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EDETROITJEWISII &RON

Pubil•bed Weakly by The Jewish Chronicle Publishing Ca., Inc.

JOSEPH J. CUMMINS, President
JACOB MARGOLIS, Editor
JACOB H. SCHAKNE, General Manager

Entered an Second-class matter Much S. 1916, at the Postoffice •t Detroit,
Mich., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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to the Jewish people, It disclaims responsibility for .n indorsement of the
views expressed by the writers.

March 19, 1926

Nissan 4, 5686

Fifth Annual Art Exhibit.

Nt.

even handed justice which is meted out to the humblest
passenger in the steerage. The liberal press of Amer-
ica thought otherwise and from the opinion generally
expressed it seems that the secretary made a serious
political blunder.
This rebuke to Secretary Davis does by no means
write finis to the business of deportation, for another
member of the cabinet, Secretary of State Frank B.
Kellogg, when called before the senate committee of
which Senator Borah is chairman, refused to divulge
the reasons for excluding Countess Karolyi. His gen-
eral answer reminds one of a former attorney general,
Mitchel A. Palmer.
Secretary Kellogg insists that the information which
he received from the secret service is confidential and
therefore should not be disclosed. However the real
reason he gave for the action of the State Department
refusing to grant visas is the danger that hordes of
undesirables may enter the country as visitors.
Mitchell A. Palmer made disgraceful indefensible
raids upon the theory that unless these aliens were de-
ported our institutions and country would be destroyed.
At the time we questioned the sincerity of Mr. Palmer
and later we learned from the lips of Mr. Palmer that
he had saved the country and deserved the nomination
of the Democratic Party for president. The delegates
at San Francisco thought otherwise and Mr. Palmer
was not nominated. He must have been chagrined
and depressed by the ingratitude of a republic.
We are perhaps over suspicious, but yet that vague
feeling, that perhaps political reasons are motivating
causes, does creep in and disturb, when some official
wants to save the country from hordes of disruptive,
destructive elements which threaten the very founda-
tions of the country.
May not the policy of Secretary Kellogg be a bid
for the Presidency. He has certainly received more
publicity in the American press than have all the other
cabinet officers combined, with the possible exception
of Secretary Davis, who cannot qualify because he was
born in Wales.
If such is the case, the secretary should remember
the fate of A. Mitchell Palmer, and if such is not the
case his reasons for exclusion of the Countess Karolyi
to date have persuaded nobody, while this last defense
of alien hordes overrunning us is a pure fiction and does
not even have the validity it had at the time when there
was a national hysteria following the war.
We refuse to cheer until there is a return to that
admission and libertarian attitude which once charac-
terized America.

The Fifth Annual Art Exhibit under the auspices
of the Welfare Centers Association opens March 22 at
Temple Beth El. The works of Jewish painters, sculp-
tors and etchers of every school will be shown.
This exhibition will offer an excellent opportunity
for renewing the discussion as to whether there is a
distinctly Jewish art.
Are the works of Leo Bayman, George Aarons,
Abraham Manievich, Julius Block, Gerald Frank, Saul
Raskin, William S. Schwarz or Marek Szwarc stamped
with a definite Jewish mark? These artists have lived
in different milieus and their trainings, traditions and
backgrounds range from the Polish Ghetto; to the
aristocratic prewar Petrograd; to the dynamic, onrush-
ing maelstromic New York.
The poignant miseries of the Polish Ghetto evoked
by pogrom, insult and discrimination mingle with so-
phisticated insouciant motifs of the weary Old World
capitals, and jostle the uncouth mechanistic often
chaotic themes of an aesthetically uncertain New
World. Geography and experience have left their in-
delible mark—but can one find an intangible some-
thing which could be described as Jewish?
During that intensive period of Jewish culture when
the walls of the Ghetto practically excluded the Jew
from the secular life he was a practical stranger to all
art forms. From this fact the enemies of the Jew con-
cluded that he had no aesthetic appreciation or ar-
tistic ability. With the demolition of the walls of the
Ghetto the Jew emerged without any art standards of
his own, into an alien world. He may now work in
marble and bronze; paint canvases and do miniatures.
Have the centuries of isolation and particularization
given the Jew a peculiar viewpoint from which he may
see facets, color and form differently from others. If
so, does his work reveal a difference which could be
ascribed to race or nationality.
We have heard endless discussions of Jewish sub-
jectivity; profound morbidity, and minor tones. Are
I these due to environmental factors or racial differences
when actually found?
GG
Could a non-Jew similarly circumstanced and en-
vironed produce the same painting or piece of sculp-
ture? It is beside the point to insist that a non-Jew
could not have the same experience under similar con-
ditions.
The forthcoming exhibition will hardly enable any-
one to answer the questions involved for those who
ry
believe there is a distinctly Jewish art will find those
peculiarly Jewish criteria and values in almost every-
thing shown. If, however, the exhibition included the
works of non-Jewish artists as well and one could
select the universal themes, not folk themes, of the
Jewish artist, then there would be some validity to
the claim that there is a Jewish Art.
No matter what view we may hold in this perplex-
ing and at the same time intriguing problem, everyone
with the most vague interest in art should see the
creative productions of the Jewish artists whose work
will be shown.

