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PAGE FOUR
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views expressed by the writers.
Kislev 24, 5686
December 11, 1925
Beth El Diamond Jubilee.
4
P
\
The physical changes from the modest room in the
house on Lamed street where the first Minyan was
held to the impressive structure at Gladstone and
Woodward avenues are paralleled by the growth of
social usefulness and spiritual activity of Temple Beth
El.
Originally a strictly Orthodox congregation and as
the members became imbued with the ideas of their en-
vironment and as integration continued the ritual and
outlook were modified in keeping with American val-
ues. Today Temple Beth El is decidedly Liberal or
Reform. At one period during this 75 years the process
of integration was dangerously near to assimilation, but
the forces of separatism on the outside together with
the traditional individualism on the inside prevented
disintegrations and today a distinct, sound, self-respect-
ing Jewishness has emerged. It is a most uncomfort-
able predicament to find yourself dissatisfied with your
own group and not welcome by those with whom you
would associate as social equals. This unhappy state
of affairs continued for some time because Reform Ju-
daism had taken over the baggage of secular America
without at the same time deepening and extending its
knowledge and appreciation of its own authentic spirit-
ual heritage. Because it had become thoroughly Amer-
icanized in all material aspects many thought that it
would be a simple matter to be accepted as social equals
by the non-Jewish world. The distressing adventures
among the Gentiles are now being recorded and ex-
posed by many who had failed to understand that bar-
riers and obstacles had been built by thousands of years
of prejudice and hatred which could not be so quickly
penetrated.
Temple Beth El knows all this for it is written in the
records as well as in the lives of many of the congre-
gants. But today it has a secure, individual place in
the community. It has won the respect and holds the
esteem of the city not because it would be like the
others but rather because it unique and worth while.
Although there is little danger of a narrow, pa-
rochial outlook in Beth El, yet a quickened and more
intense social consciousness will make its contribution
to communal health even more valuable.
‘4, ?WA' 'Nt,rirW M,
KW's. reW4.
was self-supporting and even with the subsidies pro-
vided by the Zionist Organization the standard of living
was decidedly low. Milk was a luxury and when the
children had a proper supply the whole community was
happy. Many were vegetarians not from choice but
Baltimore.
from necessity and even with the self imposed vegetar-
That the union of all forces in
ianism those who ate meat could have it but three times
Jewry for the rebuilding
a week. If all decided to eat meat they could have it American
of Eretz Yisroel has ceased to be a
but once a week.
dream, but became a reality, is the
of the Day, which says in
Then, too, the settlers have no illusions as to per- opinion
part (editorial Dec. 1): ''The Balti-
manency, for they let it be known that they hope some more conference has merely regis-
day to give up their present life and lead the fuller and tered the fact, not created it. Balti-
more has revealed in its entire mag-
more colorful life of urban Europe. Life is hard, often nitude
a process which has been going
drab and monotonous, but the precarious state of af- on for several years and which only
needed
the proper form to become
fairs in Europe compels the less idealistic to struggle
visible to all." This process was the
on, while the idealistic moved by great passion, enthus- turning of the great masses of Amer-
ican Jewry toward Palestine, so that
iasm and earnestness enjoy the journey to a noble end.
three or four days before the confer-
We assume that Cahan has pictured the actual con- ence the J. D. C. was obliged to issue
ditions as he found them. He has no ulterior motive, a statement that, owing to the attti-
of the Zionist forces, it is im-
propagandist bias or zealot prejudice. It behooves tude
possible to organize the relief cam-
those who oppse the Russian land settlement scheme paign and that the J. D. C. points
because of its possible ephemeral character to take therefore to its proposed budget,
Palestine has been given an
cognizance of the character of their own settlements in where
important place. This has demon-
Palestine. But we are face to face with the adamant strated the great power and vast in-
fluence of Zionism upon the hearts
fact that without assistance of the Zionist Organization and
pockets of the Jewish masses of
certain distress and even starvation may be the lot of America. And Mr. Marshall's corn-
the colonists. For this most pressing reason we think ing to Baltimore to testify to the
great work done by the J. D.
it is the inescapable obligation of American Jewry to really
C. in Palestine and to its willingness
contribute its money to help maintain these people who to continue this reconstructive work
have been driven by barbarous Europe to such extremi- and to proceed to organize the Jew-
ish Agency, was a proof of the great
ties.
victory of the Zion idea. The dem-
Chanukah.
