PAGE FIVE THE DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE ANTIQUITY OF JEWS IN RUSSIA III.) who, because he tried to neu- in the Crimea in Hebrew. At that tralize the evil effects of the church age no non-Jews in Russia dreamed decree, is known as the "King of the it studying Hebrew. In the begin- Serfs and the Jews." Yet, in spite of ning of the seventeenth century Mos- the oppressive, combative, and quar- cow chroniclers complain that the (Continued From Page Four.' relsome licentious Pans and church- country is so overrun by Poles, men. Polish Jews carried on their Lithuanians, heretics and sews that claim that these coins show that (I) shoulders the economic and financial there was no room for the native Jews lived in Poland prior to the in- burdens of the country. Poland was a land of serfs and nobles, and had her real business been left to the nobility, their thriftlessness, flight- iness, haughty incompetence, and un- restrained hot temper, relieved now troduction of Christianity; and (2) that Jews were in charge of the mints. Some inscriptions are in He- brew, reading "Rejoice Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob!' Some claim that Russians. In Novgorod, Jews must have come with the streams of traders that visit- ed the huge fairs there. Novgorod be- longed to the Hanseatic League and i; and then by flashes of aimless mag- Jews must have settled there at a very early period. Already in 1471 nanimity—had it been left to them to conduct the business of the country, appeared what is known in Russian they would have stranded it long be- history as the "Zhidovstyuyushcaya fore they did. Jews acted as the Yeres" (the Jewish Heresy). It was brought about by the ar- financiers and traders of Poland and enemy territory!' At that early pe- held her together as long as they rival of a Jew named Skhariah in the suite of Michael Olechovich. riod we find laws passed distinctly could. referring to Jews. One penalizes the He converted the monk Dionis, thus The first arrival of Jews into the causing untold misery to future breaking of windows in synagogues. In the same century the church ap- Baltic provinces is equally difficult Israel in Russia. For Jews were tor- pears on the stage with its medieval to ascertain. The Baltic provinces tured for the "offense" of Dionis up program of extermination. At a coun- had been part of Lithuania for many to the beginning of the nineteenth cil held at Breslau in 1266 under the centuries. When the Livonian Order century. chairmanship of the papal legate of the Knights of the Sword chose This is but a brief survey of the Guido, the first ghetto was created these lands as a "Vineyard of the antiquity of Jews in Russia. One Lord," we begin to hear of Jews. in Poland. This is part of the de fact, however, must be bottle in mind. tree: "Since Poland has but lately Cross in one hand and cutlass its the The vast majority of Russian Jews joined the fold of the Christian other, they began to exterminate the are not Russian, strictly speaking. church . . . and its inhabitants will inhabitants who would not embrace They are Lithuanian and Polish, each therefore more easily yield to the Christianity. The whole work was a separate group. But at the union prejudices and evil habits of their Jew- carried on with the bloody ardor and of Poland and Lithuania through the ish neighbors, we therefore emphatic. tuthless destruction characteristic of marriage of Jadwiga, queen of Po- ally decree that Jews living in the medieval converts. A great part of land. to Janiello. duke of Lithu- bishopric of Gnesen shall live sep- the inhabitants was exterminated root ania (1386), the Jews under the two arately in some portion of their re- and branch. Of course, Jews suffer- kinixdoin, were united. Then Jews spective towns or villages. The quar- ' ed, and suffered horribly. One of the became Russian subjects at the par- ter in which the Jews reside shall be, minor decrees passed against them tition of Poland in the second half divided from the section inhabited 1 reads: ''For the glory of God and of the eighteenth century, Catherine by the Christians by a fence, or wall,1 the Virgin Mary, whose servants we II., in whose domain the greater part or ditch." The same document fur- 1 are, we decree that no Jew, necro- of Poland's Jews now found itself, thee restricts Jews from owning real mancer, magician, or waydealer" was actuated by western ideas and estate, from appearing in the streets (pagan priest) "shall live in this coun- she treated them more tolerantly. during church processions, and or- try, and