Pe

be 1, 14, YeA.O.

ue

One Victory—No Cheering.

Judge Bondy in the District Court at New York
decided that Lady Cathcart was eligible to enter the
United States as an alien visitor, because the charge of
having committed a crime involving moral turpitude
was not proved. United States Attorney Emory R.
Buckner presented proof to the court that adultery is
not a crime in South Africa where the elopement with
the Earl of Craven took place. Furthermore, there is
no Federal statute which makes adultery a crime.
There was little left for the judge to do but release the
complainant upon the writ of habeas corpus which was
presented after James J. Davis, secretary of labor, 'or-
dered her deportation.
It was a victory, no doubt, but not one that should
cause too much rejoicing. To think that it was neces-
sary to have such a matter decided by a court is hardly
any reason for cheering. The exclusion attitude of
the secretary of labor has not been changed, and had
not the matter been taken to a higher tribunal the lady
would have been deported.
We were saved by a United States Attorney who is
not a persecutor, but a man primarily interested in do-
ing justice, and by a judge who interprets the law with
reasonableness and courage, yet the disesteem in which
Europe holds us and the ridicule which is heaped upon
us is not at all lessened, for the attitude of the immi-
gration authorities is anti-libertarian and definitely
prohibitory. .
It has become not uncommon for men in executive
positions to use their authority to further their political
fortunes. A story is current that Secretary Davis hoped
to become the next governor of Pennsylvania. He may
have thought that his decision in the Countess Cathcart
case would be universally approved, especially by the
masses; for did his action not prove his upstanding
Americanism? He was not moved by the lady's posi-
tion, title and prestige, but treated her with the same

One-Half Million.

NterieW.k '4, ye`,- &

Exhibiting at Fifth Art Annual

HERE AND THERE

(Editor's Note:—The following appreciations and sketches are of
but a few of the artists showing their work at the Fifth Art Annual
which opens at Temple Beth El on March 22. The work of Jewish
artists is becoming so diversified that practically every field is
covered.)

Canada K. K. K. Wanes.