The light of faith will always conquer, no matter
how many may oppose it. This is the lesson of the
"Feast of Lights" or Chanukah, which will be cele-
brated in the Jewish homes beginning Friday evening,
Dec. 11, and for eight successive evenings. One candle
will be lighted on that first night and an additional one
added each successive night while a blessing is recited
and a special song of rejoicing intoned. The festival
commemorates the victory of the Maccabees, few in
number, but led by the light of faith, over Antiochus
Epiphanes, master of many provinces and proud of his
conquests. The Jews were ready to pay taxes but they
would not pay homage to a strange deity. This was
the test and they conquered. Life was useless without
freedom to worship God and so they staked their lives
and won. Many times since then has the Jew faced the
same problem and has answered in the same way.
But why celebrate for eight days? A Talmudic
legend says that when the temple was regained it was
necessary to relight the perpetual lamp. For this pur-
pose a specially prepared oil was needed. Only a small
cruse was found, which would ordinarily last one day,
but by the grace of God, it lasted eight days, thus giv-
ing ample time for the preparation of additional oil to
keep the lamp burning perpetually.
The light of faith and tolerance is needed today,
and so the Jewish home continues to light it with the
hope that the time will come when all oppression will
cease and when tolerance will be replaced by real free-
dom everywhere.
Cahan Visits Palestine.
Abraham Cahan, editor of the Forward, visited Pal-
estine with a view of ascertaining at first hand the facts
concerning the experiment in establishing a homeland.
His observations, interviews and conclusions have been
set forth with a kindly though non-partisan objectivity.
He found evidences of indomitable will, splendid cour-
age, idealistic sacrifice and genuine inspiration among
the chalutzim. With a special interest in the trade
union and socialist activities he necessarily devotes
more space to those phases than would one who is es-
sentially a nationalist, religious or cultural Jew. He is
unable to rhapsodise over the spiritual accomplishments
although he admires unstintingly. lie went there to
learn the facts and not to appraise imponderabilia and
intangibles as have too many enthusiastic apologists.
In a lengthy discussion of the life of the communist
chaluzim he found ro fundamental differences in their
emotional reactions from those who fitted the mould of
a society based upon private property. Marriage was
delayed among them just as it is among intelligent peo-
ple of the West who are unable to meet the economic
demands of the marriage state. Children received the
same parental love even though the mother did not
devote all her time to the routine duties of the house-
hold. He found, however, that there was a marked
absence of interference in sex affairs which they con-
sidered strictly private matters.
What was of greatest significance to him was the
actual economic status of the communities. He makes
the unequivocal statement that not one of the colonies
DIGEST
What Has Happened to Us?
When the original immigration law was passed we
hoped for the best. When the amended law was passed
we solaced ourselves with the fond illUsion that nothing
much worse could happen to us. When Count Karolyi
was silenced by an order of the State Department we
were just down-right flabbergasted. When Saklatvala
was denied admission as a delegate to the Interparlia-
mentary Union conference we were horrified by our in-
ternational bad manners. When Countess Karolyi was
denied admission for reasons not yet given we thought
the joke was carried far enough; but the farce has not
been played out to the last act, for now we learn that
a noted Russian scientist, Professor Abraham Joffe, who
has done remarkable experimental work in electricity,
has been excluded from the country after he received
an invitation from the Rockefeller Institute.
The Rockefeller Institute proposes to make repre-
sentations to the State Department to enable this schol-
ar and scientist to visit his confereres. He is excluded be-
cause he comes from Soviet Russia and in all probability
entertains political ideas not approved by our State De-
partment.
There are limits to which this Chinese Wall busi-
ness can be carried and in all candor we surely have
passed all limits when scholars, scientists, men of let-
ters, musicians and artists are excluded from this coun-
try because of unorthodox political views. There sure-
ly ought to be a rule or reason in this matter of exclu-
sions. Even the protagonists of exclusion and discrim-
ination did not have in mind such practices as have
characterized our State Department.
