A merica lavish Periodical Ceder
CLIFTON AVENUR • CINCINNATI 20, OHIO
PAGE TARN,
DLE
I PUFROFTIAT 175,11
4
The Hebraic Mortar Of
i
the American Republc
Inquiry at Historic Sources Illuminates Influence of Judaism on
Founders of the Republic.
By DR. MORRIS M. FEUERLICHT
(Copyright, 1926, Jewish Telegraphic Agency.)
(ARON ICU,
_ _ • —
Johnson, first president of Columbia.
Ma- of the seventeenth century. Most no- Seceral of the men mentioned above
• • nin individuals' law of the land. Cromwell himself, at time Ilebraists IMMIMilid. Oaten(b orn
•
sona
himself one of the number min-
all times exceedingly friendly to the thee
and incidents of early Jewish
16621, gives the names of
• r •
Jews, had in mind a reconciliation of
Amenca,Peter
isters, who, having graduated and be-
dence
eti
I
the
Old
and
New
Testament,
and
the
gun their work in England, later
"History of the Jews in America,"
at
ui peo,tto,ione:; -c served as ministers in New England.
t n
lean,,hinutiis
el ht esta
t io bli shment o
i t o i b itsuhotudg:tn p1091o2i,o r p nosoe,ni tsjoau reora tt l;
of
be tween
Ti, these, he adds the names of 110
i11111 the English Puritan throe- ministers, Ilebraists and graduates of
c ompendi um or many of these it ems friao,fly".
up to the time of its own publication.
tird college, in the latter half
All this as has been said, happened
Within the last year, 1925, Dr. Louis
, has publi shed a volumin-
England a generation after the
I .
in
ous
"Jewish
Influence whose
on Ch is-
elan work,
Reform
Movements,
n- first settlement of the Puritan colo-
co
in New England. But it is worth
anisissmsns ,
cts
of
IiStil,
not only because the same
eluding chapter, "Hebraic Aspe
resents an recalling, no which the events under
• "
American ' '
only the dramatic
only momentary peep into the region
lof Judaism's actual or potential 1 e- finale, had been operating long before
I lationship to the beginning of Amor- in England, but also because it visa-
tensel Y Ilehrak rel n: dis
table in these lids of names are: John
served as president of Harvard.
Cotton, Richard 'Mather, John Eliot,
The order of studies in "The Lawes
Thomas Weide, Henry Punster,
of Harvard College" of 1655 required
Charles Chimney, Samuel Whiting,
that "In the first yea re after admis-
Michael Wigglesworth, Thomas Thu-
for four(' dayes of the week all
rber, Judge Sewall, Increase Mather sion
students shall be exercised in the
and Cotton 51ather. Later came Ezra
studies of the Greek and Hebrew
Stiles, president of Yale, also Samuel
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(Editor's Note :—It was President Calvin Coolidge, descenda nt
e
of one of the oldest NewEngland
families, who, in his memorabl
E
ation of the Jewish Community Center in Wash-
address at the dedic
-
I and democracy.
extensive, though
fa r pertinent
f on
ront
lex- the
and
political
background
from
whfil
ington, D. C., in 1925, vividly brought to the attention of the Amenlcan
The most
allies
the in and
"The
Puritans
Pilgrims of
33 years
can public the sentence coined by the historian, Lecky : "The Ile-
irh . u nder
1 haustive work on this subject
i bete " ha d em er ged, and wh
c,
braic mortar cemented the foundations of American democracy."
of
the
late
Oscar
S.
Strauso
Origin of Republican , t•erm of Govern , other circumstances, they had already
„, aansplanted upon the soil of the new
The correct' presentation of -this historic fact, significant as it is in
history of these United States, the greatest democracy that ever
ment in the United States of e llI,T ,T,',d1 world. Indeed, it was the newer Puri-
the
ica," first published in 1885, f
existed, and in the history of the Jewish religion and Jewish liters-
1 ,0 . 1 . tan immigrants of the Cromwellian
period that gave the earlier colonists
lure, intrigued the best minds, Jewish as well as nun-Jewish scholars
b y two later editions, the last in
and all unfortunately now out of ' of 1620 an added impetus and strength
I statesmen. This problem assumed timely significance and . in -
an
o f t he to e
in the latter s efforts tee es a e i.
print.
terest to every American Jew on the occasi
this year of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the signing
m influence, • : theocratic form of )roverlinit•nt and Old
The Case of Judaism's
of
through its Bible at least, on the Testament mode of life in New Eng-
of the Declaration of Independence. Dr. Morris M. Feuerlicht
Indianapolis, Ind,, in a paper he read at the recent session of the
founding of the American Republic, : land. This Wan the purpose of teeth
Central Conference of American Rabbis, gave On exhaustive and
and as made out by Mr. Straus, is the Pilgrims at Plymouth and the Pur-
successfully established, according tie tans of Massachusetts Bay. While
scholarly, but none the less popular, presentation of the influence of
the late M. Emile de Laveleye, emi- the former had come primarily to se-
Judaism on the founders of the republic.)
f •
er s h
'pin their own
es am I p rofessor • rare freedom se
vei
rent Belgian public'st
the • latter had come, (ostensibly
ity of liege.
