findings
appeared in the issue of the Christian Science Monitor of
Tuesday, May 17. And if you are interested in reading
what is undoubtedly the most important and outstanding
"journalistic contribution to the discussion of prohibition
which has been made since the enactment of the Volstead
law," I advise that you obtain the first issue, wherein
Professor Feldman outlines the detailed plan, completely
impartial, absolutey unprejudiced, which he used in pur-
suing his investigations. Remember, this survey does
not concern itself with poison liquor( or home brew, or
raids, or any other of the sensational features of Prohi-
bition, but it deals solely with its effect upon the economic
life of the nation. What are his conclusions? You will
have to read the articles themselves, and at business men
you owe it to yourselves to read them.

Most of us are careless readers of foreign news. And
I venture to say that comparatively few keep abreast of
the news that comes from such a country as Roumania
except that which is found in the Jewish press. We know
that there is rioting against Jews in Roumania. We hear
that there is discrimination against Jewish students in
Roumanian universities. We read that there are fights
being staged by students all the time. Yet we do not
obtain an accurate grasp of the situation, in doubt as to
how much is true and how much is false. So I think it
will repay for the use of a paragraph or two to quote
from an appeal sent by the faculty of the University of
Jassy to the minister of instruction in Bucharest. This
was published in the Adeverul, the progressive afternoon
daily of the Roumanian capital. It was later published
in the New York Times. These statements give you a
true and amazing picture of university student life in
Roumania, in relation to the Jews.

Here is what the faculty writes:

For a long time our university life has been
thrown into confusion by a fraction of the student
body who through agitations, strikes and acts of
brutality think they can solve state problems
which do not enter into the jurisdiction of uni-
versity preoccupations and are not for schools.to
solve. . . . Unfortunately, until now, no serious
measure has been taken to remedy the situation,
and things have reached the stage where the rela-
tions between the students and professors instead
of being those of collaborators for the attainment
of an ideal of culture and progress, are such that
the students do not show the least sign of respect
for their professors.

In conclusion the appeal says:

The confusion of university life is increasing,
and now it is such that professors have been
placed in the position of having to defend their
loves and their institutions with arms in hand, to
prevent their devastation at the hands of whom?
Of the students from whom the country, at great
sacrifice, has established these institutions.

"Echoes From Detroit Pulpits"1

How to Choose a Model Jew-
ish Library.

By Rabbi Leon Fram,
Temple Beth El.

Speaking on Jewish Book Week
at Temple Beth I'd last Saturday,
Rabbi Leon Frani stated that every
Jewish home should contain a Jew-
ish library.
"The presence of Jewish books
in the home." he said, "is indispen-
sable for the religious education of
Jewish buys and girls. By a Jew-
ish library is not meant books in
Hebrew or Yiddish, but books on
Jewish subjects written in English.
The presence of such a library in
any home reflects culture and good
taste." Out of a large number of
books available, Rabbi Fram select-
ed a model Jewish library which he
hopes will find its way into every
Jewish home in Detroit. He offers
the facilities of the school office
of Temple Beth El for the securing
of the books he recommends.

A MODEL HOME LIBRARY

CI

"The History of the Jews," by
Grautz.
"The Jewish Encyclopedia."
"The Works of Israel Zangwill."
The publications of the Jewish
Publication Society of America.
A $5.00 membership fee in the
Jewish Publication Society of Am-
erica entitles the member to the
publications of the society as they
are issued. In addition to that, it
is advisable to have in the Jewish
library all the works previously
published by the society. Among
these are such works as "Jewish
Life in the Middle Ages" by Israel
Abrahams, "Studer in Judaism" by
Solomon Schecter, slid the first au-
thorative English translation of the
Bible by Jests. The books issued
by the Jewish Publication Society
to its members during the current
year were: "The American Jewish
Year Book," being an invaluable
calendar for several years ahead,
"A History of the Jewish People"
by Marks and Margolis, the first
authorative one-volumn fewish his-
tory, "Kiddush Hashes," by Solo-
mon Ash, an Epic of the Year 1040,
which is a great novel, and Zang-
will's translation of the poems of
Solomon Ibn Gabirol.

