‘

,4mericair lavish Periodical Carter

CI1PTON AVENUE - CINCINNATI 30, OHIO

PAGE THREE _

..kfnes aftl Th111

_

'41

RON L.,

Mg over the products of these small
the new communities in France-
weavers to Jewish co-operative so-
documents of the Lisbon Inquisition
x and Bayonne
donging to the closing decades of chiefly Bordeau perly qualified rab- cieties. Hundreds of weavers would
where, under pro
the sixteenth century. s
One wa of them
s being find employment if this plan proves
bis, authenticJudai m
successful. The amount of 810,000
give.( a list of 28 families who had
t taugh . Marranos from these com- was promised by the representative
)escaped from Coimbra and were munities, and even from London,
aajittutuo,) tattintigositi tutor atii jo
_)openly professing Judaism at Fer- frequently ran the gauntlet to con-
in Poland to aid in the carrying out
o i ars This was in 1578. The great fer with their relatives and business of
this plan.
no
migration mo v e men t, however, connections in Portugal, and t
bich most profoundly effected' the
larranos and the general distribu- doubt helped to initiate the local
crypto-Jews into doctrines and cert.-
I
d N or th
on of Jews in Western an
:urope took place between 1550 and monies which had been forgotten. At
640. This was the period of the I any rate e w find in the Marranism to
d as near an apprulach
panish domination, when it was easy that perio
un-
SSI
Wail
or the P-t-tuguese to pass the fron- orthodox Judaism ns
tluc-
Into
Spain.
Portugal
by
this
time
der
the
circumstances.
LI-
practically ruined by the In- trine was perfectly well understood
oul
tuisition and by the Spanish 'naiad- and although they had little besides
A pile-
rras,
no who had the Old Testament and the
ministration. The Ma
'till great wealth, sought their eco• rypha to eels upon in the composition
of their liturgies, the e resu t w
tonne. opportunities in the rich r ample to satisfy the needs
of the long
neighboring, country. There many of list of feasts and fasts and other oc-
them passed over the northern fron-
and sadness
tier. into France. Money, of course, casions of rejoicing
When one begins to
was lavishly spent for the necessary which tilled their calendar Even cir-
official connivances, and especially cumeision was nut unknown. A case
build, it all becomes so in- I
for protection against the Spanish is reportedfrom Covilliao 1579.
teresting, so entrancing, I
very little of this has survived
Inquis ion; but it was not spent in I
that if capital be sufficient,
value. The Marranos settled first in I among the Marranos of today. I
the French ports north of the Pyre- have found no evident tu that they
or as capital is acquired,
tees, where they could still carry on h • any very definite idea of Jewish
the joy may he continued,
their commerce with Spain, but they doctrine and ethics, and it is certain
that
they
knew
nothing
of
Jewish
his-
gradually migrated further north,
and the construction of an
and in this way the Sephardi com- tory outside the Bible and certain
apartment building may
munities of Bayonne, Bordeaux, Ro- stories of the Inquisition. They still
chelle, Nantes, Rouen, London, Os- observe the Sabbath, the Passover
follow that of it home, and
tend, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Ham- and the Day of Atonement, but the
burg and many others were founded. other sacred days of the Jewish calen-
so on-whether it be an
dar
are
unknown
to
them.
Circum-
Some of the communities are now ex-
apartment affair with a
tinct, but others exclusively created cision and Shechita and the dietary
by these Portuguese Marranos, like laws have been completely forgotten.
beautiful entrance hall
Bordeaux - whence Faris received Olt the other hand, some of the cere-
decorated with mirrors,
her first Sephardim -London and monies still performed by them, espe-
F
7 -
red plush hangings and
Amsterdam are still flourishing. The cially in connection with the 'dead,
come
eery
close
to
those
performed
emigration continued after 1040
paper palms, in gold
b
Orthodox
Jews
in
other
countries.
right down to the beginning of the

