rfiffigrRorri jEwisa ..'t, "Otb'ebtb'O'b'et'O'b'Ob'ebt-btOt-b' 'b'6 '10'6b'6 ' bedb'ffb" b' . 4.0 O'd '6"b' TII-EDETROITJEWISII (ARON ICLE Pahnshed Washy bye The bdd CZ:2 JOSEPH J. CUMMINS JACOB MARGOLIS JACOB H. SCHAKNE Entered those in power? Was he not among the most vocifer- ous and adamant opponents of free speech and press in Russia? Even more, he insisted upon compulsory la- bor, and only when it was found to be ineffective was C., inc. Presment Editor General Manager as second-class matter March 9, DIM at the PostollIce Mich., under the Act of March 3, 11, 79. the scheme abandoned. Democracy was ridiculed by the dictator Trotzky when he was in the saddle. And now that he no longer dominates the party he favors an extension of demo- cratic principles, but Stalin and Bucharin are not so inclined at the present writing and, therefore, his book is on the black list. This is a delicious case of the biter bitten and few will have any sympathy with him, al- though they will agree that there should be greater freedom and more democracy in Soviet Russia. Aside from the fact that the doctrine of dictatorship has had a curious application in the case of Trotzky, there is still another reason of even greater significance which explains the proscription of his last book. Since Stalin has adopted the policy of peaceful penetration and has abandoned the theory of revolutions for the rest of Europe and America, it becomes necessary to silence those elements which would still keep alive the revolutionary myth. Trotzky is still persuaded that the revolution can be saved if all power is concentrated in the hands of the proletarian elements. The majority of Russians have decided by an overwhelming vote that henceforth the peasants shall control and that a definite nationalist policy take the place of the revolutionary policy heretofore followed. Most logical, therefore, that Trotzky be deprived of all influence. How can those capitalist countries, that were suspicious of the sincerity of Soviet promises, be assured that a new leaf has been turned? What can Stalin do to persuade America that the day of revolution is passed and that no longer will Bolshevik propaganda be carried on? The matter is simple. Trotzky is the symbol of revolu- tion. Since 1905 he has swept across the world stage as the storm center of revolution. It is not enough that he was shorn of all authority and power in Soviet af- fairs, he must be treated like all those who have dared to oppose the dictatorship. The new dictatorship is not at all unacceptable or in bad repute. It begins to resemble the Italian brand and there has been no hesi- tancy in recognizing Fascist dictatorship. It is our hon- est opinion that Stalin and his group have really aban- doned all hope of a Bolshevik revolution in Europe and are actually directing all their energies to the building up of a peasant nationalist bureaucracy. Under such an arrangement Trotzky can find no place. He can speculate on the ingratitude of dictatorships, but he will hardly do that. He is not given to such futilities. He may even call those who sympathize with him of- ficious vulgarians, as he did upon a former occasion when one of his admirers tried to prove the correctness of his views when he wanted no one to agree with him except the dominant party. Will Trotzky try to have the book published elsewhere? It is an interesting question. at Detroit, General Offices and Publication Building 525 Woodward Avenue Telephone: Cadillac 1040 Cable Address: Chronicle tendon Once: 14 Stratford Place, London, W. 1, England. Subscription, in Advance $3.00 Per Year To insure publication, all correspondence and news matter must reach this office by Tuesday e•ening of each week. When mailing notice., kindly use one side of the paper only. The Detroit Jewish Chronicle Invites correspondence on subjects of interest to the Jewish people, but disclaims responsibility for an indorsement of the views expressed by the writers. February 18, 1927 Adar 16, 5687 Dr. Norris Finds No Prohibition. AD 'dD "Until all our citizens take a pledge, there is only one remedy and that is absolute and strict enforcement by the Federal, State and Municipal authorities. The reverse the medallion is that the customs, habits, mor- als and the religious observances of millions of people are to be altered by some miraculous psychological transformation which I have seen, heard or know noth- ing of." The foregoing statement is the crux of the fill ings of Dr. Charles Norris, chief medical examiner of the Department of Health of New York City, in his report on the workings of prohibition, made to Mayor James Walker. He found that 741 persons died of alcoholism during the year 1926, while many deaths from the same cause were not reported. From all the evidence collected by him, he concluded that prohibition was non-existent and that there was practically no good whiskey sold, al- though drinking was indulged in exactly as before the passage of the constitutional amendment and the Vol- stead Act. No longer is the question one of morals or legal enforcement. The health of the community is endangered by the vile products of the tenement dis- tillery, home brewery and speakeasies which now out- number the licensed saloons of