Admitting that these people have political views
contrary to the generally accepted ones of our country,
but they are not coming here to spread subversive prop-
ganda. Prof. Joffe intended to come here as a scien-
tific discoverer and acquaint our scientists with his re-
searches, technique and discoveries. Cases like these
expose the vice of the whole business of proscribing
ideas and their free expression. At first the club is
used against those who have pronounced revolutionary
ideas and gradually it is extended until it touches those
who are far removed though non-conformist.
The suppression of the differing, the mania of
standardization, the fear of the critical, has reached
the point where we have lost all sense of proportion and
abandoned all discriminating judgement.
It is a prerogative of sovereignity to determine who
shall and who shall not be admitted to our country but
as against this principle there must also be the recog-
nition of the fact that progress and enlightenment are
hardly possible if we shut out all those who do not
think as we do.
It is now seven years since the Armistice was signed
and really we should be free from the bugaboo of
propaganda which was so industrially and effectively
disseminated. All these excluded ones and even a
thousand times the number cannot effect our social,
economic and political structure if it is sound and
stable.
We must perforce remove from the statute books
all war time laws born of fear and anger. We must
envisage democracy as something which guarantees
rights and privileges to those who are citizens of other
countries. The proper time to begin this recognition is
now. The next Congress should sweep away all these
laws which make us appear in such an unenviable light
before the rest of the enlightened world.
Common Ground.
The labor movement of Palestine under the leader-
ship of Ben Gurion is laboring with good will to bring
about certain cordial relations and better understanding
with the Arabs. If there are chauvinistic, vain boast-
ing groups which would bring discord the workers are
doing everything possible to counteract these disrupt-
ing influences. The Arab workers are welcomed and
placed upon the same plane as are the Jews, if for no
other reason than the fact that the Arab workers can
be used to reduce living and wage standards. This is
not the motive which moves them. They are deter-
mined to build a new polity of a workers republic in
conformity with the ideals of Professor Albert Einstein
and other noble minded men who would be grieved if
Palestine followed the jingo patterns of decayed Eu-
rope.
It is all too frequently forgotten that the underlying
population of Palestine is made up of peasants and
workers. If they are treated with friendliness and good
will they will respond in like fashion. No matter what
the ultimate outcome of the Zionist experiment it will
prove that accord is possible if a common denominator
can be found. This common denominator in Palestine
is a decent standard of living for all the people, the
Jews, Arabs and Christians alike.
onstration of unity was sufficiently
imposing not to require further com-
ments. The paper does not doubt
that the Zionist elements will do their
full share in the relief campaign for
Jews of Eastern Europe.
"Baltimore was the end of an
epoch of strife among American
Jewry. From now on we are enter-
ing upon a period of fruitful and
peaceful work, of which Palestine
most remain the one undivided
basis."
The Jewish Daily News calls Bal-
timore "The Jewish Locarno," ex-
plaining, however, that the compari+
son is two warring sides in American
Jewry that, while Jews are no foes
of Zion, the Zionists, on the other
hand; were always the most ardent
supporters of relief activities. Dif-
ferences of opinion do not constitute
war. Actual strife ensued over two
other elements introduced into the
controversy. On one hand, the "Yev-
seks" were shouting that the Russian
colonization is the end of Zionism
and has inherited Zion's position in
Jewish life. On the other hand, cer-
tain persons prominent in the relief
work allowed themselves, in the heat
of the debate, to slight Palestine
work "for the next three years."
These two circumstances have cre-
ated a sort of war atmosphere.
"Will Baltimore Locarno end this
situation?" the paper asks. and it
finds it difficult to foretell. "One
thing is certain: peace must and shall
be effected among the Jews of Amer-
ica."
The Daily Jewish Courier of Chi-
cago discusses editorially the confu-
sion of the "two points" in American
Jewry, which had continued ever
since the beginning of the world war
and which was suddenly accentuated
by the plan of Jewish colonization in
Russia. This confusion did not miss
even such leading minds in the Zion-
ist movement as Dr. Weizmann, as a
result of which was the illusion of a
united Jewry in a "Jewish Agency,"
which would embrace all active Jew-
ish forces and include such persons
like Louis Marshall. Of course, a
united Jewry is much to be desired.
But it seems that it is our fate ever
to be divided. Realizing this, the
Zionists should muster all their forces
and concentrate the work so that
Eretz Ylsroel does not suffer as a re-
sult of a split in American Jewry.
