PAGE FOUR

ceived one meal a day of about 870
Childa
ra I. Rats.
calories food value. The food con-
"The home we first visited, con- sisted of gruel or oatmeal grits, co-
taining 90 children, was quite near coa with evaporated milk, sugar,
the A. R. A. headquarters, a small some fats and a quarter pound of
two-story cement and brick house white bread daily. I remember well
considerably dismantled, windows the opening of the first kitchen at
broken and lacking the ordinary fa- Ekaterinoslav on the Potiomkinskaia
By BENJAMIN PEPPER
cilities of sanitation. It was a dreary luring the first week in May. This)
looking place without even the sim- kitchen accommodated about 4001
(Editor's Note:—A comprehensive report of the work done by the J. plest equipment. There was not a children. The preceding week the
D. C. in Russia has just been completed by James N. Rosenberg after a single knife or fork for the children, local committee of representativel
work. The work is now in the printer's hands and will be published though that was unimportant, as they citizens living in this area had been
Rosenberg had completed the report,
had nothing to eat with knives or busy selecting the children who
within the next two weeks. Just as Mr.
Benjamin Pepper, who was one of the workers in the Ukraine, returned to forks, the diet at that time consisting should be fed and when tie work was
story
which is printed as a part of the almost entirely of a very watery soup
word had gone forth that the
America and gave Mr. Rosenberg a
.1 0 11P
report. Mr. Pepper is a young American lawyer, a graduate of Cornell and some indigestible black bread. kitchen was to be opened. From
University, was an instructor in history there, then resigned that post and Most of the children were in rags and early morning the fortunate ro•ildren1
went to Cambridge, England, and was studying international law there some were actually stark naked. They with little mugs in their hands be
when the J. D. C. unit was organized to go to the Ukraine, and at Mr. Rosen- were little tots, none older than 14 gan gathering about the door, while
Mr. Pepper abandoned his work and went to the Ukraine. and most of them between 7 and 10 hundreds of others who hail not been
berg's request
sole representative of the J. l). C. in the Ekaterinoslav district, —all Jewish children. Due to the selected for feeding stood about hop-
efliAlhe
in which there was a feeding program of 200,000 children and 100,000 fact that they had already received ing that something would happen to
C. food
some food front the J. D.
that they might also be admitted. It
adults.)
packages, they had not had any is impossible for anyone who has not
children, infants—all starving and
"When I expessed my willingness number already dead. At least 30 deaths within the preceding month, seen it to picture these long lines
though before that they had suffered and row's of thin, tragic faces and
•
to go to the Ukraine, Mr. Rosenberg dead bodies were being removed daily severely from starvation. But the
forms with their look of expectation
begged me to keep a diary. I did from this station. To get out of the food packages had not gone a very as they waited there for the doors
had
to
pick
my
way
over
long way in maintaining more than to open. One of the curious features
so for the first 10 days in Ekaterino- station I
these bodies of human beings lying existence. The children were ema-
of our feeding was that. hungry as
slav, but our hours of work were such
there dying of starvation. Charkov ciated, some of them unbelievably
the children were, for a long time it
that I would not keep it up and
was not in the famine area, it was o thin and gaunt with skin drawn tight
was impossible to get them to drink
therefore must write this account railroad center and these people were over the jaws and cheek bones and
the cocoa. They had never seen it
refugees from the famine districts with deep sunken eyes, so that their
from memory. I left London on Ap-
in their lives, they did not know
who had gathered at all the various faces looked like skeleton heads. They
$1385 f. o. b. Detroit; $1437.60 delivered
what it was and they were quite
ril 1, 1922, as an A. R. A. man ap-
railroad centers throughout the Uk- had a frown on their faces with deep
afraid of it. But after they had once
pointed by Colonel Grove, with Ben- raine in such numbers that the gov-
vertical
creases
between
their
eye-
acquired
the
taste
they
could
nut
get
jamin Blattner, J. D. C. accountant; ernment had no place to put them, brows which I later learned was the
enough of it. The feeding in the in-
Frank L. l'rice, a publicity man of no means of feeding them nor any typical frown of starvation. Their stitutions was conducted in the same
the A. R. A., and two Englishmen possibility of coping with the situa- skin was a sort of mottled brown,