pre-prohibition days. Dr. Norris examined the records of all of the New York hospitals covering the period from 1914 to 1926. The curve shows a marked fall in the years 1918, 1919 and 1920, and since then it has gone up until the year 1926, when it equalled the high point of the wet era. The findings of Dr. Norris will be attacked by the dry protagonists who see wet propaganda in every re- port that differs from their fanatical beliefs. But the doctor offers an alternative to the miraculous psycholog- ical transformation of the people. He advocates strict and complete enforcement. After seven years of na- tional prohibition, nobody is so silly and fatuous as to believe that it is humanly possible to prevent the manu- facture, sale and transportation of all intoxicating liquors. Will the dry forces remain untouched by the accum- ulating facts or will they become realistic? If they would calmly and objectively consider the fact that all the countries that had legislated against drink have either abolished or modified their prohibition laws, then they would at once make some effort to find out how the whole question of drink could be handled with in- telligence and with regard to the health, morals and happiness of the people. No doubt there are many unreasoning prejudiced bigots among the prohibitionists whose ecstasy is unmis- takable when they read of the thousands dying of pois- ened whisky, but the majority is made up of men and women who are primarily concerned about the health and welfare of the community. The majority was shocked by the expose of alcohol poisoning as an ap- proved practice of the Treasury Department. Can it be said that America has no conscience? Is the enforcement of a hastily passed and ill-considered law of greater moment to the people of the United the States than the saving of lives and safe-guarding health of the citizens? It is very well to talk of self-discipline and educa- tion. The fact is that self-discipline and education are desiderata not yet attained and until they are, some- thing must be done to meet this real situation that is en- dangering the lives and health of the whole nation. A Nordic Passes. The death recently of Houston Stewart Chamberlain ended the career of one who did more to revive the Nordic superiority cult than anybody of his generation. Had the war not happened, he would hardly have risen The Ingratitude of Soviets. A hoary complaint voiced by the popular idols in that democracies is the ingratitude of the people. Now dictatorships have become the fashion in so many coun- tries of Europe, it is interesting to note that the same attitude is shown by the dictated. Manners and morals seem to be just about the same in widely separated areas and under different systems of government, if the case of Leon Trotzky is any criterion. In addition to being one of the two original dictators of Russia, the commander-in-chief of the Red Army, sponsor for scheme of enforced labor. he is one of the most prolific and incisive of all writers in Soviet Russia. He covered a wide range of subjects, from literary and art criticism to sociological polemics. In the latter field he is at his best, for he has been so long a revolu- tionist and had so many contacts with every phase of all the movements that he could draw upon his pro- found and abundant knowledge to confuse his adver- saries whether it be in book or speech. The last episode in which he figured prominently was the fifteenth congress of the Communist party. He, together with Zinovieff and Kameneff, were ig- nominously routed by Stalin and Bucharin in the contest to determine whether the peasantry or the city workers should dominate. Trotzky could not let this debacle pass without writ- ing a book upon it. The title of the book is "Attempt- ing to Change Communist Dictatorship." He and his confreres did not succeed in changing Communist dicta- torship and consequently the dictatorship, to be con- sistent with its theory and practice, banned the book. This is rollicking good humor and the comic spirit, which has really had a busy time since the establish- ment of the dictatorship of the prbletariat in Russia, is I why should much amused by this latest incident. Trotzky's book not be banned? Why should he be privileged to publish a book which dares to criticize lc .7.c 7,t...7.c, r.:—AV ). 0 "J.0 ted.WIT.Me-ildittlatielAtittstt- MMI`strit'ittleialsktvletlitateMittAt above the countless mediocrities and befuddled chau- vinists who busied themselves in stirring national and racial animosities in a very limited field. Although the nationalist spirit and psychology was an irrefutable fact before the war, yet among scientific. men the baroque theories of a Chamberlain, by which he sought to prove that every great figure hi civilization was a Nordic, were given no consideration whatsoever. But during the period when men believed in unspeakable atrocity stories as well as miraculous feats, it seemed not unrea- sonable to make the claim that Jesus, Michael Angelo and Leonardo Da Vinci were Nordics. With the lines of demarkation sharply drawn by the war, the racial cultist became a super patriot. He ap- pealed to an ever increasing gullible audience that was satisfied only with exaltation of his own tribe and