As the result of an extensive in-
quiry into the strength and influence
of the Ku Klux Klan in the United
States, The New York Times has
reached the conclusion that during the
past year the membership of that or-
der has greatly diminished, and that
its Invisible empire is rapidly fading,
and will in no long period of time be
but a memory. The good and respon-
sible member of society who looks to
the constituted authorities to adminis-
ter the law, to maintain order and
provide security to the public will in-
dulge a feeling of gratification at this
prediction. The Ku Klux Klan, with
its novel and mystical rites and cere-
monies, its atmosphere of secrecy, its
midnight parades in sheeted costumes,
and its obligations taken under cir-
cumstances trying to the ordinary
mind, was calculated to impress the
public and attract lovers of the mys-
terious. It was these features, un-
doubtedly, that were largely respon-
sible for its rapid growth.
Were these all that distinguished it
from the ordinary secret organization
or brotherhood, it might be regarded
as quite innocuous, and could be
treated with good-natured contempt.
But there is an element of real dan-
ger in this order which justifies the
hope that its future existence will be
brief. Certain innocent and peaceable
classes of society have been made the
objects of its determined hostility, and
it has sought to exercise a pressure
upon governments to attain ends det-
rimental to the public welfare. Under
the direction of capable and ambitious
men, institutions of this kind often
become a danger to the state, and even
though the good sense of the com-
munity may finally come to its rescue
much mischief is frequently done in
the meantime.
In the case of the Ku Klux Klan,
which, it is satisfactory to realize,
never secured any solid footing in
Canada, internal dissentions have con-
tributed to the great and quick de-
cline in the number of its following.
But perhaps the principal reason for
the falling off in its membership is
that the novelty of the movement has
worn off. Many of its leaders, too,
have been discredited for abuse of au-
thority within the order and for mis-
conduct without. Nor has the Klan
accomplished any of the much pro-
claimed objects which it offered to jus-
tify itself.
The Klan has already enjoyed an
existence of seven years. During that
period it has been an increasing men-
ace in many of the states across the
border. That its influence has already
passed and that the period is in sight
when it will altogether disappear are
matters for sincere congratulation by
all intelligent citizens of the neighbor-
ing Republic.

Coert Dubois of the State Department after an in-
vestigation reports to the House immigration commit-
tee that under the Perlman-Wadsworth bills more than
500,000 would be admitted as non-quota immigrants.
Of this number 350,000 would come from Italy,
while a negligible number would come from 14ussia,
Poland and Roumania. The restrictionist membdrs are
unable to reconcile these figures with their precon-
ceived notions and prejudices, for they imagined that
the vast majority would come from the Bolshevic in-
fested regions inhabited by Jews.
That there be no misconceptions concerning these
bills, it should be known that only the relatives of citi-
zens and declarants should be excluded from quota re-
strictions. We mention this only because there is a
feeling that aliens who have not become citizens or
declarants are not entitled to any special consideration.
The argument runs that since they have not availed
themselves of the opportunities of citizenship, they
should not be specially favored.
The validity of the reasoning is not in question, but
inasmuch as such an attitude is rather common, those
who feel strongly in the matter should be assured that
only the civically vigilant are considered in both bills
now before Congress. Those who failed to exercise
their rights and those who because they are not resi-
dent a sufficient time are punished for their delin-
quency and shortness of stay even in this humanitarian
measure.
The Nordics are appalled by the idea of admitting
more than half a million people. One would really
imagine that the country would literally go to the dogs
if these wives, children and parents were admitted
N outside the sacred quota which has become a Chinese

Aside from the human appeal which these people
make, there is a reason much more persuasive even to
those who think exclusively in terms of the efficient
and practical.
The investigation of the Council of Jewish Women
disclosed a condition of enforced bigamous relation-
ships among many who were unable to bring their
wives, while others, not wanting to establish such re-
lationships, left this country to join their families. In
the present economic state of Europe this is a sacrifice
which actually bespeaks both affection and heroism.
During the war both clergy and laity in England and
on the continent condoned war brides, illegitimacy and
irregular relationships of all kinds on the valid ground
that the exigencies of the situation, the emotional up-
heavals made men and women in a measure irrespon-
sible. But can we in all conscience maintain that an
emergency condition exists? Most assuredly not, and
certainly not one that requires such drastic action as
the enforced separation of so many families.
But to return to the efficiency factor, so dear to the
heart of those who decide all questions on the basis of
production costs and quantity. A man separated from
his family, deprived of their society, comfort and en-
couragement is certain not to be as efficient and cap-
able as one who has not these problems confronting
him.
Physicians and psychiatrists are agreed that the
lowered tone due to worry, repression and morbidity
will affect the life of the individual and reduce his
efficiency.
This is a rather low common denominator upon
which we are compelled to urge the admission of these
men, women and children. No one need fear that they
will not be assimilated without causing national indi-
gestion. In fact they will actually aid the national
digestion by reducing potential criminality and mental
illness which the present condition promotes.

$25,000 for Jewish Center.

