THE DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE

THEDEtROITJEWISII ORONICLE

Published Weekly by The Jswist Chronicle Publishing Ce.,

JOSEPH J. CUMMINS
JACOB MARGOLIS
JACOB H. SCHAKNE

Presiaent
Editor
General Manager

Entered as Second-clans 'twitter March 3, 1516. et the Postoffice .t Detroit,
Mich.. under the Act of March 3, 1839.

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The Detroit Jewl4h Chronicle Invites correspondence onsubject. of Interest
to the Jewish people. but disclaim, responsibility for an indorsement of the
views expressed by the writers.

March 18, 1927

V'Adar 14, 5687

Why the Criminal?

The present capital punishment agitation in Michi-
gan has evoked no end of bizarre, unscientific theories,
and maudlin sentimentalities as explanations for the
causes of crime.
A report was issued just a few days ago on the most
comprehensive survey of crime yet made. Edwin J.
Cooley, professor of criminology at Ford= University
and chief probation officer of the Magistrate Courts of
New York City, managed the experiment that studied
the family history, environment. personal history and
characteristics of 3,053 offenders in the Court of Gen-
eral Sessions during 1925 and 1926.
By reason of the fact that such a large number was
studied, the investigation has scientific value. The ap-
plication of the findings should have a direct bearing
upon the treatment of crime in New York and else-
where, inasmuch as it was conducted by a trained staff
of workers assisted by psychiatrists, psychologists and
physicians under the direction of Cardinal Hayes and
the Catholic Charities Probation Board.
In brief, the survey showed that there is no crimi-
nal type, as each criminal was found to be highly in-
dividualized and became a criminal due to different
combination of causes.
Crime is essentially a problem of untrained and ne-
glected youth. Forty per cent were under 21 years of
age and 62.8 per cent were under 25. Almost half of
them came from broken homes and only 32 per cent had
regular contacts with churches.
The two or three years preceding school age of six
are the most impressionable in the life of the child and
therefore highly important, for, if the child runs wild
during this period and shows anti-social tendencies
dangerous effects may be produced.
Most criminals are not mentally defective and al-
though the majority of criminals experienced poverty
in youth, the report cautions against the idea that pov-
erty causes crime.
It is the reaction of the individual to his particular
environment that causes crime. The crime is not an
isolated act brought about either by the sudden im-
pulse or the deliberate resolve to be a bad man, but is
the result of a series of influences which gradually de-
-. velop into the overt act. Two thirds of the 3,053
offenders were before the law before.
So long as courts deal with burglars, robbers and
murderers and not with John Doe who has a particular
history and an individual mental and emotional make
up, the crime problem cannot be solved.
Sentimentality, hysteria, blind rage, or drastic pun-
ishment will not cure youthful delinquency. It cannot
be checked by future threat of punishment or even the
gallows. Youth needs sympathy, profound understand-
ing, skillful guidance and training and all resources
of modern science during the period of critical growth
and infinitely difficult problem of adjustment.
All the correctional institutions have proven a fail-
ure in the effort to prevent or even reduce crime, is the
significant finding of Mr. Cooley.
We find this illuminating incisive, thoroughgoing
study a challenge to all those agencies in American life
TC
,St that deal with crime and criminals. Some purblind in-
dividuals who have neither energy nor capacity will say
T.
that all this may be true for New York but it does not
apply to our delinquents and criminals in Detroit.
In order to adjust the anti-social individual, his
whole attitude toward society must be changed, and
insofar as his condition is mainly environmental it is
possible to so change his environment that he can be
made over into a useful, socially conscious, human being.
This is the immediate problem and it requires sym-
pathetic understanding and scientifically trained staff
of workers who will treat each individual in the light
of his family history, environment, emotional and men-
tal make up and all those other factors that produced
the overt criminal act.
But there remains the great task which requires
"looking forward with the child instead of backward
with the adult." All those petulencies, idiosyncrasies,
frettings of the child under six are of much greater
consequence than heretofore believed. Under the spec-
ial impetus given by Freud, Jung and Adler, and later
by Watson, Dorsey and a host of psychoanalysts and
behaviorists we are beginning to realize that the acts
of children up until six years of age are probably more
important than at any other time. In our impatience
and blindness, we assure ourselves that the child will
outgrow all those bad habits exhibited during this most
impressionable period, that leaves no conscious mem-
ories with most of us. If we could distinctly recall what
happened to us before five years of age, the problem
may be simpler than it is, for those experiences are
deeply imbedded doing their work without our knowl-
edge of what they are.
In the light of this survey, can any reasonable person
with a regard for social and individual values offer cap-
ital punishment as a means of preventing murder? It
it frankly preposterous. Rage, sentimentality and pun-
ishment cannot be substituted for facts. We are ac-
cumulating them every day which proves conclusively
that only through the most careful, objective and scien-
tific study of the individual can he be salvaged for social

life.