The Jewish World of Philadelphia
thinks that the Baltimore conference
has completed satisfactorily what
was begun by the Philadelphia con-
ference in September. The Bald-
more conference, however, signifies
more than a conclusion of peace be-
tween the two factions in American
Jewry. It has seen the end of the
struggle which was going on here for
the past few months to be a signal
victory for the interests of Palestine.
"While no one desired to speak in
terms of victor and vanquished, the
fact cannot be denied that Palestine
will now receive more attention in
certain circles than was hitherto the
case. These circles are now con-
vinced that Jewish public opinion in
America is strong for Palestine, and
this public opinion must be reckoned
with."
J. Fishman, in the Jewish Morning
Journal, does not think the Baltimore
conference gave the much desired
harmony and understanding, but it
did go far in preparing the way to-
ward such an ultimate understanding.
In the same paper Ephraim Kaplan
is of the opinion that if peace over-
tures were less indulged in, perhaps
there would have been less cause Cu.
quarrel.
HEAVIEST BURDEN
Is the "inactive list," those was
criticize but do not help; those who
want prominence but are unwilling to
merit it by faithful service under
others; those who question the motives
of their fellows largely because they
themselves are self-seekers; those who
sometimes appear when there is work
to be done; those who so easily find
fault with what is attempted or ac-
complished, but who give the minimum
of co-operation and assistance when
their suggestions are accepted, and
nothing but criticism when the judg-
ment of others prevails.
SUCCESS
"Ile has achieved success who has
lived well, laughed often and loved
much; who has gained the respect of
intelligent men and the love of little
children; who has filled his niche and
accomplished his task; who has left
the world better than he found it,
whether by an improved poppy, a per-
fect poem, or a rescued soul; who has
never lacked appreciation of earth's
beauty or failed to express it; who has
always looked for the best in others
and given the best he had; whose life
was an inspiration, whose memory •
benediction."Mrs. A. Stanley.
So long as fortune sits at the table
friends sit there.
N, sia ■ -i
•
-
ti
I "Modern Science and Old-Fashioned Faith "
By RABBI LEON FRAM,
Temple Beth El, Detroit.
A Reply to Clarence Darrow.
In my opening lecture on "Re- of the Bible develop ever broader and
ligion In the Twentieth Century" I warmer conceptions of human IC(X
stated that one of the reasons why and ever subtler and more refined ir-
religion is so interesting nowadays is terpretations of nature and of C.,, ,
religion
that it is engaged in a fight. Most The prophets did not know ;wk..
of the time it is on the defensive, as- but their moral teachings are as 1.
sailed by the combined forces of fluential in the affairs of today a
g',
modern life and fighting with its back any scientific discovery. This grin,
to the wall. Recently in one section ing and searching for the good is str , I
of America it took the aggressive and going on. It did not end with tl,
tried by a drastic strategy to elimi- Bible. Were all the Bibles in the.
nate its foes. As is true of most world repudiated and destroyed,
wars, however, neither party to the would still have religion. The qu...
battle knows what the shooting is for the good is a fundamental soci,‘:
impulse. It is not brought into beine
about. The issues of the conflict are
not clear. Indeed, it is likely that if by books; it brings books into beim , .
the issues were made clear the hos- Religion created the Bible, not the
tilities would immediately cease. Re- Bible religion.
I believe that, this far, Mr. Darrou
ligion appears to be in conflict with
science, because most people never agrees with me. At the Dayton trio'
stop to think through the total human he argued to the effect that the fact
that the theory of evolution contra. 1
significance of either science or re-
diets the Biblical account of creation
ligion. As has happened frequently
does not in any way reflect upon the
in other wars, if the combatants only
merit of the moral teachings of the
stopped firing long enough to become
Bible, or upon the value of religiou ,
acquainted, they would soon discover
idealism in general. Now that w,
that they are not antagonists but
have eliminated belief in the Bible or
kameraden.
I believe the chief source of the any other special belief or custom a.:
an issue between religion and science,
misunderstanding lies in the defini-
lion of religion. Religion is taken by the conflict narrows down to a choice
between two attitudes toward life
so many people to be a body of know-
ledge or a system of facts. As soon and nature—the religious attitude
as one of the facts in the system is and the scientific attitude. We have
challenged or proven untrue, the already defined .the religious temper
whole of religion is threatened with —the sense that life is a seeking of
repudiation. When a Christian ceases good and the assurance that nature
to believe in one of the miracles o f i n t h e ti ltimate analysis befriends the
the Bible—that woman was formed s ee k e rs .