dep- recation of the enemy. Even men of science who are ordinarily skeptical and tough minded fell victims to the emotional debauch which held the nations in thrall. In Europe the Cuzas, Hittlers, Ludendorffs and Mus- solinis are the by-product of the racial superiority cult so sedulously disseminated by Mr. Chamberlain. The Swastika, Ilakenkreuzler and Fascism, which spread like a plague, made of Europe at once a madhouse of violence and a comic opera of extravagant pretensions. America (lid not escape this epidemic any more than it did the influenza after the war. Although our im- munities against the disease were strong because of the admixture of race and nationality, yet the dominant group ran amuck much in the same fashion as did their cousins in Europe. Our dose of Ku Kluxism and Nordic superiority at times threatened to become a serious mat- ter, but fortunately the attempt of superimposing a super state upon the existing state appealed only to the lunatic fringe. However, during the panicky period some first rate scientists like Professor East, Conkling and De Ward, joined the company of the Madison Grants. Wiggams and other lineal descendents of Chamberlain. All of these men and organizations were markedly anti-Semitic, with the exception of Italian Fascism. It could hardly have been otherwise, particularly in the defeated countries. for who could be used as whipping boy better than the Jew. In America, although the Jew was caught in the klan net together with Catholics. Negroes and aliens, yet the special animus of the klan was directed against the Catholic, while the Nordics were primarily concerned about Jewish influence and how to minimize and eventually destroy it. Those who were the victims of Nordicism. in their ardor to prove the ethnic and biologic unsoundness of race superiority, did often overshoot the mark and at- tempt to prove Semitic or Alpine or Negro superiority. The whole discussion precipitated by Mr. Chamber- lain has focused a great deal of scientific attention upon the subject. The scientific world has not beer able to accept the theory of racial superiority as such, although it was able to accept racial classification as an existing fact. For Europe and America the idea of race purity is a myth which served the purpose of the megalo- maniacs. The inspired voice of Nordicism is silenced and un- less there is a recrudescence of chauvinism due to an- other war, his followers will become just as silent as their master. 1.4. r7C7.c . .W. ' Q.2. Q..7. C...W.9.0 The Jew in Athletics By Harold M. Abrahams. (Copyright, 1927, Jewish Telegraphic Agency.) (Editor's Note:— Harold M. Ab- rahams is a name synonymous with athletics. Almost a legendary figure as a runner, one of the finest England has produced, he was the winner at the Olympic games in Paris in 1925. He was Britain's great hope in the international games, and the whole country was cast into gloom when in one of his runs he strained himself and was in- capacitated for a year. He has been awarded a medal by the French Academic Des Sports. To Cam- bridge University, his Alma Mater, to which he has brought repeated athletic honors, Harold M. Abra- hams is a hero, and the memory of his presidency of the Cambridge University Athletic Club is kept green there. Ile has devoted him- self not only to running and athlet- ics generally and to keeping himself fit as an athlete. He has also stud- ad athletics as a scientific subject and he writes extensively concern- ing it. Anything on athletics from his pen is regarded as authoritative As a Jew, Harold M. Abrahams has demonstrated in English and in In- ternational Athletics, the possibili- ties of the Jew as an athlete, as the fleet-footed, supple-jointed runner who even by the very name of the Olympic races is in the general mind associated with the physical culture ideal of the ancient Creeks. Ile has shown his interest in the develop- ment of athletics among the Jews by becoming president of the Jewish Athletic Association in England which exists to foster sprts and all forms of athletics among the young Jews in the country. In this article, Harold M. Abrahams shows how fitted the Jews are for the superior- ity in athletics and ho— they may he expected to get to the front in athletics as they have in every other activity in life.) A comparison between the achieve- ments of Jews and Gentiles from the point of view of athletic achievements, must fail at the outset through lark of reliable (or indeed available) sta- tistics. Apart from such information as a Jewish name may convey. it is impossible to tell in the majority of cases whether or not a man is racially a Jew. I approach this topic from a racial point of view and shall hone to show that the man with Jewish blood in him will have from heredity char- acteristics admirably suited to excel- lence at certain branches of genet. I approach the problem racially, be- cause an approach from any other as- pect is doomed to lead one into an abyss almost at once. Suppose we were to apnroach it religiously. Such an attempt would he futile, because thousands of people with Jewish names do not subscribe to the tenets of Juda- ism. I must beg leave to submit that the Jew must be considered as the man who was horn of Jewish