'V '1' '1'

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."1"

Not So Good.

The Vilna Troupe •aS in Detroit last week and
staged two performances that gave rise to much specu-
lation as to the kind of plays that should be attempted
by even the most consummately artistic group on the
Yiddish stage. The troupe played Mirile Efross by Gor-
don and The Deluge by Berger. Mirile Efross is an au-
thentic picture of Jewish life in pre-war Russia. It
was an aesthetic holiday for the discriminating audience
that attended this dramatic achievement. All those
nuances that make for genuineness were understood by
the Vilner and so communicated to the attentive and
appreciative spectators.
But when they presented the Deluge, a different
story was told. It was an attempt to transcend their
own life. The Deluge is distinctly American, and al-
though versatility and flexibility seem to characterize
this exceptional group of men and women, yet their
limited knowledge of American life so obtruded itself
that the most sympathetic and admiring was compelled
to admit that here was absent that mark of authenticity
of artistic dramatic work. It is true that the stage
properties and lighting effects were abominable and
that the saloon did not even remotely resemble the
American saloon, and were the word Bar not printed on
the window, one could just as readily imagine it was an
ice cream parlor. All of these mechanical limitations
militated against the success of the performance, but
there was much more serious defect due to the fact that
the actors did not have a sufficient knowledge of Ameri-
can life, manners, habits of thought and attitude to
make it realistic.
In a sense, the play was pathetic. Men who in their
own milieu of Jewish, Russian and Polish life, whether
it be in the realistic or impressionistic form, give one the
sense of artistic portrayal that seems effortless were so
inept in the American that it seemed almost a carica-
ture.
We cannot help but appreciate the laudable am-
bition of the Vilna Troupe in its attempt to enlarge its
repertory of plays, but yet there are limitations which
cannot be transcended even by the ablest.
We hope that when these people again visit Detroit
that they stick to those plays of European life in which
they excel. It is much better to do a few things excel-
lently than to do many in a mediocre fashion.

Another Bubble Bursts.

The condition of thousands of Jewish workers in
France is evidence of the delicacy of the economic
structure of Europe. Not long ago it was estimated
that France could absorb 1,000,000 workers. Since
America has been practically closed to the workers of
Poland, Russia, Czecho Slovakia and Italy, France was
a welcome haven to those laborers who were unable
to find work or adjust themselves in their own lands.
All this has now changed clue to the rise in the
franc. During the period of the low franc, the factor-
ies of France were producing goods for the whole world
and everybody was employed, because with a stabilized
currency in the other countries enormous quantities of
goods could be purchased with the dollar, pound or
mark. Factories are now closed and the alien workers
who came in because of this artificial prosperity are un-
employed and on the verge of starvation. As alien
workers, they are discriminated against not because of
any special animus, but simply because in France as
elsewhere the alien has not the same rights and conse-
quently not the same privileges and advantages as the
native.
The Jewish workers who came from Russia and the
Italian workers are the worst off because France has no
trading agreements with these countries, and although
the condition of the workers from Poland and Czecho
Slovakia is slightly better, it is far from satisfactory.
All of this is but another post war repercussion. The
failure to synchronize currency stabilization all over
Europe has artifically stimulated work and trade with
the consequence that a period of counterfeit prosperity
and employment prevailed only to be toppled like a
house of cards as soon as deflation and stabilization took
place.
But no matter what the explanation, the stubborn
fact remains that the precarious condition of European
Jewry is still one of the most troublesome and apparent-
ly insoluble problems facing Europe today. In the day
when America had her doors opened wide, the Jew
came here with the knowledge that he would not be
shuttled back and forth with the frequency that has
been his lot since the end of the war.
The crisis in France proves conclusively that the
matter of immigration has an economic background that
is more pervasive than accredited it by our restriction-
ists. When industry was flourishing, thousands found
their way there. but with the stoppage of work. the
movement has been definitely curtailed if not entirely
stopped.
It is the opinion of those who are in close touch with
economic, financial and industrial conditions that this
is a passing phase and its most acute aspects will soon
he liquidated. In that event there is still the belief that
France will have need of additional hundreds of thou-
sands of workers who will fill the places of the men
killed during the war. Even though that is true. it will
not appreciably relieve the acute economic problems
of Poland and Italy. where the excess population has
become a serious menace to the whole of their national
life.
The Jews of Poland and Russia have little to en-
courage them in the direction of migration to other
lands.
1)r. Gruenbaum undoubtedly is correct when he
says that 1000,000 Jews must leave Poland. We ask
whither. Palestine is a pious wish, but he knows that
at the present juncture it is nothing more. After much
circling, we come back to a starting point. The solu-
tion of the Polish and Russian Jewish problem is in Po-
land and Russia. That it will entail suffering and mis-
ery, that there will be desperation and failures, we
have not the least doubt, but if a solution is to be found
it must be in Poland and Russia.
France was a temporary refuge. Even the most
sanguine never expected that it would or could meas-
urably relieve the hard conditions of the Jews between
the Rhine and the Urals.