What is the scientific disposition?
out of the rib of man—he thinks he
Is it necessarily opposed to religion?
has risen intellectually beyond the
In
the last 200 years science has won
plane of Christian folk, and Chris-
brilliant victories both in the
tain folk believe he has sold his soul such
study
of nature and In its mastery
to the devil. When a Jew eats a slice
for
human
conveniences that many
of bacon, he thinks he has emanci- people began
to attribute to science
pated himself from the burden of the the quality that
to belong to
Jewish faith, and his fellow Jews be- magic, namely, used
absolute certainty.
lieve he has sold his Jewish birthright.
The scientist is certain, people soy.
Now these things, beliefs and cus- The scientist does not guess. The
toms, have attached themselves to re_ scientiat does not believe except what .
ligion but they are not of its essence.
he sees. What need have we for the
Essentially religion is an ideal of
of religion—its assurances
conduct and an attitude toward life,
or hopes or spiritualities—when sci-
plus a system of education to pro-
ence is providing us with an abso-
mote that ideal and attitude and
lutely certain and authentic explana-
transmit them to future generations.
tion of everything? Scientific knowl-
Beliefs, customs and ceremonies are
edge is all we need to make life
mere incidentals.
complete, satisfying; all else is
superfluous. Science tells us for
As an ideal of conduct, religion is a
certain that there is no room in na-
continuous quest for the good in life,
ture for God. This sense of certainty
not alone my private good, but the
human good. As an attitude toward that there is no God is known au
atheism. Needless to say, none of
life, it is the conviction that good can
the great scientific investigators has
be found, that nature in the long run
ever spoken in that tone. Newton
is friendly to the seeker after good;
and Darwin and Descartes and Ein-
or, even if nature be indifferent, that
men .can co-operate so effectively as stein are all religious men. I have
to draw good even out of an imper- been quoting the opinion of the camp
5.
followers of science, the people that
sonal universe.
Religion, in brief, is the positive or suffer from that most dangerous of
healthy as opposed to the negative or afflictions—a little knowledge. Your
cynical attitude toward life. You can genuine scientist is a very humble
man. He knows that science has
see that when religion is viewed thus,
any particular belief or practice be- never explained anything. lie knows
comes a secondary consideration. I that all science attempts to do is to
describe the world, that is to classify
have had people say to me: "Rabbi,
as accurately as possible all the
I cannot be religious, I cannot con-
knowable facts about nature, so as to
ceive of life after death." But if re-
make them usable for human pur-
ligion is primarily an attitude toward
poses and for futher study. But he
life, your belief or disbelief in immor-
also knows that none of the descrip-
tality matters comparatively little in
deciding whether you are religious or tions he gives of nature can be called
not. The prophets of Israel—Isaiah certain. Ile never sees most of the
and Micah—as far as we know, did things he talks about. He looks at
this desk and says it is made up of
not believe in life after death. Cer-
little molecules. What chemist ever
tainly they expressed no interest in
saw a molecule? or an atom? or an
it. The thing the prophets of Israel
ion? What physicist ever felt time
did believe in was that humankind
or
saw the ether? Your typical scien-
was capable of righteousness, of liv-
tist lives in a world of ghosts, of
ing together, and of peace.
things
unseen and unseeable. If he
Another person says to me: "Rabbi,
believed only what he saw, he would
I am outside of the fold of religion,
have
had
to give up long ago. Not
I cannot conceive of God." But here,
in plain sight of everyone who will being able to see all of nature, he
guesses
at
what he cannot see, and
take the trouble to look, is Buddhism
—a religion with more followers than his guesses are as frequently wrong
Judaism and Christianity combined— as right. Most of the explanation ,
which is based upon disbelief in God. or descriptions that the hangers-on
It Is, I believe, the weakness of of science were dead certain about 50
Buddhism, the cause of its stagnation, years ago have since been proven
false.
that it does not acknowledge a God.