parents on both sides and who so far as we can tell is the child of pure (if that word can really mean anything) Jewish blood. I put myself in this category, because my immediate ancestors came tram Poland of Jewish parentage for some generations. One must make it clear that a strict adherence to Judaism would prevent one from participating in Saturday competition and as a result the "strict" Jew could never hope to attain inter. national recognition since at a con- servative estimate, 90 per cent of im- portant competitions are held on Sat. urday afternoon. A religion (nun such) that is one's philosophy in life or theistic views has little if anything to do with the qualities which charac- terize an athlete. True, clean living and rigid self-denial are the founda- tions of athletic success, but these could hardly be termed the tenets of a religion, First, let me give my own experi- ence of qualities which make for suc- cess in sport. Jews as a whole are quick thinkers and possess consider- able (in fact often far too much) imagination. I once won a race against a very much superior runner. merely because I imagined what must happen if I was to win. i raced the race beforehand very vividly in my mind. and reconstructed it in all its possibilities so clearly. that three days before it actually took place, I heard the crowd cheering me at the last cor- ner as I spurted for the lead. The race happened as I conceived to the small- est detail and I was consequently ab- solutely at home and knew the "At- mosphere" to a nicety. Another Jewish characteristic is that we all have a high opinion of our ability. and though this leads to de- pression and often to an exaggerated estimate of the value of victory or de- feat, the self-assurance and confidence which this opinion creates are valu- able assets in competition. "Failure is only for those who think failure." "Getting the wind up" which plays such a vital part is a state of mind which the highly-strung Jew easily persuades himself, and though I have sometimes found this no intense as al- most to produce inaction through acuteness of the fear, I value this characteristic as a decided asset when properly under . control. Of recent years we have Jews attaining to the highest honors in many branches of sport. Boxing has been a sport par- ticularly favored by Jews for some generations, and the history of pugi- lism resounds with Jewish names. Here again the quick thinking and quick action of l t e—il swish tempera- ment is a decid advantage. There have been Jews . ho have excelled at cricket, lawn te nis, boxing, running, jumping, Rugby football, and swim- ming. Of recent years in England many Jews have been prominent in univer- sity athletics. In track I know of two athletes who have obtained half-blues (since the war) at Oxford University, and at Cambridge there has been C. F. Davis who won the mile for Oxford and Cambridge against Harvard and Yale in South Africa in the 192-1 Olympic games. A recent boxing cap- tain of Cambridge University also was a Jew, and there has been a Jewish Rugby Football Blue. In table tennis in the person of the Hon. Ivor Montague we had one of the most enthusiastic modern support- ers of the game as well as a player of high class ability. (Continued on next page.) American Jewish Boy in Agriculture By DR. HERMAN FRANK Farming is beginning to attract larger numbers of American born and American reared Jewish young men. Forty-nine per cent of the 682 farm workers placed by the Jewish Agricul- tural Society during 1924 were born in the U. S., and 22 per cent came here in early youth. Usually farm laborers, after being placed by the so- ciety, return to the same jobs in suc- ceeding years. In 1908, the Farm La- lair Department's first year, only 12 per cent of the applicants were grad- uates of farm schools, whereas 51 per cent of those placed in 1924 were trained men. In 1925 569 men were placed in 12 states. This brings the placements since 1908 to 15,431. Al- though the number of experienced la- borers increases from year to year, the supply of skilled men is always below the demand. The step from farm laborer to farm- er is not a short one. More than pre- paration by theory and experience is required, and the number of farm "hands" that has graduated into farm ownership is necessarily small. But in practically every case where a farm owner has been evolved from a trained laborer the resultant farm en- terprise has been signally successful. An ever growing contingent of skilled farm laborers is therefore strengthen- ing, both numerically and qualitatively the Jewish farm class in this country. Although a generation ago it might seem hard fur some to realize that the Jew's notable power of adaptation would go so far as to fit him into farm- ing, no observer of economical pro- cesses in American-Jewish life still looks upon the farming Jew as an ob- ject of curiosity. The fact that al- most one-half of the Jewish farmers in America have remained on their farms for over 10 years provides un- mistakable evidence that when once settled and oriented the Jewish farm- er becomes a stable component of the American farm population. Nor is there any ground for doubt as to the persistence of the trend towards agri- cultural