Sapiro vs. Ford

(Copyright, 1927, Jewish Telegraphic
Agency.)

(Editor's Note:--The opening, of
Aaron Sapiro's $1,000,000 Idol suit
against Henry Ford is awaited with
great interest. The trial, which has
been postponed several times, is fin-
ally opened in Detroit. The follow-
ing article recalls to the reader the
data and facts upon which the case
will he tried.)

On May 22, 1920, the Dearborn in-
dependent, owned by Henry Ford, be-
gan the publication of a series of vi-
cious attacks upon the Jewish people
entitled "The International Jew,"
which was based largely upon the
spurious "protocols." This series ran
from May to October, 1920.
Another series attacking Jewish
activities in the United States and an
alleged Jewish control of money, the-
aters, moving pictures, etc., continued
from October, 1920, to March, 1921.
This series continued in June and
July of 1921 and charged an alliance
of the Jews with the Bolsheviks on
the one hand and the capitalists on
the (other hand.
In December, 1921, until January,
1922, additional articles were pub-
lished attempting to link the Jews
with Benedict Arnold and treason to
America. This series ended with it
promise to publish additional articles
of the same nature but along differ-
ent lines.
O n April 12, 1924, the Dearborn
Independent announced and began
the publication of a new series of at-
tacks upon the Jews under the head-
ing of "Jewish Exploitations of Farm-
ers' Organizations." This series
charged that a conspiracy existed
among certain prominent Jew's to
seize control of the agricultural pro-
ducts of America and to exploit the
American farmer for the financial
profit of a band of Jews and for the
interest of ter• "higher control,"
namely, "The International Jewish
Banking Ring." This series of ar-
ticles continued from April, 1924,
until April II, 1925, and after that
date sporadic repetitions have ap-
peared up to the present time.
These articles gave names and spe-
cifically charged that Aaron Sapiro
was one of the authors and the prin-
cipal spokesmen for this conspiracy
of Jews, and had used co-operative
marketing associations as a mere
trap in the scheme of Jewry to get
control of the American farmers and
communize the farm boys and girls.
The article charged that such promi-
nent men as Otto Kahn, Julius Ro-
senwald, Albert Lasker, Eugene
.Mayer, Jr., Paul Warburg, Barney
Baruch and Herbert Mortimer Fleish-
aker were associated with Aaron Sa-
piro in this conspiracy and were help-
ing him loot the American farmer.
Although the Dearborn Indepen-
dent articles attacked ninny promi-
nent American Jews, Aaron Sapiro
was the first to meet these false and
vicious attacks upon the Jewish peo-
ple by bringing Henry Ford into court
to answer a libel suit for $1,000,000.
This suit was filed April 21, 1925, It
was brought by Aaron Sapiro indi-
vidually. Ilenry Ford has actually
been served and brought into court
as a defendant. and so has his com-
pany, the Dearborn Publishing Com-
pany. The declaration charges that
each one of the publications from
April, 1924. to April, II, 1)125, are
libels. To a large extent the personal
libels are disregarded and 141 sepa-
rate libels are net forth, in almost all
of which the charge is made that a
conspiracy of Jews existed to exploit
agriculture. Thus Mr. Ford was given
an opportunity to prove that the
charge that he has no frequently
made in the columns of the Dearborn
Independent, and to disclose the facts
in support of his claim of an inter-
national conspiracy of Jews to con-
trol the world. However, Mr. Ford
did not avail himself of this oppor-
tunity, but sought, first, to delay, and
second, to cloud the issue by claiming
that no Jewish question was involved
but purely an economic question con-
cerning the value of co-operative
marketing as advocated by Aaron Sa-