The Jewish Center of University
Heights obtained $25,000 in subscrip-
tions at a dinner at the Hotel Astor.
The dinner marked the opening of a
campaign for $150,000 for a building
being erected on Nelson avenue and
174th street, as a Jewish center and
recreational and religious house for
Jews in that section.
Addresses were made by Judge Otto
S. Rosalsky, Jonah J. Goldstein, David
N. Mosessohn, Arthur 1. LeVine, pres-
ident of the center, M. Maldwin Fertig
and Rabbi I. L. Biel.

GEORGE M. AARONS

George M. Aarons, sculptor and
painter, was born in Petrograd
(Leningrad) when only Jews of the
privileged classes were permitted to
live in the imperial capital.
At the early age of 10 Mr. Aarons
acquired an interest in art through
meeting a sculptor, who urged him to
play with clay. And ever since he
has been playing with clay. Of
course, there was a strain of art in
the family. His uncle was an artist;
hence the family tradition was being
called to life.
On coming to America he studied
in New York art schools. Ile
worked at the Beaux Arts under
Solon Baldwin and the great Jewish
master, Jo Davidson. On coming to
Boston he was guided in his develop-
ment by the eminent teachers and
creators; Richard Brooks, Robert
Baker, Bela Pratt and Richard Ru-
chia.
While studying at the Boston
Museum of Fine Arts he went
through on scholarships and his work
has been considerably appreciated in
art circles as is manifest from his
exhibitions. Ile has exhibited in the
Sculpture Gallery in New York, at
the Art Alliance, the Grace Horne
Gallery and other places and has only
recently been requested to exhibit at
the great exhibition at the Pennsy-
lvania Academy. Mr. Aaron is per-
sona grata at several art clubs: he is
a member of the Boston Sculpture
Society, and the Art Alliance.
Now as to the leit-motif of his
work—the chief artistic element in
all his creations. If one has but a
slight idea of art schools and move-
ments one would at once declare Mr.
Aarons a disciple of the art of
Rodin. Like the great creator of
"Le penseur," our young sculptor is
beyond the control of classical con-
vention, aspiring primarily to reveal
the first expressions of emotion and
action. Like his ideal master, Aarons
is distinctly an impressionist, seek-
ing to convey a psychological con-
dition. Ile does not care to repro-
duce a figure photographically—all
that he chisels is suffused with some
particular idea. hence he is an op-
ponent of convention which expects
only the beautiful and graceful.
Rather the ugly and course may oft
be shown to possess great character
as taught Robin.
His studio contains objects of art
that embody his very ideal of a dra-
matization in stone of the grand
human emotions. His creations
called "Awakening," "Reflection,"
"Despair," convey his idea clearly.
Ile has also very ably executed re-
liefs of several people. which have
received due praise.
Thus labors a young Jew, toiling
day and night, week days and holi-
days, modeling, hammering, chisel-
ing, painting, drawing and giving ex-
pression to the cravings of the spirit
and the yearnings of the soul after
the ideal made real.

"Sweatshop" Extinct.

The "sweat shop" is a thing of the
past in this city, and the garment in-
dustry has moved into "modern, safe,
bright and cheerful buildings," A. E.
Lefcourt, real estate man said in a
radio talk broadcast over Station
WMCA.
Ile predicted that the industry
would continue to move uptown and
that "the thousands of garment work-
ers in Fifth avenue at noon, blocking
traffic, making life miserable for pe-
destrians, who want to shop," would
soon be a thing of the past.

Passover Leave.

The War and Navy Departments
have, upon the request of the Jewish
Welfare Board, issued furlough or-
ders which will permit Jewish service
men to observe the Seders on Passo-
ver, March 29 and :10, with their
friends and families at their homes,
or as guests of the Jewish Welfare
Board in communities adjacent to
posts and stations. These furloughs
apply not only to men stationed in
continental United States, but to
American soldiers and sailors at dis-
tant points. The furlough orders cover
the period from noon or Sunday.
March 25, to noon of April 1.

Berger Wants Conference.