that every one sheltering one An edict promulgated by her through ders that they wear a particular kind of such, shall suffer with the Governor-(.enecal Chernyshov, From Poland and Lithuania Jews reads in part: of a cap to distinguish them from the rest of the inhabitants. It for- spread to that part of Russia center- "Religious liberty and inviolability bids Christians, under penalty of ex- ing round Moscow. There must have •omnuinication, to invite Jews to been Jews in Moscow sometime in of property are hereby guaranteed to all subjects of Russia and certainly heir festivals. In the fourteenth cell- the fifteenth century. For Ivan III. ury there is already a king (Casimir (1440-1505) corresponded with a Jew to the Jews also, for the humanitarian principles of her Majesty do not per- Jews came into Poland in company with the evangelical expeditions of Charlemagne (741-814). In the thir- teenth century Jews are already equipped with a charter, or as one historian calls it, "A safe conduct in • • ICE SAVES FOOD! • • 11•11•••1111•111••11111111••1111•WIIIIIIIIIM•11•11••110•••• • E Phones West 28 West 139 West 4340 • . ■ • • Crystal Ice Co., Ltd. In' ■ 1215 • 1217 WEST JEFFERSON AVENUE Branch Yard—Warren Ave. and P. M. R. R. N 34 We can make immediate de- livery of a limited number of Nlarmon Limousines and Town Cass. mit the exclusion of Jews alone from favors shown to all, so long as they, like faithful subjects, continue to em- ploy themselves as hitherto in com- merce and handicrafts, each accord- ing to his vocation." The most humiliating oppression came in the nineteenth century, but With the fall of the Rontanoffs all the legalized injustice and exasperating disabilities were effaced with a single stroke. WILL DANCE FOR JEWISH DAY NURSERY SATURDAY W. D. BLOCK MOTOR CO. 1225 Woodward (Near Palmer) a Market 612. • • • Grand Repiele-200 State St. • rimmuss... ■■ ...........•.•.....•oussommil ' WYLVA "1" 1264 4ii I ETON Co 5' 105 Washington Blvd. At the Stotler The Popular “Brogue" Oxford for Boys Miss Bessie Knoppow Who will give a Gypsy dance at the entertainment and dance to be given by the Detroit Jewish Day Nursery, Juniors, at the Detroit Federation of Women's Clubs, Hancock and Second avenues, Saturday evening at 8 o'clock, June 19. Very serviceable and stylish. They come in Scotch Grain Tan Leath- er. Exceptional values on OW Second Floor, at VICTIM OF HIS NAME $10 sad T an Oxfords $8 and $9 You Never Pay More At Canton's1 BLTDAPEST—While Police In- spector Roszner was taking his wife home from a sanitarium in the fans ly automobile, the machine was stopped by military officers, who asked the occupants for their name and vocation. Because his name sounded Jewish to the officers, Herr Roszner was severely beaten and his wife was hurled out of the automobile to the ground. The unfortunate woman had to be taken hack to the hospital, and it is doubtful w:.ether she will survive the concussion. The Chief Rabbi of Turkey, Nahum Effendi, has resigned in consequence of a divergence of views with the Porte with reference to the participa- tion of Jews of foreign nationality in the elections among the local Jew- ish community, to which the Porte objected, but which the Chief Rabbi upheld. LOU GOLDBERG OPTOMETRISTS Eyes Examined and GI Mad 245 GRISWOLD ST. Telephone Main 453 HE new third lever, illustrated on the quadrant above, so far as the operator is concerned, is all them is to Premier's Cutler- Hammer MagneticGearShift. No other car in existence poiresses this advantage; neither does any car possess Premier's distinctive aluminum motor feature. se HOTEL FRANKLIN Comfort and Sande' Corner Lamed and Bates Streets One block from Electric Dope; DETROIT, MICH. Rates Single-91.50 to $2.50. GORDON MOTOR SALES CO., Northwny 4712 1000 NN outward EMIER . • ll/IJIML/04 1 ' .91 I • • s Attractive WHITE Footwear Your attention is directed to our ability, to fulfill your white footwear needs. To the left are illustrated and priced three of the sea- son's smartest styles. Both Oxfords and Pumps are here in great variety arid each is modeled in just the proper material fur its greatest beauty and utility---he it kid, reignskin or nu-Luck. Their value is instantly apparent. See them. White Silk HOSIERY Quality is paramount at reasonable prices its the hose shown at this shop—and the Hosiery Dept. is conv,•Ment- ly located just within the entrance. Ben Canvasser Kosher Meat Market 215 Woodward Ave. Fish Market Reasonable Prices 1159 HAMILTON BOULEVARD 5. I Queen Quality Boot Shop Fresh Poultry—Meats -.fm MAPPIKVIC "AR .8410• UNUSUALLY •