Ten years ago, in my freshman
We find that its followers have merely
substituted for our worship of God year at college, the professor of
chemistry
proved to us that all things
the worship of a man—an idol—
were made up of little invisible units
Buddha. In questioning further the
of
matter
called
atoms. When these
man who says he does not believe in
God, I frequently find that what really high school boys and girls enter col-
lege, they will learn that the atomic
repels him is not the idea of God, but
theory was all wrong, that the final
the conduct of certain people who say
they believe in God. At any rate, the unit of which all things are composed
is not matter at all, but energy—a
idea of God has never had any greater
worth than the ideals of human con- thing termed electron. When I was
college I came into contact with
duct which it inspired.
The fact that religion is primarily philosophers who said that the world
could
be explained mechanistically
an outlook upon life explains also why
as an interaction of matter and mind.
it has survived all of the so-called
And
they
seemed to know exactly
"fatal" blows that have rained down
upon the Bible in recent times. In the what mind was and what matter was.
ask a scientist "What is
Today
if
you
Western world, especially, religion
has been practically identified with matter?" he answers "Never mind."
And if you ask him "What is mind?"
belief in the Bible—"Bible worship,"
he answers "It doesn't matter."
as Dr. Freehof termed it in a recent
When I took up physics at college,
lecture at the temple.
the
most certain thing in all science
when the Babylonian tablets were
was Newton's law of gravitation.
first deciphered and it was discovered
When
these high school boys and girls
that the Bible had copied from old
there were enter college, they will learn the most
Bablon
y i an traditions
'
many people who thought
that from important laws of physics have been
that blow against the authority of the proven false and Newton's law of
Bible religion would never recover. gT avitatio n will be rep laced b y Ein-
stein's principle of the relativity of
When it was proven beyond a doubt
that Moses could not have written the motion and the curvature of space.
five books attributed to him, people When I was in my second year told
of
thought that preachers and rabbis high school, my science teachers
could not thenceforth show their faces me with the petty teacher's tone of
absolute cc tainty that it was not the
in public. When first Tom Paine and
later Bob Ingersoll exposed the many sun that moved around the earth, but
cruel and obscene chapters to be found it was the earth that moved around
in the Bible, they thought that re- the sun. This statement was in such
ligion would be shamed into total dis- sharp contradiction with the Biblical
its circuit
appearance. When, together with all picture of the sun making immediately
the earth that I
this, there came the realization that around
lost
all
my
religion.
I
stopped
pray-
the creation story of Genesis was in-
c^mpatible with the scientific theory ing and quit Hebrew school. My
of evolution, then it seemed that there months
mother's
heart my
was
broken.
It was
before
rabbi
and teachers
was no hope left for faith.
able to persuade me that there
1.
Religion, in its liberal form, did net were
as
ou something to religion even
shut its eyes to these new develop- rh
e
'ri
t the earth went around
meats, nor did it languish because of sun g When
hen these boys and girls go
them. Instead, it assimilated them to college,
'
they will learn that, ac-
and grew stronger because of them.
cording to the Einstein theory, it i is
It was found that the human ideals of
the Book
of Genesis
been unim-
just as
correct
to earth
nay that
the sun
because
of the have
discovery
that goes
around
the
as that
the
paired
ry
earth goes around the sun. I could
the Genesis account of creation is crieurtItiaipdlyselinesntcaences to show how un-
un-
scientifically incorrect. Those of you
es o aldreest caonrd
isp, rhino cwipilts
who are taking the courses in Bibb. most cherished
Literature in our College of Jewish
Studies have already learned how the stantly
to challenge.
The
out-
standing open
characteristic
of the
scien-
Bible literature is interpreted as a tific attitude is its uncertainty, its
human document, not as a body of constant readiness to find new facts
facts which you must believe or be
which will contradict its oldest prin-
damned. It is the record of Israel's ciples. What scierce contradicts to-
gropings after the good. By contrast-
a gaani
and n
t agree
m . rrwith
ow . tomorrow,
I i.
ing the first with the second chapter what it agrees
es with today
ay it may
of Genesis. we saw how in the early contradict
dayitm
a
recall
ay
ry the concep-
stages of Israel's history
that in my freshman year at Johns
tion of life is barbaric and the inter-
Hopkins University I took a course in
pretation of nature awkward, how
with time and experience the authors
(Continued on next page.)
th
n
J
fi
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