DAR WIN T. SMITH

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, nineteenth century. The \Vest IndiesAs for the prayers whichstill ex-
' and New York owe the foundation of tant,
I
they bear no relation to the He-
their Jewries to this movement. As brew liturgy and are all in Portu-
late
as
1795
there
were
many
mem-
guese.
In this respect the old women
NO JOB TOO LARGE
bets of the London Sephardi Syna- are the mainstay of the community.
gogue
who
had
flown
from
Portugal
It
is
they
who know the prayers and
NONE TOO SMALL
in escape the warrants of the Holy recite them to such congregations as
are
assembled
to inaugurate the Sab-
their
ill
Office This is actually stated
alien certificates, which are preserved bath and to celebrate Pastuover and
Atonement. They transmit these
Bevis
Marks.
There,
among
the
i II
of
as a
men and women who gave "flying prayers, as well as
from the persecution of the Inquisi- the religious ceremonies, to their
daughters,
and
it
is
mainly
through
tion" as the reason of their coming
to England, we find such names as them that the Marranos are held to-
Daniel, David, Raphael and Sarah gether. While there is much of su-
Rodrigues Brandon, all born at Vizeu perstition in this strange Judaism and
while religious indifference is grow-
in Traz-us-Montez; Samuel Paz Car-
dual), born at Braganza; Solomon Fa- ing daily, it must not be imagined
vitt Furtado, born at Coimbra; Rachel that the Marranos are devoid of Jew-
Henriques, born at Covilhao; Esther ish ,consciousness. On the contrary,
one 'often meets with striking evi-
Is Valle, wife of David Mentefiore,
dence among them of their pride in
born at Santarem, and Isaac Penha
being of the People of Israel.-Lon-
f Lisbon, who not I my says in his
affidavit that he fled from the In- don Jewish Guardian.
----_-_
quisition, but adds the tragic detail:
"My mother having been burnt alive
PLAN TO REVIVE LODZ
for Judaism."
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
It was not until 1821 that the In-'
quisition was abolished in Portugal,
but happily the sufferings of the
LODZ.-(J. T. A.1- --Plans which
Marrunos came to an end at an ear-
lier date. Between 1768 and 1774 may partly relieve the unemploy-
the great Portuguese statesman, the ment situation among the Jewish
Marquess de Pomba], carried out a population in Lodz, the Polish textile
series of reforms which practically center, were decided upon.
destroyed all the powers for evil of
A commission to find ways and
the Holy Office no far as New Chris- means of setting into motion a part
Hans were concerned. The result of the small weavers industry, in
• that when its Autos were held which mainly Jews are employed, was
I was
in 1781 no 3Iarranos figured among appointed by the weiners in an a
to
tempt to combat the increasing un-
the victims. One might expect
find that this event was o ow(
employment and resulting starvation.
some great manifestation of overt
Prior to the economic crisis in Po-
Judaism on the part of the Marranos. land there were in addition to the
Curiously enough the reverse was the large textile plants a great number
case. As if by sonic stroke of black of Jewish weavers who owned one or
, magic the Marranos seemed at once two "weaver's chairs." These small
ear from Portuguese life,
I for, I'
front that date, scarcely anything producers were compelled p
of
was heard of them until some 231their industry because of the lactk for
years ago, and then nobody took any I operating capital and a marke
notice. To some extent this may their products.
The plan devised now aims at turn-
have been due to the fact that, al-
d, '
n
though the Inquisition was moribu
still alive and !
Wall
the state church
-
- I powerful, with all its old juristliction
-_.----
over its baptized chililren undimin- I
, tootom„mannitifill119111111111111111111111111IIIIMMiinIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIMMIN1111011 1P-4 '
ed. Thus the public renunciation
-7•
-_d I i s'
o f "the Apostolic and Roman Catho-
._- u I it religion " by Portuguese nationals I
s still prohibited under heavy pen- I
E 1w ties, and this law remained in force
' al
nil the revolution of 1910. This
":.• -
--
-- tu:
h, wever, does not suffice to explain
N - . 1 ti e extraordinary torpor which now
ci me over the Marvin& community,
= f, r if the old combativeness had sur-
veil. means would assuredly have
=-- b ten found to fight this last obstacle
with their Jewish broth- I
t a reunion
which had been their sustaining
r i
Tani during nearly 200 tragical

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s_ , ,
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Years.
The truth is that the l'ombal re-
..m. - - f trms found the Marranos exhausted
-=' t y their long struggle and quite sat-1
i tied to be relieved of the daily ter-
- ... for of the Inquisition, even at the
.1
cost of being still condemned to the
secret observance of their religion.
The exhaustion was both spiritual and
material. The defection of large I
umbers of New Christians added to'
hose who had been carried away to I
lie at the stake and in the galleys I
n dt ill more deadly -the tho
ands who had managed to emigrate
gt
o
northern and western lands had
t
--- reducetl them to little more than a 1
o
handful. The emigration had taken 1
with it their best blood and brains I
N
-=' and practically all the wealth which
had escaped the confiscations of the
•-g
E- - - Inquisition. For some decades be-
fore 1774 they had remained in con-
_ tact with their kindred in Bordeaux,
London and Amsterdam, and we may
see by the wills of the rich ortu-
- - guese Jews in London that they were
_,,
not wholly forgotten. But with every
successive generation these ties weak-
tonal and by the end of the eight-
=
g- -- - eenth century the Marranos became
--
-
g----
• E_
_ almost completely isolated. All the
combative life went out of their se-
g•--
---_
_=-
]
- c re t religion. Jewish history became
-_
blurred in their minds. The hope of
_
-
-
E_-
-
=
z•E'-.. - -. a reunion with other Jews disap-
peared and that so completely that
E•-
-
--
—
o tto o nommamaitill11111111111111111111111111ffilifiliiiIIMMI111111111111111122150118 they came to regard the remnant of
Inliiiii iminmana
_ __
secret prayers and ceremonies
11111111111
11
r r
1IlliiiIIIIIIII11111111111111
nly which
11
- 11111111111111112111 1111 1111
rfil
w it h them crecy he O
N ' re
11g111 10101M1101M1831
o f the ir re-
Juda
ma
and
the
se
m,
18.110
is
g
h,\\•••
/ ligioun services, nut as a temporary
&
-
0 expedient to bridge over the days of
E
0 captivity, but as a fundamental and
;
0 essential part of the Jewish religion
as they understood it. Other Jews 1
appeared to them almost in the light 1
0: of heretics. This curious fact ex-
plains why when in 1910 the revolu-
I
lion freed them from the jurisdiction

T

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the opportunity to re-enter the Jew-
ish Pale and avow himself publicly a
Jew. The Marranos of today, as they
have been rediscovered by M.
Schwarz, bear very clear signs of this
decadence which has been in opera-
Lion for the better part of a century
and a half. M. Schwarz is no doubt
right in thinking that if some remedy
not soon found all traces of Juda-
is will disappear from their midst.
tar
, This apprehension is amply justified
we compare the present religious
if
,condition of the Marranos with that
of their ancestors at the height of
their persecution in the seventeenth
that
a.
and, e ighteenth centurtm
nethi
l Ie y among
pe ri od t hez :;.1 j aucdtiul
g the
I of
Marranos owing to their contact wth
\\Ni

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Glendale 9577

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