Representative Victor Berger of
Wisconsin has introduced a resolution
in Congress, requesting the President
to call an international conference to
revise the Treaty of Versailles in ac-
cordance with the Fourteen Points,
upon which he said Germans laid
down their arms in 1918, and also to
make available the secret document
held by the allied governments per-
taining to the causes of the World
War. Mr. Berger charged that "the
World War was based on 1,000,000
lies, and declared that this was the
only country where a dense cloud of
ignorance on the subject still befogs
the minds of the people." He charged
that for 25 years prior to the war
Great Britain had conducted propa-
ganda in her own cause and that it
was intensified as the war drew near.

A COMPLIMENT

That there is a widespread preju-
dice unfavorable to the Jew will not
be questioned by anyone whose obser-
vation reaches beyond the tip of his
nose. Not even Christianity with its
claims as a civilizing influence has
made the average Christian unbiased
in his attitude to his Jewish spiritual
cousin. And yet too many Jews are
unduly disturbed by this fact. They
overlook that where, as in so many
cases, the prejudice is unfounded in
the shortcomings of the Jew it is an
involuntary compliment that uncon-
scious but jealous inferiority pays to
superiority. The prejudice of most
people evokes either my pity or my
contempt, but never my discontent.—
Rabbi Alexander Lyons.

-■-■•■

■••••.e..

l
y

painting, are virtually ignored by a
temperament that declines to concern
itself with problems topographical or
meteorological. While its starting
point is nature, the aim of this art
is the attainment of a subjective
synthesis, a vivid emotional unity-- -
a veritable etat Warne. A picturesque
and aspiring addition to our increas-
ing quota of Russian artists, Abra-
ham Anshelovich Manievich was
born at Mstislavl, Government of
Mogilev, November 25, 1881, and
received his professional training in
Kiev and Munich. Until the war hi,
vision continued typically lyrical. He
depicted with delicate decorative
fantasy the landscape of his native
Ukraine, the tawny Dnieper, the
slender birch groves, the scattered
houses on the outskirts of straggling
Mato - Russian town and village,
Manievich, like his French Colleague
Raffaelli, was a true poet of th,
banlieu, an apostle of humble street
and suburb. The war, however,
wrought swift and poignant change=
in his outlook. With death and
starvation stalking on every hand, the
art of Manievich nevertheless ros e
to genuinely epic, and even symbolic
heights. The tragic vicissitudes of an
entire race expressed in his "Des-
truction of the Ghetto" with its
volcanic colouring and vigorously
structural forms. A third and
equally significant phase of MaM-
evich's aesthetic evolution is revealed
in the .work accomplished since its
arrival in our midst. His tonality is
richer, his sense of design has be-
come firmer, and he has been able to
bring to his interpretations of the
Bronx, Brooklyn, and even Camden,
New Jersey, that passionate lyric
fervour which is his inalienable
birthright. For, in surveying these
glowing, rhythmic canvases you in-
stinctively realize that they hark back
to the "Song of Songs," and the
solemn sonority of an age-old ritual.

ABRAHAM MANIEVICH

By Christian Brinton

Essentially a painter of the out
of doors, the modest, ardent Mani-
evich expresses himself in landscape
interpretations which, coloured by
his particular mood, are sensitive and
lyrical, or bodly constructive in con-
ception and design. Whatever else
they may be, these canvases are
anti-academic and anti-naturalistic.
Perspective and atmosphere, the twin
pitfalls of so much current landscape

9

MAREK SZWARC

By Todros Caller

Translated from the Yiddish by Toby
Kurzband

With a determined will and bleed-
ing hands, Marek Szwarc hammers
on even more determined brass and
copper. He hammers and weaves the
thread of Jewish history, a stout
thread of brass and copper.
Marck Szwarc weaves and ties the
thread; fastens it with his even
stronger naive belief. The belief
heals his wounds and he is again pre-
pared to battle the world. Through
generations, it is an old struggle and
Marek Szwarc's medium is brass and
copper.
From stone to paint, from both to
brass and copper. The brass and
copper, a part of himself, and he it
part of the brass and copper, and
both a part of God and his people.
A legendary mystic. The surer he
feels of himself and of his brass and
copper, the more rapid he works with
his hammer. Faster and faster the
past escapes from the mind of the
artist; only the vital content re-
mains. And so onward he weaves the
stout thread in brass and copper. Th,.
past and the present; Poland and the
Bible; the Bible through Poland is
brass and copper. The Polish Jew;
Abraham, Jacob, David, and Samson.
Time and exile have not destroyed
the will of these people to live. Time
and exile have not changed the Jew.
From brass and copper, doubly
strong, grows the will of the artist.
Marck Szwarc, the Jewish artist.

