THE DETROIT EWISH CHRONICLE PAGE FOUR ROGRESSIVE WORLD STRUGGLE IN OF THE JEWS FOR CIVIL EQUALITY LEMEN WE OWN AND OFFER FOR SALE (Continued From Page Two.) down on their heads persecutionl which were directed nominally saved by their own inner life, pure against both Jews and Christians, home life, idealism of the synagogue, but the severities of which the Jews and belief in ultimate Messianic re- were able to escape. demption' from utter demoralization The result of this situation in and despair." Rome and elsewhere placed the Jews Jews Granted Full Freedom by at a great disadvantage when the Saracens. Roman Empire became Christian From Pumbedith and Sura, in under Constantine, and from that Babylonia, in the eleventh century, time on, in one form or another, we the seat of Jewish ecclesiastical au- find constant Christian persecution thority seems to have passed to Spain, of the Jews. where, under the Saracens in Cordova In the long, dark Jewish night, L and Toledo and Granada, the Jews after Christianity became the creed were given full freedom and scope of the Roman emperors, down to the Ea for their activities and for the prac- nineteenth century, there were only tice of their religion, and for the fur- two or three countries and compara- ther discussion of the Jewish faith tively short periods in which the Jews enjoyed tolerance, prosperity, and philosophy. The two Talmuds are verY'volum- and power and were able to develop Mous, and in the centuries after their the genius of their race. In the eighth century Charlemagne, issue their legal contents were digest- «1 and condensed into more usable correctly estimating their value as form for daily consultation and use. subjects of his empire, granted them a From time to time philosophers and tolerance in religion and encouraged leaders of Jewish thought appeared. them in the development of a trade Philo of Alexandria, Nlaimonides which greatly helped his empire and of Spain and Moses Mendelssohn made many of them rich merchants. were the three great lights, the first The fact that there were Jewish com- in the beginning of the Christian era, munities in every great commercial the second in the Middle Ages, and center, even of the most distant parts, the third in the eighteenth century gave them a marked facility in con- and late enough to furnish the type ducting international trade. Charle- to Lessing for what that wonderful magne's son and successor, Louis the Pious, continued his father's wise and character of Nathan der Wiese. False Messiahs appeared and mis- kindly treatment of them. led many to their sorrow. Mysticism The Jews Flourished in Spain. played its part and hooks promoting A little earlier than Charlemagne it were written, causing protest and the Moslem invasion of Spain in 711 controversy. Commentaries were established the Crescent in the pen- published by some Jewish leaders of insula. Arabian and African Jews, thought which were pronounced here- who after the persecution of them tical by others. Spinoza, the great by Mahom•t and Omar, had ingra- t philosopher. was excommunicated by bated tiated themselv es with their succes- the Dutch rabbis. sors and had been given opportunity But in spite of these differences, for education and development, ac- constantly during the seventeen cen- companied the Sarracens into Spain turies of gloom and woe, somewhere and there met their brethren, who in the world was a religious center had been greatly abused by the Visi- of Jewish authority to which Israel goths and who were only too glad turned for hope and inspiration. to unite in aiding the following of The strictly orthodox Jews have the Prophet to establish a kingdom. always adhered closely to the rabbin- There they developed trade, poetry, ical law of the Talmud, but under the philosophy, science, and literature influence of Mendelssohn and the and art. They became ministers of leadership of other liberals among his the government and its represent a- successors a division occurred, and tives abroad. The kindly Saracenic there arose a liberal and reformed soil for their growth gave a full de- school among them, which grew in velopment to the race, and the Span- number as the conditions for their ish, or Sephardic, Jews were fine assimilation with the local environ- specimens of physical and intellect- ment became more favorable and ual manhood. They became in a they were relieved from the forced way the aristocracy of the house of exclusiveness and misery of the Israel. Ghetto. This favorable condition continued Two Jewish Tongues. until the reconquest of Spain by the The speech of the Jew's has had Christians began, and lasted in les- an interesting history. Hebrew, Ara- sening degree to the expulsion of maic, Greek, Arabic, and all Euro- the Moors from Granada, in the fif- pean languages were from time to teenth century. Meantime every great upheaval time spoken by them. Finally, in their wanderings, there grew tip two seemed to increase Jewish persecu- hybrid mediums—one the Yiddish, or tion and Jewish misery. The First Crusade, in 1016, which Jargon, and the other the Ladino. The former, which has an extensive developed such wonderful religious spirit in the middle and upper classes, literature, is based on the medieval German, but is written in the Hebrew led the scum and the rabble to a per- characters and is mixed with Hebrew secution of the Jews. This recurred and influence by the vernacular. It in the Second Crusade, in 1446. is used by the Ashkenazim, or Ger- Massacres of the Jews Under the man Jews of northern and eastern Plantagenets. Europe. A cruel massacre of the Jews oc- The latter, the Ladino, or Spamol, curred in 1189 in England. at the Detroit, Mich. is Spanish in its basis and mixed with I time of the coronation of Richard I, Phone Cadillac 4980 Hebrew and Turkish. It is used by- y although the king favored them and the Sephardim, or the Spanish Jews, they had acquired a hold in England and has been carried by them to to such an extent that there had Africa, Turkey, Bulgaria, Serbia, and been established a Jewish exchequer. : 1.Y.4( - Greece. where Jews had to register all their 110:::4111K Alt. :: •• • . :.