For more than one year he has
Pir"V
sought to exhaust the financial re-
sources of Sapiro by taking deposi-
tions continuously, day after day, in
different parts of the United States
until depositions had been taken in
practically every state in the Union.
Although tens of thousands of
pages of testimony were taken by
Ford and his corps of lawyers and
thousands of exhibits have been col-
lected by Ford's agents and lawyers
throughout America, not an iota of
this testimony relates to the principal
issue of the alleged Jewish conspir-
acy.
On numerous occasions the case
has been set for trial. It was first
definitely set for trial in March, )92f.
Then Mr. Ford employed Senator
Reed of Missouri to secure a continu-
once and after a battle by Sapiro to
secure a trial and by Ford to secure
a postponement, Judge Tuttle of the
United States District Court in De-
troit granted Ford a continuance on
condition that the case go to trial on
Sept. 14, 1926. Ford used the inter-
vening six months taking testimony
from California to Maine, but when
the trial (late arrived Senator Reed
and seven prominent lawyers engaged
to help in the defense again appeared
to ask for a further continuance. This
time Judge Tuttle denied their re -
quest and announced that he would
try the care on Sept. 14. 1926, as
ordered. Thereupon Henry Ford filed
an affidavit disqualifying Judge Tut-
tle from trying the case. Judge
Hough of Columbus. Ohio, was Shell
designated to hear the Ford motion
for a continuance and granted Ford
a further delay of six months and set
the case for definite trial on March
7, 1927. On Feb. I. 1927, Fero) fin-
ally filed an amended answer of ovotr
200 typewritten pages, divided into
400 paragraphs, in which the attempt
is made to justify the libel, published
in the pages of the Dearborn Inde-
pendent.
Throughout this entire Ford an-
swer the claim is nowhere made that
any Jewish conspiracy or Jewish ring
to exploit agriculture or anything else
exists in America or elsewhere. The
word Iew or Jewish is not even men-
tioned in the pleading. The 200 pages
and the 400 paragraphs, aside from

(Continueit on next pre.)

[ United Hebrew Schools Impart to
Children A Jewish Consciousness

Six Talmud Torahs of Which Bernard Isaacs Is Superintendent
Teach Hebrew As a Living Language to Nearly
Two Thousand Children.