way as in kitchens directly under our
emplyed as accountants by the A. tion in any way, and these gathering
which I later learned was also a sign control with regard to the menu and
It. A. I traveled via Ostend to Ber- points were centers of pestilence 811(1 of starvation. There were a few who amount of callories per meal. We
lin and then to Riga, where we ob-
death.
had been through even more extreme printed circulars showing the rations
tained the necessary Russian visas
for Ek•terinaslay.
stages of starvation, for their stom- for each (lay and the ration nor child
permitting entrance into Russia.
"After several days in Charkov, achs were blunted and swollen and allowed. so that the only difference
From Riga, we went by train to Mos-
one or two ware even swollen about between the feeding in institutions
Colonel
Grove
and
Dr.
Bogen
arrived
cow (then a three-day trip for what
from their trip of inspection through the joints of the legs and feet. These and kitchens was that in one case we
now takes a day and a half). Mos-
youngsters slept three and even four directly controlled the work, while in
cow had a drab, run-down aPpear- the Ukraine. I received my instruc-
together in tiny cribs without mat- the other case we merely exercised a
ance, but the only indications of tont- tions from them and departed for
tresses at all or with mattresses made supervisory function. Wherever pos-
ine were the many beggars on'the Ekaterinoslav, arriving there on Ap-
, about :300 of coarse sacking stuffed with stiff sible we used existing institutions.
ril
28.
Ekaterinoslav
streets. On the day of my arrival I
straw. The two women in charge of
to Come.
received my inocculations against miles south of Charkov, is a city of
Food C
this children's home were deeply
typhoid, pare-typhoid and cholera and 175,000 inhabitants. 75 per cent of
"The difficulties we had to contend
ashamed for the condition of the
left the following day for the Uk them Jews. At the railroad station
with
were
of
various
sorts. On June
house, which it was obvious they
raise. My first atop was at Charkov, I was met by the A. R. A. district
30 we were feeding 90,000 children,
supervisor, Thomas Barringer, who could do nothing to prevent.
waited
for
Colonel
Grove
which was up to schedule. Then sud-
where I
• Met at Every Turn.
took me through the city to the A.
Beggars
denly the food ceased coming in and
sod Dr. Bogen to arrive and assign It. A. headquarters. The impression
"When I first came to Ekaterino- we were unable to expand our pro-
me to my work. There I got my
a dead city.
of
the streets
Initiation into the horrors of famine. I gathered was that
gram as required. Daily messages
slav, one could find 011
The street along which we rode was every (lay persons who crept wearily
to Odessa brought no response and
On my arrival in Ch a rkov, it became
necessary to pass through the main the famous Ekaterinenskai prospect into some corner, never to rise again. Mr. Barringer and I were frantic. In
waiting room of the railroad station, --a broad avenue wider than Fifth Beggars met one at every turn. I the first week in July, Colonel Grove
which is a room about one-half the avenue, four miles long in a straight remember particularly one Jewish happening to come through Ekaterin-
size of the main floor of the Grand I line, with a once beautiful alley of fdrnily, a mother with three weeping oslav on a tour of inspection, we in-
The floor of this
ins down the center. But where
children, lying on the sidewalk at one formed hint that our program of ex-
Central Station.
now
ne
of the more busy corrs.
Another pansion had stopped and we were in
room was literally covered wit ' .( pen- there once was grass there was
i
bare
dirt
and
whore
many
a
tree
had
forget I saw
pie, old and young, men, women,
actual immediate danger of having
a case that I shall never
- __ formerly
stood there was now
at one of the kitchens in company to close our kitchens due to the fact
I
tamp. Many of the buildings on with Dr. Chanis. It was a woman
. .
that our food reserves were being ex-
either side were in ruins (for there with a tiny infant in her arms. The
hausted. Colonel Grove was aston-
had been much fighting there during child seemed to me to be not more
he himself had
the war and revolution); others were than six months old, but what at- ished. Ile said that
signed Cw order for additional ship-
in
boarded up or t. rous,
windows one saw empty wrecks of 1 tracted our attention was its sunken, ments and that he would investigate
Have the Great Honor of An-
MA RTIN PLACE
. ch was that of a this matter instantly on his arrival in
WOJBWARD
what had been stores and shops. The wrinkled face, That
wh
JEFFERSON AT CHENE
child was four Odessa. There, as I later learned, he
nouncing the Fist( an.' Only