A Review of Jewish Migration

By ISAAC L, ASOFSKY,
General Manager of the Hies.

The Jewish people, for the most
part, unfortunately is still a wander-
ing people. So it is fitting upon usher-
ing in a New Year to review the
state of Jewish migration as it pre-
sented itself during 5655, which has
just run its course.
The Hebrew Sheltering and Immi-
grant Aid Society of America (IIIAS)
has its fingers on the pulse of Jewish
migration and its records tell the
story of the Jewish wanderer much
more clearly than anything else.
During the last months of the pre-
ceding year, 5681, the new inimigra-
lion law was passed marking a new
departure in the history of the United
States of America. Whatever the pur-
pose of the new law, the fact re-
mains that Jews were affected most
by its enactment. Although in a
measure the Jewish community was
prepared for stringent restriction, yet
the new statute was not expected to
he as rigid as it was. Like a thun-
derbolt, the new law hit the Jewish
emigrants—thousands of them were
on the way to this country and who,
as is known, were in possession of
passports and American visas. They
could not go back to their native lands.
They could not go on. So there they
were dispersed in various countries
only permitted to stay on sufferance.
It will, however, be remembered that
prior to the period in which these emi-
grants could have remained in these
countries expired, Hias sent a com-
mission abroad to investigate condi
tions on the spot. The commission
intervened with the various gnverr-
ments in behalf of the stranded emi-
grants and succeeded in inducing
these to grant a longer stay to these
unhappy refugees. The report of the
commission is a heartrending tale of
misery and of suffering. Never in
the history of the 40 years during
which the society is functioning was
it confronted by such a catastrophic
situation as that resulting from the:
plight of the refugee. If these re'u-
gees Fad been in one country the mis-
ery might not have been an great but
they were in England and in France
and in Roumania and in Lithuania
and in Germany, in fact. everywhere
in Europe. Immediately energetic
measures for their relief had to be
undertaken.
Then besides Europe there was the
situation in Cuba, too, calling for im-

■-■■ •-•

mediate action. The situation was
complicated by what was transpiring
in Canada, the doors of which had
been opened for a little while and
then closed again. Dias lent its aid,
too, very effectively to the Canadian
Jewish community.
In addition to all these difficulties,
there was the general work in Europe
which was inaugurated by II ias in
1920 and which had to be continued
because conditions had not yet so sta-
bilized themselves as to permit the
Jewish communities in Europe to take
care of their own problems. When it
is remembered that through Ilia ,

there was transmitted during the past
year from American Jews to their
relatives abroad no less than $2,981,-
534 representing 58,460 remittances,
it will be seen how great was the
need and how Dias had to function to
remedy the situation. Since April,
1920, when the !has remittance de-
partment began to function, a total
of $22,339,040 have been transmitted
to Europe.
Whilst the volume of Jewish immi-
gration to this country has decreased,
the volume of work as far as Hiss
concerned has not decreased. Close
upon 20,000 American Jews c...me to
Bias for advice and guidance in mat-
ters of migration, which means that
each one of these had someone on
the other side on whose behalf some-
thing had to be done. These figures
only have reference to New York,
where the headquarters of the so-
ciety are located, but when the ac-
tivities of the Ilias branches in Bal-
timore, Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia,
San Francisco, Seattle, and the bu-
reaus at Ellis Island and Washington
are added, the figures will be found
to be much larger.
It is not merely because most of
the Jews of Europe have relatives
here that the eyes of the Jewish
world have been turned to American
Jewry. happily the Jews in this
country are so situated that they can
and might afford that help and that
guidance of which unfortunately so
many millions of our people stand in
sore need.
The Jewish people is still a wan-

dering people and no one can tell
when it will cease to be that. What
the New Year will bring forth no one
can venture to prophesy, but Hilts
knows that it is always well to be pre-
pared.

cle}.11•