<•:. I ii:€.>:,.>•"<4.. ..*:€K.: :0 :0 411K.07111SAIDC)611().:119( ‘ 4 4. , 0 Recurring now to the history of transactions and through which the 19 Phone: West 1378 * the race after the second dispersion: financial troubles of the Plantagenets ( i In Rome, after the Christian era, were greatly remedied by Jewish J. Caplan, President Jews and Christians flocked in great gold. They were, however, expelled .,,, • * tie numbers. In the chaos of skepticism. in 1290 from England by Edward I, it religious, and philosophies, there was is said at the instance of the Queen a cult among sonic of the Romans Mother Eleanor, whose religious in- that led them to embrace Judaism; tolerance could not brook their pres- but generally the Jews were exclu- once. sively unexpansive, and contemptu. The Fourth Lateran Council, under oats of other religions. They were Innocent III, among many anti-Jew- especially , hostile to the Christians, ish measures, required Jews to wear whom they regarded as traitors to a dress or badge indicating their race. their race for failing them in the Soon after in all the cities of Europe wars of Vespasian and Titus, and they were compelled to live in a par- whom they did not hesitate to accuse Ocular quarter surrounded by walls of many shortcomings in order to and were locked in at night. Hem- stir up Roman hostility against them. med in and congested in these A The Long, Dark Night of Jewish ghettos, the Jewry of Europe lived (Incorporated) out their painful lives until the middle History. century. The Christians differed from the of the eighteenth century. Formerly expelled the St. Louis of I: Jews in that they were most active (Continued On Page Five.) Monroe Sheet Metal and Roofing Co. missionaries, and they thus brought Grant Iron and Metal Company 1822 Dime Bank Building Extends to its friends the greet- ings of the season and wishes them a happy and prosperous $250,000 The CHAS. B. BOHN FOUNDRY CO. DETROIT, MICH. 7% Cumulative Preferred Stock Participating with Common Stock up to In.. per annum. Tax Exempt and Non. sssss able. Par Value $100, Price $103 to Yield 8.71%. As the Common atm& now pays 10'; and earnings are not only sufficient to Wt, the preferred rate of 10',. is assured. naintain, but it. TC:1,t a Capitalization $1,000,000 The 5198.000 $500.050 Common Stock (par value 8100). Preferred Stock (par value &M) 500,000 500,000 Company has no bonded indebtedness ponary en. make alontinton, brass and bro. raating her Chas. II. Bolin FI for the utomobile, motor, trartor and allied intiostrie, The •oinpany's principal outlets for products td montlfacture are Hudson Continental Cadillac Ford Ford Tractor Studebaker Packard Buick Lincoln . It buildings and provide new equipmen t ustsl to enlarge I This issue will capacity of 1,000,000 pounds of rattling, per month I, to increase the preset ° 2,000,000 pound. per month. Current Assets are $1,633,54.1.13, or $3.:4 per share of the preferred stock. Total asset., $494 per share total preferred stock issue. $1,(/011011) approsimate 5600.000, or SIX Presentearnings on capitalization of tones dividend requirement with common and preferred stock on lir; basis. , and as to Hour This preferred stock is safrguaideil as to mortgaging of aa•er of additional preferred stock. Woods, Swan & Edwards Co. Members Detroit Stock Exchange 310 Congress Bldg. Main 6020 Detroit, Mich. ;:j 002200.20 12101 New Year 5680 - 1919 D. Karle Company SODA FOUNTAINS Carbonators, Tables and Chairs, Stools Crushed Fruits and Syrups, Supplies Steam Tables, Coffee Urns THE MINNESOTA MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 221-227 Monroe Ave. takes pleasure in announcing the appointment of BENJAMIN JACOBSON Detroit Branch Office, with headas General Agent for the quarters at— Suite 520 Dime Bank Building ■ Monroe Sheet Metal , and Welding Co. MANUFACTURERS OF t WILLIAM B. FROTHINGHAM Sheet Metal Work of All Descriptions f "Get Acquainted With Us" Hartwick Lumber Company Wholesale and Retail Market Gt-tit I I ickory :1:1;0 OPTOMETRIST—OPTICIAN ra Experts in Heating and Ventilating Ducts Boiler Breethings and Stacks 403 Fisher Arcade ti Office Hours: 9 A. M. to 12 M.-2 P. M. to 4 P. M. We Manufacture Welded Products of Steel, Brass and Copper Such as Compressed Air Lines Exhaust Hoods and Pipes Blow Pipes Dust Separators Boiler Breechings GREETINGS OF THE SEASON Acetylene Cutting and Brazing KRAWITZ & WACHEER cw S.— e-s—t— X SE• . ; o7., Jefferson Ave. Yard 197 Clay Ace. Jefferson & Des Ter. E. 9—'9—*-0—.)-4-4.--0-4-0-4' MAIN OFFICE. CLAY AVENUE & G. T. R. R. Cherry 2898 503 Liggett Building 553 MYRTLE STREET Clay Ave. Yard TELEPHONE MAIN 1402 Other Hours by Appointment Stacks, Steel 'ranks Steel Cabinets We Specialize in Welding Without Removal Heavy Castings, Boilers Shafting, Engines Presses and All Other Difficult Welding High Grade Jewelry —0?-0.— 4.— 4,- 4-4,-- MARKET 685. 4, Lumber, Lath, Shingles Interior Finish and Special Mill Work