7117
man f '7'
GLENDAL
AT
A. R. A. headquarters were loc
Visit in Detroit of
years old! In all the terrible time discovered that some clerk through
EIIGEWOOD 4460
near the edge of the city on the Novo of revolution, banditry, bloodshed
5782
THE
whose hands our order had passed
Norwoodward
Motor
Co.,
9115
Woodward—Northway
Dworanskaia. Practically every build- and famine, the mother had kept this
had decided that our warehouse space
Northeast Motor Co., 8534 Jos Campau—Empire 4083
ing on this street excepting the one child alive, but no more than that. in Ekaterinoslav, which he had never I
Midwest Motor Co., 7753 Grand River—Garfield 7100
assigned to us had been damaged, She had had so little nourishment to
seen, was not sufficient to accommo-
I although many a family still found give it that she had been unable to
°robot Motor Co., 8226 Gratiot—Lincoln 1172
date the supplies ordered and that he
!shelter in these roofless, ruined, win- do more than maintain the spark of had better hold up this requisition.
lin
life, but the child, unable to grow, Ile had therefore filed it away. It
s
vioaw
d
cement
had
e ienngi
li' es. T h La obl iuil l d
at the end of four years was still an was through such occurrences that
le as. sthree-story
brick building about 50 by 50 feet
each day contained its drama. The
infant in arms.
and here the A. it. A. had severl
"The first few days were spent at food started to come in immediately
have gone into private enterprises i
months previously opened offices for
nuanced that the lad's sentence would a result of the Veep find themsel•
the A. R. A. office getting acquainted after Colonel Grove reached Odessa —
the distrbiution of the $10 food pack-
be commuted to life imprisonment. now in a very critical position as
with the problems and working out and you may imagine the sigh of re
ages which it sold in America. The
Cematantin Stennis:retry and VI•dloOr
The mother of the boy and the local result not only of the heavy taxati(
the details of the child feeding wort lief and delight which Mr. Barring .t.
Memirovitch-Dantchenko, Director•
main for and basement of this build-
ress are full of praise for the
hu- imposed by the government but I
.
with Mr. Barringer, the A. R. A. su- and I heaved when the telephone
ing were used for the clerical work
mane act of the Jewish rabbi.
pervisor. The program which we came from the railroad station that
the fact that the government trus
and distribution warehouse of the
N on .j.,,,i,h B., 17, Was to Bel
were to carry out involved the feed- the trains had come in. Within 36
are competing severely with the is
Hanged Nest Month.
food package work; the second floor
hours, 75 carloads arrived—the day
ing
of
200,000
children
and
150,000
vote enterprises by opening ret
was used for sleeping quarters and
AT THE
SACRAMENTO.— (J. T. A.) — \
adults in the gubernia of Ekaterino- was saved.
stores.
on the third floor we now prepared
"I ought to touch on one more
F'. Bard, a Christian buy of
slav,
a
territory
about
300
miles
long
The government recently created
to organize the non-sectarian child
17, who was sentenced to be hanged,
.
and 150 miles wide. This district matter arid that is the adult feeding, 17
, --'7
special department for the purpose
.
Starting Sunday, April 27.
feeding division.
particularly that in the country dire wassaved by Rudolph I. Coffee, rabbi Soviets Making Individual Enterprise lighting the entrepreneurs, and via
contained in addition to Ekaterin
boy,
REPERTORY
"My first day at Ekaterinoslav had slay itself, the smaller cities of Alex- tricts rather than in the city. There
Difficult.
merchants have been arrested on I
Inn. Eve. April 27—
fi g ht
Th e fi
one most important meeting. I wish andria, Krivoi Rog, Nikopol, Sinel- originally had been no intention of who had been sentenced to the gal-
1 T 'r.
A . I -- Th
R I C , A
A. — (..
"Tsar Fyodor Ivanovitch"
slightest pretexts and sent to Siber
ity Coont Alexel Tolatoy
of Temple
Sinai,
Oakland.
The was
I could do justice to Dr. Boris Chanis. nico, Povlograd, etc. Fortunately for feeding adults in the Ukraine, but in- lows
in Yreka,
Siskiyou
county,
in the county prison awaiting his against the traders and merchants, in Most of those affected are Jews.
Moo. Eve. April 25—
Dr. Chanis is a leader among the Jews
vestigation
showed
that
the
feeding
railroad
system
in
our
gu-
execution
on
May
25,
when
Rabbi
spite
of
the
official
sanction
of
pti.
R result of this business depress
the
"The Cherry or
and indeed among all the people in us.
By Anton Tchekhoff
bernia was very well laid out for of children was not sufficient to meet
and dual economic policy, the des
Ekaterinoslav, possessing the respect our purposes, so that we were able the problem of famine in this area Coffee, who is a member of the State vote trade under the Nep (new eco-