When Abie was 5 years old, and
lived in the ghetto of a little Russian
town with his parents and brothers
and sisters, his father solemnly con-
ducted hint to the "rebe" to begin
his studies at the cheder. Abie went
to cheder every day, learning the He-
brew prayers, until he was 13 years
old, when he became bar mitzvah.
His parents gave it big party in honor
of the day, with the rabbi of the
town and the rebe as honored guests,
and during the after-dinner speeches
they proudly beamed when their boy
gave his memorize(' parrot-like talk.
Today, 30 years later. when Abie's
son Arthur has reached the age of
5 years, his father takes hint to the
nearest Talmud Torah of the United
Hebrew Schools--say the one at Phil-
adelphia and Byron avenues—and
registers him in the kindergarten. If
he lives for from the school Attie ar-
ranges to have the boy called for and
brought biome by the school bus, sa
his mother does not have to worry
lest her son be hurt in crossing the
streets.
Arthur is given no oppuortunity
to become homesick when he enters
his classroom, for the kindergarten is
very like the one he attends every
morning at public school. Of course
some things are different. There is
a slide on which he can play and
there Are pictures on the walls quite
unlike those he sees at public school.
Also the words written on the black-
board are peculiar looking to him.
At first the class is strange, he has
never heard such funny words before,
but when he sees the (alter children
run and jump, pick on the chalk or
eraser, slide on the slide and do other
things as the result of the teacher's
commands in this new tongue, he
Frton learns the meaning of the words
himself. Thus he begins his study
of the Hebrew language.
The kindergartens of the United
Hebrew Schools are the only ones (of
their kind in this country, outside of
New York. Specially trained kinder-
garten teachers conduct the classes,
under the expert supervision of Miss
Leah Pike, who received her educa-
tion in Palestine, the land of her
birth. There are kindergartens in
each of the six schools of the Unite,'
Hebrew Schools, with more than 200
children attending. Only very small
children-4, 5 and 6 years old—aro
taken in these classes; those who en-
ter at a later age start in other
groups. The kindergarten duplicates
that of the public school, with the im-
portant exception that the language
used is Hebrew, the stories told art
Hebrew folk tales and fables, and
the holidays celebrated are the Jew-
ish holidays. When the children
make a cup with their modeling clay,
it is a cup to be used on Friday night
for Kiololush; matzoohs are made for
Pesach and grogers (noisemakers)
for Purim.
The children, after spending ap-
proximately a half-year in the kin-
dergarten, enter the first grade and
then progress rapidly tie slowly, ac-
cording to their ability. The same
grading system as is found in the
public schools, is used, i. e., two terms
for each school year. Bernard Isaacs.
superintendent, believes that a child
should be advanced as quickly as he
or she is able to assimilate the know)-
edge imparted. Thus many members
of the first class received their cer-
tificates of graduation in much less
time than the prescribed seven years
which the course is slated to take.
With the renaissance of Hebrew
some 15 years ago the agitation for
modern schools to teach the language
began and such schools were organ-
ized, first in the East and later
throughout the country. The prin•
cipal difference between the old-fash-
ioned cheder and the modern Hebrew
school is found in the treatment of
the language—in the former Hebrew
is taught as a dead language, while
in the latter it is a living, spoken
tongue. The movement to make Pal-
estine the Jewish homeland helped to
stimulate the modernizing of the lan-
guage, since Hebrew is the spoken
tongue in the Holy Land. The work
of the United Hebrew Schools is con-
stantly linked up with the growth of
the Schools in Palestine and the chil-
dren here made to realize that the
language which they are studying in
Detroit, after their public school
hours, is the same language that the
Jewish children in the Holy Land
speak in their daily life.
Back in 1919 a group of men and
women in Detroit who were interested
in organizing modern Hebrew schools
for the training of their children in-
vited Bernard Isaacs, then in Indian-
apolis, to come here and open a Tal-
mud Torah which should embody the
best methods then used in the teach-
ing of Jewish children. Mr. issues,
in April of that year, opened the Tal-
mud Torah on Wilkins street, which
was then in the heart of the Jewish
section. The school grew rapidly and
as the Jewish population also grew
and large numbers of families set-
tled in different sections of the city,
schools were added in order to ac-
commodate the largest number of
children. Thus today there are six
Talmud Toorahs, which together con-
stitute the United Hebrew Schools:
Kirby Center, with more than 600
children attending; Philadelphia and
Byron Talmud Torah, with 500 chil-
dren; Westminster Talmud Torah,
where the attendance is 300; the Fen-
kell School, where 200 children study,
and a new Talmud Torah on Brush
street near the Six-Mile road. with
about 100 boys and girls. The Wind-
sor Talmud Torah, which has an en-
rollment of 200 children, is also un-
der the direction of the United He-
brew Schools, but it has its own finan-
cial board.
With more than 40 teachers the
classes at the Talmo(' Torahs are lim-
ited to from 20 to 30 pupils, so each
child may receive some personal at-
tention. The children attend school
for an hour and a half a day, five
days a week. There is no school Fri-
day afternoon or Saturday, but on
the morning of the Sabbath tSatur-
day I religious services are conducted
to which the older children are in-
vited. Classes start at 4 o'clock and
continue until 8:30, changing at 5:30
and at 7. The young children begin