General ' •
.
only claim, at best, to po in t ou t the at the Un i •vers
The Sesqui-Centennial of American need of a more intensive and extensive I historians also, like Lerky, Fiske and waY a ' • mmer •btl company, but en re-
"
Independence this year provides a fit-
1,,,,,, equally frank in ality
to " found ' a theocratic common-
study than, unfortunately, has thus ethers , h ave
ting though somewhat belated oppor-
fer been given it, of a highly impor. conceding such influence. The now , wealth , in the words elf Fiske, "like
tunity for studying the relationship,
tot and fascinating phase of Jewish frequently quoted passage of lax•ky's• 1
if any, between that important event and secular history'. Up to this time The Hebraic Mortar Cemented the that
mod
before
of old
the days
children
of their
Israel forward
in the
in world history and Judaism. Did the available material and sources I Foundations of American Democrac Y' hearts conceived the desire for a king.
Judaism, as an historical religion, as
is
a
typical
expression
of
the
common-
But while the leaders of these earlier
sparsely
h• utilized.
•
eel ver,het.
theological and ethical system pro- have been
codonists, especially Governor William
Graetz, world historian of modern iy_,,,,eut
fessing to be world-wide in its scope
and inn-' Bradford and Elder William Brew- ,
Jewry and expositor of the various 1
order r to learn the ' spirit
In
j
and application, exert any influence
e
currents of Judaism as they have tent of Judaism. s infl ence on t e steer, were Ilebraists of a sort and
upon the founding and the founders flowed into the diverse lives and phi-
I ifouniheirs of the Ament lovers of the Old Testament, it was
founding u
of the American Republic; and if so,
o I ever
losophies of modern civilized peoples,
is n cessary
, it period
of English
his; the Puritans who came Inter than
nt
uring the Crowellian
pe-
to what extent?
has only a few rather dubious words caner
reached the 11620 and clueing
to that brief i
If there was indeed any such in- to say about the progress of the Jew thooriyg when Puritanism
, ro- riot that gave form and permanency
They
fluence, the facts were obviously sig- in America, and none fit all about the height t of its power, (luring the I
e
•ti
,
fN
•
.
nificant in the philosophy of general role of Judaism in the dramatic un- tectorate, 1653-1659.
Thi s was a full) were tor the most t part men of supe-
as well as in that of Jewish history, fielding of the new Ilipoidic.
generation after the Puritan and Pit-
ates intellect,
of either English-
Oxford
and should long since have afforded
The American Jewish historical So- grim Colonies of New England. But rise education
i gradui and
1111111 1111111111111111111111ffilatiammunin
period when
) Chris- 51111111
our American Jewish scholarship a ciety, organized in 1602, has published it was during this perned operating
that the trained
or Cam eridge, n a per of
particularly inviting field for early in-
--- --
30 volumes of admirable and in- sae
m religious influences'
—
vestigation. With a full consciousness valuable source materials generally, Hn
contemporaneously i
d, in a political :
of his own only too patent limitations,
but dealing in large, if n not in major found their chief an New England
the writer cannot pretend that this part, with a Wide Variety nf trait- I and military sense at least, supreme
,
paper will prove to have met the in- mentary items of a name or less per- I expression in the mother country.
vitation even superficially. It can
" Officially, England had seen noJews
— -- !within its -borders since their banish-
ment by Edward I., in 1290. It seemedi
, to know none other than the type pre-
sented in Shakespeare's "Merchant of
Venice," and Marlowe's "Jew of Mal-
ta." Puritanism, the erstwhile) and es-
pecial victim of persecution by Crown
I and Established Church, was now in
: the ascendant under the leadership of
Oliver Cromwell. The Puritans' were -
a Bibliolatrous people; they loved and
read their Bibles not only as the
basis of their religious philosophy but
also as the final arbiter and guide) of :
their political action. Not man, but,
God alone, could be a king. A these.'
racy Was their ideal of government.
In the execution of their political pro-
' gram, as well as in defense of their
I general position in the premises, they •
insistently appealed to the Old Testa-
ment for proof and argument. The
New Testament was completely ig-
nored. The hardy soldiers of Crom-
well's army, as they read their Bibles
in the nightly vigils of the battle-
field, and fighting as they believed they
were an unholy alliance of a faithless
king and a persecuting nobility and
priesthood, could find in the New Tes-
tament story no models or figure's com-
parable to the warriors and heroes of
the Old Testament. Thus was aroused'
A vivid and widespread interest in thel
people of the Old Testament and their'
curious persistence.