Recent Public•tions.

Among the more recently issued
books on Jewish subjects, Rabbi
Fram recommends:
"Power," a novel by Fruchtwanger.
"The Dybbuk," a drama, by Ansky.
"Israel," by Ludwig Lewissohn.
"The Anthology of Modern Jewish
Poetry," by Raskin.
"The Jewish Anthology," by Fleg-
Samuel.
"Zionism," by L. Stein.
"The Real Jew," by H. Newman.
Jewish Art Books.
An adornment to the library or
living room of any home is any one
of the following richly illustrated
works of Jewish art:
"The Bible in Art," by Abel Pann,
of the Ilezolel School of Art,
Jerusalem.
"'The Song of Songs," by Z. Reb-
han.
"Jewish Motives," by Todras Gel-
ler.
Jewish Magazines.
Indispensable to the Jewish li-
brary are the following Jewish
magazines:
"The American Hebrew," New
York, a weekly.
"The Jewish Tribune," New York,
a weekly.
"The Menorah Journal," a hi-week-
ly.
"The Jewish Daily Bulletin," a
daily.
"Young Israel," a monthly maga-

zine for children.
Books for Younger Children.
Contrary to the general impres-
sion there is a rich store of Jewish
books for younger children—books
that 10 to 12 year-old boys and
girls will love to read.
None of
these books are confined to Bible
stories. In fact, Rabbi From does
not recommend that books of Bible
stories be given to younger chil-
dren. He *believes that the telling
of the Bible stories should be left
altogether to the religious school,
and that the edge of the child's in-
terest in the religious school lesson
shall not he dulled by his having
previously read looks of Bible stor-
ies.
Jewish Fairy Tales.

"Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends,"
by Aunt Naomi.
"The Jewish Fairy Book," by G.
Friedlander.
"Jewish Fairy Stories," by G.
Friedlander.
"The Magic Apples," by G. Fried-
lander.
"The Magic Flight" by Yoseph
Gaon
"Breakfast of the Birds" by .1.
Stei nberg.
Stories of Jewish Children.
"In Many Lands," by E. E. Levin-
ger.
"Playmates in Egypt," by E. E.
Levinger.
"The New Land," by E. E. Levin-
ger.
"Jewish Holiday Stories" by E. E.
Levinger.
"Stories of Child Life in a Jewish
Colony," by II. Trager.
"Festival Stories" by II. Trager.
"Pictures of Jewish Home-Life," by
II. Trager.
"The Heaven con the Sea," by S. Ish-
Kishor.
Tales of Jewish Heroes.
"Think and Thank," by S. W. Coop-
er—juvenile biography of Sir
Moses Monteliore.
"Step by Step" by A. S. Isaacs—
a juvenile life of Moses Men-
delsohn.
"The Young Champion." by A. S.
Isaacs—a juvenile life of Grace
Aguilar.
"Jews in Art," by S. Coffman.
"Great Men in Israel" by M. .1.
Weiss.
"Great Jews Since Bible Times," by
F. E. Levinger.
"Deborah," by J. W. Ludlow.
"Lost Prince Almon," by L. Pend-
leton.
"The Lost Kingdom," by Gordon.
For Confirmation Gifts.
Rabid Fram offers a brief but
carefully selected group of books
as gifts for confirmants. They are
Jewish books which the American

boy and girl will read spontaneou s .
ly with a great deal of pleasure:
"Stranger 'I' han Fiction," by Lew is
Browne.
"Akiba," by 51. Lehmann.
"The Vale of Cedars," by Grace
Aguilar.
"The Dreamers of the Ghetto," by
Israel Zangwill.
"The Seven-Branch Candlestick,"
by G. Gabriel.

"That Thy Brother Dwell

• I■

With Thee."

By Rabbi Moses Fischer,
Congregation B'nai Moshe.