occupations which marks the vocational development of the Jews in America. Cross Currents. Now, the number of farmers in America is constantly on the decrease but, despite the heavy drift from the farm, there is also a strong current in the other direction. The fact that, even in these years of the farmers' plight, every year almost 1,0j0,000 people exchange city for farm proves that farming is still the goal toward which the energies of ninny city peo- ple are directed. In recent years it was not at all unusual to meet Jewish boys whose love of outdoors inspired a sincere desire to seek the soil and a living in the open country. For the Jewish people as a whole the problem consists in directing this natural flow toward country life and guiding it along proper channels. American horn sons of the soil are steadily gravitating to the city. How dot, the Jew behave in this respect? The experience with Woodbine, N. J., the greatest .le•ish settlement in America, founded by the Baron de Hirsch Fund in 1801, is illuminating. A survey made in 1908 by the United States Senate committee covered all the Jewish farm settlements in the Eastern states. It showed that very few of the settlers' children who have arrived at maturity had been found on t he Woodbine farms. The ambitious and progressive ordinarily gut at least a high school education and went to New York, Philadelphia, and other large cities to engage in commercial pursuits. It was estimated for the colony as a whole that perhaps 25 per cent of the children between 18 and 25 years had departed in this way. Most of the others were content to re- main, not on the farms usually, but in the village, while they worked in the factories. As a general rule the children of the first generation of the Jewish farmers turned to other fields, where they sate quicker opportunities for advancement. But shrewd observers have always as- serted that Jewish boys are by no means inclined to leave agricultural pursuits than are children of the Gen- tile• farmer. Through the services of a special agency, particularly suited to the requirements and peculiarities of the Jewish boy born on the farm, the steady stream front the country can be measurably stemmed. Jewish Agricultural Schools. To give Hebrew pupils a very prac- tical education in agriculture and in- dustrial pursuits, the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural and Industrial School was established in woodbine in the year 1894, which threw its doors open to the Jews anywhere in the United States. In 1909 only 82 pupils were enrolled and but 5 per cent of the stu- dents came from Woodbine and vicin- ity. This educational experiment Was not a conspicuous success. The num- ber of the young men trained in the school whit were engaged in farming permanently near Woodbine was very small. Some of the graduates entered agricultural pursuits elsewhere, some were engaged in scientific work in agri- cultural colleges; some in large farm- ing operations as employees and a few were independent proprietors of farms elsewhere in the United States. The Woodbine Agricultural School attracted mostly those among the Jew- ish boys who were not long enough in this country to become thoroughly Americanized. Some of them were studiously inclined and full well pre- pared by a secondary education on the other side to enter an agricultural col- lege or another professional training. On account of the deficient knowledge of English they could not in a short time climb, however, so high as their honorable ambitions would justify. For this type of American-Jewish boy, the Woodbine Agricultural School was excellently fitted. With the virtual stoppage of immigration in 1915 the school automatically began to lose its feeding background and three years later was closed down altogether. The Agricultural Society meanwhile con- ceived of a plan to remove the school to Peekskill, N. Y., where the soil con- ditions are more favorable than in Woodbine and the growing Jewish set- tlement in the Catskills is close at hand. According to all indications, this scheme is nowadays further from materialization than ever before. An educational experiment along different lines was started by Dr, J. Krauskopf, the founder of the Nation- al Farm School. It was opened in .191. MOK.I•rdP 'TYW6F6 FSTY'r DI VIIWZA RZ4443„...4 • . .Q9 1896 near Philadelphia to teach city boys agricultural pursuits and incul- cate in them a pioneer spirit and a love for the land. The school grew, slowly at first but with leaps and bounds in the last few years. In 1920 the stu- dent body was still only 84. In 1925 it was 144 and preparations to house 320 students are being tootle for the next year. The type of the student has remained the same throughout the 29 years of the school's existence—an outdoor-loving, healthy, rather poetic type, the kind that is not mindful of the hardships alleged to accompany outdoor work, but which on the con- trary revels in the icy of work in the fields and with the stock. Of still greater importance as an ed- ucational factor was the change in the activities of the Baron de Hirsch Fund some 15 years ago. In 1908 the or- ganization, acting as the Jewish Agri- cultural and Industrial Aid Society, inaugurated a wide policy of