Tues. Eve, April 29—
policy), has been started again for emigration from Russia I
"The Lower Depths"
and adniiration as well as the trust to depend almost. entirely upon the and that unless something was done Board of Prisons, succeeding the late nomic
by the Soviet government.
Marini Gorky'• Manterpiece
grown again very acute.
and confidence of all people with railresds .setting food to the vari- to save the adults, tremendous num- , Dr. Martin A. Meyer, in the course o
The merchants and traders who
Wed. MM. April 30—
whom he came in contact. Ile is a
"Tsar Fyodor ivanavitch"
g points which we es- hers of them would die and that fur- 1 i his duties became interested in him.
-
ous
disteibuti
man of about :35 years of age, ill of tablished t•,reoghout the gubernia. thermore the peasants in the villages The boy looked no young that
Wed. Eve. April 30—
"The Brothers Karamaroff"
an incurable disease, frequently suf-
.
Ity FyInlor Dustolevaky
From these distributing points the had become so weakened from lack Rabbi Coffee started an investigation
otin
of food that it was highly probable I and discovered through the birth rec-
firing intense pain, and yet dot
Mars. Eva. May
his time and his life unstintingly to food was conveyed to the a[ e
Cheery Orchmd"
that a large part of the harvest would orris in Los Angeles that he was only
the cause of helping his fellownien. I lages and towns scattered over the
Fri. Eve. Mw 2—
•
.
Tsar Fyodor Ivanavitch
' gubernia by the farmers of the vil- be lost due to the fact that they were 17. The boy had been thought above
With us he devoted all is
came
with
their
little
Sat. Mat. May 3—
unable to harvest the crop. There- legal age because in order to obtain
urges. - 'h
"The Cherry Orchard"
automobile license about a year
,
lief work and took barely enough pay wagons
fore, upon very short no
and small cossack ponies
Sat. Eve. May 3—
to sustain life himself. His unselfish- ox carts in long trains from all di- ganized our adult feeding work. This ago he had claimed to be older.
"The Lower Depths"
combined with
Due to Rabbi Coffee's activities,
,
The curtain will rise promptly Si
ness and selfoacrilice
rections. We had warehouses in all was done through the same agencies
at the evening performance •ntl at 2
his keen mind and unflagging energy, the cities that I mentionedabove and as our child feeding, but the food was Governor Friend W. Richardson an-
at the matinee,and. according to •
.
were a guide and an inspiration to Russian representatives aptiointed to not distributed cooked each day, but
cost., honored In Moon.. for the last
us in our work. Upon meeting him supervise the management of the a two weeks' supply of uncooked corn
twenty-five yes., positivelyno one will
he seated therrfter until the first in.
I realized that he was a man who warehouse and the organization of grits was given out at once to each
terrnimion.
could and would be of immense serv- kitchens and distribution of food in adult entitled to help. The object of
Special Engllah translations of tech
of the ploys are now mailable •t the
ice to us in our work and I immedi- the area surrounding each one of this was to enable the peasant to re-
Garrirk Theater box °Mc@ or may be
ately arranged with him to go on a these points. The organization, of main at work in the field without the
obtained hy mail addreased to the Cm.
qion the following (lay
r
rick Theater at thirty-five centa each.
of i n of I the Jewish children's course, was entirely Russian.
necessity of interruption, a long
trip
to • some
PRICES (Including Tax)
homes
in
the
city of Ekaterinoslav, whole F.katerinaslav district we had tramp to some kitchen and back each t
$3.30
EVENINGS , Orchestra
day. The importance of this adul
only
three
Americans
in
the
child
.$3.30, $2.75, $2.2 0
my
Bakony
and on this next day I received
...$l.65. SILO
Family Circle
first picture of what the famine feeding work and one additional feeding cannot be measured. I hay-
112.7 5
WED. • SAT. MATS., Orchestra
had representatives of a numb -r of I
meant in the children's homes. American for the food package work
$2.75, $2.20, $1.65
Balcony
—four Americans in all. I am not villages come to me after the harvest
SILO
Family Circle
_ ___ __
going into detail about our organiza- and tell me with tears in their eyes'
tion, but am trying to give only a that our food came at the time of
broad idea of the work in one district. most exererne need as though in an-1
By May 15 we were actually feeding swer to their prayers and that with-
12,000 children, by May 30 40,000, out it they and their villages would
and at the height of the work on have been unable to save the harvest
Aug. 1 we were feeding 210,000 chil- upon which depended not only their
lives, but the lives of all the city
dren and 150,000 adults.