The Puritans were eager tee sec and
know more about this strange people
who already in that ancient day had I
i had exper ences so similar to their'
own. Their interest was fed by pule-
lished letters, addresses and pamphlets
of Manasseh ben Israel in Holland, I
who, sensing the situation across the '
channel, pleaded for the re-admission'
CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
of the Jews into. England. The lit-
erary and exegetical study of the Old I
Testament grew ever more intensive;
the study of Hebrew expanded, and 1
--
extraordinary
number of Christian I
•
ex
Me"iithie
llehrai sts finarished•
'
•
2
pectations
were
re-born and re-empha- ,
•••
105
s
EMI LI %.
110
111Miii
• sized. Groups of visionaries, under
wIllk
a variety of names, like Covenanters,
IN
Fifth Monarchy Men, Lev, '
lennarians or Ultra-Republicans, were
busy making propaganda for their mil-i
lenial creeds with precisely the same
arguments—and even greater clamor I
—as are being used by the Pastor
Russellites and International Bible
Students' association of our own cur-
rent period. Fanciful explanations of
the Lost Ten Tribes, and the ingath-1
ering of the scattered remnants of I
sure icing Israel from all corners of
11651 WOODWARD at WEBB
E, the earth as a necessary preliminary tee
the. advent of the Messiah. were, of 1
Bigger and Better Bargains in Used Cars.
course, an integral part of all such I
progra ms.
Na tense and general was the Jew.
I
e
Them
sl hinterest of this period of English
a s T he y Mak
c.ctro
ILla Wlik history—by no means devoid of Christ-
1M
IMIAWs.‘7
ala W
°logical motives, however—that the
WISMEMIVIIM Iall
11101011
proposal was seriously made by some
of Cromwell's officers that the Cowl
eil of State be composed of 70 mem-
bers to accord with the number of the
ancient Jewish Sanhedrin. In the Short
or Barebones parliament was a mem-
ber, General Thomas Harrison, an
FOR
Anabaptist, whose party advocated the'
introduction of the Mosaic law as the I
* , . 1(;t1 11 ' .5 051TC1111115
sasami n
"""1"" "11111111
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3-1:101A
MARBLESTONE FLOORING
CORPORATION
Mooring Contractors
TERRAZZO TILE & COMPOSITION
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COMPETITION IN WORDS
A Happy New Year To You
One who goes into the market to buy a motor
car today is naturally confused.
He has read the words best and greatest so
often that they have ceased to be convincing.
be
Where all is best, he reflects, there can
no best.
Thousand-dollar cars have been described
to him in ten-thousand dollar language. And
vice versa.
He finds himself the target in a war of adjec-
tives; the helpless victim in a gigantic com-
petition of words.
And so he is forced to rely on chance —the
advice of friends — or his own limited
experience.
Dodge Brothers, Inc., have never participated
in this verbal competition.
They are content with the position they have
long maintained in the far more vital compe-
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They have continued steadily to improve their
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fundamental values lie.
Yet they have not unduly stressed each
betterment that has marked the steady prog-
ress of their motor car toward a higher
perfection.
And when economic conditions or greater
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without reducing quality, they have an-
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Unexaggerated truth is not spectacular. But
THOMAS J. HART
Chrysler Automobiles
DEXTER BOULEVARD AT TUXEDO
Arlington 3603
SEASON'S GREETINGS TO ALL
Morton Audit Company
General Auditors and
Income Tax Specialists
0. H. MORTON
F. W. MORTON
CADILLAC 2436
1401 MAJESTIC BLDG.
■•■•■•
■
■\1 ■■■■■■ ■■■
II
GD
ROSH HASHONAH GREET
To All of You From
The
Harwith Co.
HUDSON-ESSE X
SALES and SERVICE
0
5 174 O R 7269
C
CALL HEM LOK
r
o 0
■1■■
JOHN PETRIK
in the long run, implicit public confidence has
been Dodge Brothers reward, and this they
propose to preserve forever by continuing to
build just a little better than they tell.
STATE SENATOR
(REPUBLICAN)
5th District
2i2r470::, 8th to I 4th Wards Ind.
A
HAPPY NEW YEAR
TO YOU
THomAs J. D
INCORPORATED
wtocrowAan
GLENDALE 7117
ELECT
ALAN W. KENT
TV,
'11
for the
for the
Defense.
State.
Pledged to • Service of Ability and Efficiency
if Elected.
Make Good on the Pledge.
Wm. F. . S nally
David W Con men"
John J. BM LIFO
Frank T. Lodge
Tyros R. Cobb
Jerome Remick
Disetd H. CrovrIel
Fn41 Butse4
ENDOR5ED BY
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Robert M. To
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D. C. Dalrymple
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Andre. C. 13/01A1
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Prosecutor
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