exten- sion work designed to open up the storehouse of agricultural knowledge to .newish fanners and to get at those human problems that are often decid- ing factors in the success or failure of a pioneer venture. The care for the perpetuation of a Jewish farming class in America naturally became one of the most burning problems. The ob- ject was "to make the child of the Jewish farmer an important factor in the economy of the parental farm; to instill in hint a pride ni his calling, and to implant in him a love for the soil." As a means to this end the so- ciety fostered the acquisition of a scientific training through agricultural scholarships and students' loans. In the beginning these scholarships were intended solely for the Jewish farm youth, but later their scope was broadened so as to include others who show a special aptitude for farm work. These scholarships give their recipi- ents a training in the short courses conducted by the state agricultural col- leges. The courses vary in length front 10 weeks to three months and are given in the winter, at a season when the young, folks can hest lie spared from the farm. They are open for both boys and girls and comprise not only general farming but practically all special branches as well. The scholarships are awarded by compe- tition and cover all college expenses, including board and lodging. Students who attain special merit in their stud- ies are allowed to compete for a sec- ond scholarship. As a 'natter of fact Jewish bus have carried off more than their proportionate share of the prizes awarded for collegiate proficiency. Scholarships consisting, of a complete course covering a period from two to four years in the New York Institute of Applied Farming at Farmingdale, Long Island, and at the State School of Agriculture and Domestic Science at Delhi, N. Y., have been given by the Baron de Hirsch Fund for the last 10 years. last year a third form of scholarship was instituted by virtue of which four Comaiticut boys were enabled to enter the State Agricultural College for a regular four-year course. For the past 15 years the Jewish Agricultural Sudety awarded about 300 scholarships in the agricultural colleges of Califernia, Conne•tieut, Georgia, ltlas, achusetts, :Mahican, North Dakota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, 39 loans were granted to students at the agricultural colleges ef seven states. Some of these students are graduates of the National Farm School and some of the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural ScShrudl eots' Loan. and Scholarships. The system of agricultural students' loans dates Lack to 1916, though a few loans had been made in earlier years. These loans are made on promissory notes of the students payable in in- stalments after graduation. Prefer- ence is given to upper classmen. A boy who has worked his way through two or three years has demonstrated that he has a genuine interest in agri- culture. A new form of scholarship was installed last year. Four boys anti three girls were awarded scholar- ships for junior short courses. These courses are open for members of jun- ior clubs and enable then: to spend a profitable wick at the agricultural rollehg The ere ombined effect of these scholar- ships with the operation of the So- ciety's Farm huh Department proved extraordinarily successful. A scholarship student who was placed in January 1925 en a poultry farm in Massachusetts started with 850 month and before the end of the next fall used to get $75 a month. In De- cember he and his brother bought the employer's poultry plant. Professor M. of the Massachusetts Agricultural College was highly pleased with the way the boy to, k charge of the poultry and considered him a man of excep- tional ability and an efficient puultry- In till• spring of last year, C. G., a graduate t rom the Woodbine School, Wan placed as a farm apprentice with an expert Jewish market gardener in Long Island. later a stenographer, who had tarn a farmerette during the war, asked the Farm Labor Depart- ment toplace her on a farm during her month's vacation. She was sent to the same farm. In the fall 1925, C. G., married the girl, and they bought a farm not far from their form Thr e rm ra m io n r h it Y ro.' ithe scholarship stu- dents and loan recipients returned to their parental farms, there to put into operation the scientific practices learned at collegt. These boys proved themselves SO proficient that they eas- ily held their own with the sons of the best native farmers. Quite often they won the highest prizes in competitions at state and county fairs. An Ohio boy was awarded trips to Columbus and to Washington. Some branched into farming en their own account. Others were placed into remunerative professional p skim's. One went to Poland ti organize agricultural schools, another to Palestine to engage in farm work; still another went to Russia on an agricultural reconstruc- 19 tion A min-syleeeti old lad S•AS, upon com- pletion of a short course at the New York State College, placed by the col- lege on a iob paying him $90 a month and board. A graduate of 1924 was made assistant to the superintendent of a government experiment station, upon which he received a second itched- (Continued en next pip.)