THE MIRACLE OF EKATERINASLAV

The Report of the Work of One Member of the Joint Distribu-
tion Committee in Russia.

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workers.
Child Feeding Non-Sectarian.
Miracle Due to Feeding.
"The child feeding and adult feed-
"The recuperative power of a ho-
ing work was entirely
und conducted according to the prin. man being is marvelous. One would
ciple of greatest need, which principle I have supposed that to save these hag-
the A. R. A. and J. D. C. men worked gard, skeleton-like children that I saw
out and carried through in entire (lase,
ac- I when I first arrived in Ekaterinoslav
was
have required years of careful
cord. The child feeding'
would
entirely
through
kitchens or In
through
giving food
to institutions.
the feeding, yet it took no more than two
months. The change which took place
entire Ekateriruislav gub nia c there',
o f in Ekaterinoslav in that brief time
ere city I was unbelievable. Where once the
th
were :111 kitchens, in
Ekaterinoslav there were 22 kitchens. streets had been filled with beggars,
The houses for these kitchens were without any other act than the open-
provided by the local governments fog of the A. R. A. kitchens, these
and were also equipped by them with beggars disappeared from the streets
large kettles, pails and in dishes. The
children who came to the kitchens re- as them
though
some
great
hand
swept
away.
Where
one
saw had
previous-
ly thin, pale little children with no
strength in their limbs, with no
laughter in their eyes, two months
later these creatures were gone and
in their place were merry, rosy-
, cheeked, happy youngsters. It is this
1unbelievable transformation particu-
larly among the children due to no
lother factor than our feeding which
I shall always look back upon as
something akin to a miracle."

The signature that stands for forty-six
years of awning experience is a positive
guarantee of the best.

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ff

— The

Deutsche Zeitung carries a denial by
Max Warburg of the charge that his
brother, Felix M. Warburg of New
York, ever acted in the capacity of
Allies during I
financial expert to the
the peace negotiations at N'ersailles1
or that he. Max Warburg, was a
member of the German financial dele-1
Ration to Versailles.
The German anti-Semitic press had
previously accused the Vi'arburgs of
working together for the purpose of
damaging the German interests.

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