Carlyle, the great historian and
austere moralist, wonders whether
we, children of a later generation,
who are accustomed in daily talk
and conversation to the ring and
chime of "great words and beau-
tiful metaphors," whether we hay.
even the slightest comprehension
of what a great poet he must have
been who employed the first time
in description and characteriza-
tion of the beauty of an object
simile, "beautiful and grand like
the stars."
The main must have indeed been
keenly alive to the radiating
beauty of the stars glimmering
with numberless fellow planets on
the dark azure bosom of the vast
expanse in the silent watches of
the night.
Ilis soul must have been entire-
ly overcome by that exhibition of
the wonder-worlds of magnift-
cence, of the light and harmony
that is revealed nightly to hint who
has learned to lift his gaze from
the sordidness of earth to the
heavens. "Beautiful as a star."
The whole canopy of the heavens
with its mystic fascination was re-
flected in those words.
I wonder how our primitive fa-
thers were affected. What a revo-
lution must have transpired in
their souls when, for the first time,
they heard their fellowmen called
"Brother."
How incomprehensible, utterly
unintelligible, must have sounded
to them the term "Brother" ap-
plied to someone not known to
them or knitted with a bond of
brotherhood to them.
Indeed, they were wont to look
upon all the human units round
them as upon so many dangerous
rivals in the race of life, in the
game to gain a livelihood front the
hard rock of existence. Brother!
One who is a stumbling-block to us
in our pursuit of the desirable
things of life! Not peace, love,
fellowship, but challenge, fight,
with destruction of each other
must have been the mental and
social attitude of men toward notch
other in the days of yore.
What a new dispensation!
Each fellow man, each human
unit, while hunting after the same
thing, is not a foe, an enemy, to
us. Ile is a brother, and on his
forehead is the stamp of the same
divine image. His heart responds
to the same depths, to the same
call.
If thy brother waxes poor thou
shalt succor him that thy brother
dwell with thee. Aid, succor, help-
fulness towards each other, broth-
erliness growing out of our com-
mon origin, the warmth of respon-
sibility and sympathy that throb;
and palpitates in the very word
"brother" is the law of the Torah
and of higher human conduct, in
opposition to the law of selfish-
ness, of the strong, of the violence
that reigns in the jungle.
"Thy brother dwell with thee."
Not that he merely vegetate at
thy side, not that, at the price of
hard labor, he merely be allotted
that mouthful of food that gives
him the vigor to be further thy
tool, thy machine.
Of Napoleon it is told that while
once on a voyage he overheard un-
observed the discussion of his of-
ficers, who tried to prove that
there is no God, that everything
is just nature, as people were wont
to say at that time, or that man
is a machine, as Darrow would put
it in our day. Surveying the star-
lit heavens, with a deep reverence
ringing in his voice, Napoleon
turned to the officers and said to
them: "You logic is faultless, but
would you mind telling me, gentle-
men, who ordained these stars in
the universe." In the same spirit
I would ask you and those who
deny the divine character of the
Torah: Gentlemen, if all is but
human work of the primitive ages,
who created all our codes of ethi-
cal conduct? Who put the law of
Brotherhood in the Torah?

The Brotherhood of Employ.
er and Employe.

By Rabbi Joseph Thumin,
Congregation Beth Abraham.

Arbitration between the em-
ployer and the employe, more
especially between the Jewish
master and his brother servant,
forms the basis of the "Parshe" of
this week. Definite laws are laid
down to which both parties are
subject and which make for amic-
able relations between the two.
The relation between the capi-
talist and his employes has been
a strained one throughout the his-
tory of proletarianism. The la-
borer complains that the master.
be he shop owner and direct su-
perintendent, or be he merely cap-
italist and not directly connected
with the work and the working
conditions, is not in sympathy with
his troubles. Each individual la-
borer, is the complaint, is merely
a "hand" among a host of other
"hands' and is considered as a
machine rather than as a human
being horn to enjoy all the natural
rights of the sun and the earth.
On the other hand, the employer
complains just as bitterly of his
employes. They are always ob-
jecting to their wages and their
working conditions. They are al-
ways demanding changes which at
the time cannot be granted with-
out serious harm to the business.
From the master's point of view,
the laborers have no sympathy for
his work and his efforts to make
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