their work at 4 so they can be home
before 6 o'clock, while the higher
classes and the high school are con-
ducted at the last period, which be-
gins at 7 o'clock.
Each teacher retains his or her
classes for at least a year and, when
a class shows particular aptitude fur
study under a certain teacher, that
teacher may continue with the group
for as many years as he desires. One
of the teachers it! the Philadelphia
and Byron Talmud Torah, who is vi-
tally interested in His small group of
boys and girls, has taught them fur
the past three years and intends keep-
ing the class until the pupils gradu-
ate.
Although the eighth anniversary of
the founding of the United Ilebrotw
Schools will net be celebrated until
April, 1927, there have been three
classes graduated. Twe years ago
the boys and girls who hall received
their certificates
of
graduation
showed such a marked interest in
their Hebrew studies that the board
of education organized A high schood
department at Kirby Center. Here
approximately 7, boys and girls are
continuing. their studies; many ulti-
mately to prepare for the rabbinate
or to become Hebrew teachers. Same
of the advance,' students Oct as as-
sistant teachers and others are given
an opportunity to practice teaching
by acting as substitutes in the bower
grades. Many of those who are pre-
pa•ing, to become Hebrew teachers
also attend classes at Detroit Teach-
ers College to learn the modern peda-
gogical methods, which are required
by the United Hebrew Sehools as
well as by the public schools. The
first class of high school graduates
will complete its work in about a
year. Isador Rosenberg, who joined
the staff of the United Hebrew
Schools in the fall of 1925, is prin-
cipal of the high school AS Well as
principal of Kirby renter.
The high school has enrolled nearly
all the graduates of the elementary
courses. The curriculum includes an
intensive study of the Talmud, ad-
vanced history and modern and an-
cient Hebrew. literature. Current
events of the Jewish world are re-
viewed constantly. For example,
when the famous author, Achad
lia'am, died a month ago, a special
study of his life and works was made
in the various high school classes.
Dr. Samson Benderly of New York,
director a 35 Hebrew Schools in that
city, visited the United Hebrew
Schools recently in order to observe
the work being done in Detroit. Dr.
Benderly, who is noted for being ex-
tremely reticent in giving praise,
lauded the schools highly in a short
talk which he gave before the parents
of the pupils. During his visit Dr.
Benderly also delivered short talks
before the teachers and the alumnae
of the schools. The management of
the schools gave a banquet in honor
of Dr. Benderly while the noted edu-
cator WAS in Detroit.
Before closing, some mention must
be made of the interest shown by the
mothers of the children attending the
schools. The women have organized
auxiliaries and hold weekly and bi-
weekly meetings at the Talmud Te-
nths. Their purpose is to co-(operate
with the schootls in every possible
way, including the care of the school
busses,
At various times (luring the year,
usually in celebration of sumo huli-
(lay such as Chanukah, the children
present a varied program to which
their families and friends are invited.
The programs consist of playlets--
showing scenes of Jewish life—reci-
tations, symbolic dances, group and
solo singing and playing.
In every way possible the children
are led to acquire a Jewish conscious-
ness; are taught the glories and sor-
rows of their people,
they, too,
may carry on the heritage.
Esser Rabinowitz, president of the
United Hebrew Schools, has headed
the schools since the Wilkins Street
Talmud Torah was started in April,
1919, having been re-elected each
year. The other officers are: .1.
Friedberg, vice-president; David Rob-
inson, treasurer; Abraham Rogvoy,
secretary; Louis Duscoff, chairman of
buildings, and M. B. Cohen, chairman
of the house committee. The United
Ilebr•w Schools is a charter member
of the Jewish Welfare Federation of
Detroit.

INADEQUATE

Various reform organizations of
the church and outside of it, aided
by isolated individuals here and there,
will be inadequate unless there is a
widespread and progressive %meliora-
tion of the moral tone of society. Our
moral status is anaemic. It is absurd
to talk (of purifying the stage when
the public press is flaringly flaunted
in our eyes, carrying the putrescence
of the scandal of public or private in-
dividuals. It is incongruous to talk
about lifting the tone of the stage
when public court rooms are opened
free to spread such sickening sordid-
ness as salacious appetites hunger to
feed on. Let our various agencies of
culture and religion not discuss by
names these various journals that
thus pander to passion and boost
through due recognition those which
consider propriety as well as profit.
—The Supplement,

A CHURCH PRESS

I would like to see the church of
America of all denominations com-
bine for the publication of a daily
newspaper that shall subordinate
profit to principle and he a purveyor
to those ideals for which all church
people may be presumed to stand
apart from their specific theological
or denominational interests. There
is a large common ground of life,
viewed ethically and morally, upon
which the churches can agree. To
promote this, they should combine
and co-operate persistently.—Alexan-
der Lyons in the Supplement.

You are like the eel of Melon: you
cry out before you're skinned.

He knows not on which leg to
dance.

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2..1÷

-1

I

