America Yewisk Periorileal eatia.

CLIPTON AVENUE • CINCINNATI 10, 01110

THE JEWISH CHRONICLE

MICHIGAN'S JEWISH HOME PUBLICATION

VOL. 111. NO. 15.

Dr. Friedlander
Denies Rumors
Of Resignation

DETROIT, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, MARCH 15, 1918.

Y. M. H. A. SPONSORS
AT TEMPLE BETH EL SEDER FOR STRANGERS

"Uncle Sam's Boss Buyer" SOLDIERS AND STUDENTS

Annual "Students Day" Has Been Provides Opportunity to Young Meg
and Women Without Homes to
Changed to Include Soldiers—

Special Service March 24.

Says He Will Go to Palestine
As Member of Jewish Com-
mission Under Auspices of
American Red Cross.

To the annual Students' 1)ay pro-
gram, at Temple Beth El, there will
this year he joined proper provision
for the brave boys who have donned
the khaki. The name of the day
which has been set aside for the en-
tertainment of the young men will
be known as Soldiers and Students'
Day, and will be celebrated at the
Temple on Sunday, March 24th.
Since the last Student Day was
The Joint Distribution Committee
held many hundreds of the young
of the American Funds for Jewish
men, who otherwise would be stu-
War Sufferers, which at the request
dent guests or hosts, have joined the
of the American Red Cross suggested
colors, and today are serving their
the name of Dr. Israel Friedlander of
country in Prance, on battleships,
the Faculty of the Jewish Theological
and - in training camps throughout
Seminary of America to be the Jew-
the
country. Not a few are sta-
ish representative on the Commission
tioned in close proximity to Detroit
which the Red Cross is sending to
—at Camp Custer, Selfridge Field,
Palestine, met yesterday afternoon
and fort Huron.
and received the following communi.
All Students Will be Present.
BERNARD W. BARUCH.
Cation front Dr. Friedlander:
These soldiers, as well as all of
Through his recent appointment as the Jewish students at Ann Arbor.
Mr. Felix M. ‘Warburg,
chairman of the \Var Industries Board, and in attendance at the Agricul-
Chairman Joint Distributing
arh becomes one of the most tural College at Lansing, have been
Mr. Bm
Committee
powerful figures in carrying on the war invited to come to Detroit as the
Dear Mr. Warburg:
for
the
Coned States. He previously gusts of the Temple Beth El, and
Yon have undoubtedly read certain
statements in the pu bl ic pr ,„, toes _ had charge 1 of the purchase of the raw of its members on Soldier and Stu-
Mining the propriety of sending me material for the United State, and den , ray.
z
and it is expcctl'd' that
as a member of the Red Cross expo- Allied countries. The War Industries sev e ral hundred will avail thems e lves
sition to Palestine on the ground that Huard ha, been reorganized and has
the opportunity.
service in Temple
m y sympathies were not pro-British. been given vastly increased p o wers to
A, the morning

IS ELECTED MEMBER-
AT-LARGE OF J. D. C.

Celebrate Passover.

The Young Nlen's Hebrew Associa-

tion will again be host at a Seder tlie

first evening of the Passover. This

Seder is exclusively for Jewish young

men and women who have no home of-1

libations in Detroit and who have no

opportunity of attending the l'assover

first evening feast.

but year the Y. NI. A. Inid covers
fin- nearly seventy persons and this year
preparations are being made for about
one hundred. The Seder follows the
ritual in every detail and the repast this
year will even surpass that of 1917.
The Seder has become a function of
vital importance to the Y. NI. 11. A. Its
first attempt,along this line HIV: SO gen.
entity commended that the tirst thought
in connection with this season's event
was to make it a still more useful one
to the community.

Per Year, $1.50; Copy, 5 Cents.

WILL EAT MATZOS
"OVER THERE"

Pre, reports from France state
that an order has been issued in the
.knierican 1:xpeditionary Forces pro-
viding that matzos shall be served
to the Jewish soldiers from March
27 to April, coveting the Passover
holydays. The matzo, will be served
instead of the regular daily ration of
sixteen ounces of bread. This is the
first time in the history of the Am-
erican Army that rations have been
twiddled to permit individual denom-
inations to observe their feast days.

I nsgnficant
i i
efforts directed to their col
tivatiou, rival the vineyards of this
world. The possibility 14 a tremen
proven over
duos export trade has been
been prOVe
:mil over again in the last decide by the
exportation of large shipments of or-
anges from the plantations of several
Jewish colonies, under the name of the
Jaffa orange,
.Nceording to all indications, therefore,
Palestine is primarily a land of :igricul-
off the west WII0 view' that
MM.
country through the eyes of descriptive
matter, and have studied deep into the
potentialities of Palestine from the farm-
er's viewpoint. have come to look upon
it as a large iiiituresque garden, fanned
by comparaioely equable temperature.
wonderfully adapted by numberless na-
tural advantages to the very best kind
of intensive farming. The inhabitant
must speak Arabian. Hebrew is next in

A charge of one dollar per plate is
made to those attending. Thk, how-
ever. does not COyer co-t. I.a.t year
the deficit was made up by is single in-
dividual who realized the genuine good
of a Seder to so many young men and
wometi without home environment. A
higher charge per plafe j. not made, be-
cause upon many, a chargeni: more than
a dollar would prove a hardslol' '‘' RP l
I must indignantly repudiate this control the output of American Indus- Beth El, 1)r. Franklin will preach a an actual liar to their attendance. Nli.
ce, then
Yiddish
and
French.
allegation. As a self-respecting man tries during the tear.
special sermon fur the e young men, Nathan, ',resident of the Y. M. H. A., miportan
of fact,
we i an
readily
ap-
As a lif„t:rr
Nlr. Baruch is a big man mentally and and in the evening a reception and states that the iwganization itself will prec,,,,,,
.
I should never hate dreamt of ac-
s linguistic require-
what' 'site
,
six
feet
three
en
lie
Stand
Public
Physically.
cepting the task of acting
:t
tertainent
m
will be provided by finance the Seder thi- year out of its toots should be v: 'en tut remember
in a
capacity in a land subject to British inches in height. He has a fondness for the Young Peoples' Society. I'resi- meager treasury unless a volunteer offer what a cosmopolitan tiopulation exists
athletic -port, std excels in several , of
ride were this, even in the remotest
Y
,, ,leaf
d
Frank of the Young
Peoples' "f ass istance is made.
there.
degree, to conflict with my innermost them , Ili' re'""'k"I'le career iii \‘'au Society, has announced the person-
Place tickets will lie sold Sunday
From a historical, cultural ,and an
_reet teas i essentially a selling career ni,i of a committee to arrange for morning, at II o'c l oc k at Shaarey Zr'- idealistic standpoint, the cities Ito l,f1 and
sentiments. As a matter of fact, I Street
w as one o f th os e w h o welcomed with marked all through its course by his the affair, the chairman being Muss. lick synagogue. As mum as the limited colt all that can be desired. 'I here
intense and unqualified joy the progi accurate analysis of market. and his 1 Dorothy NVeinstein,
number is disposed of, the sale will close. is something strangely convening, etei' -
.
mar k e t, would
ress of British arms in Palestine. In judgment of 'what those
'hi lly
g ii enduring, and persistently appeal-
an article which appeared in the New do ill certain given circuit-lances. In
M
: the mental atmosphere of J eru-
York Evening fast on December 12, this way he attained is technical know I-
.,l nt. To the casual observer, the nar-
1912, and was written several wee k s edge that is most remarkable. He is'
tour and none too clean streets of the
earlier, I gave full utterance to three ably fitted for his great list.
Holy City mean little more than what
sentiments, dwelling in particular it
strikes the physical eye. The popular,
BY nR. hi. BENNIOSCH E.
the extraordinary significance of JEWISH SOLDIERS MAY
meaningless descriptions of Jerusalem
the British occupation for the Jewish
012 are already somewhat ac- struggle for emancipation of the whole are all t,,,, summon. To the student, the
GO HOME FOR SEDER
people. I therefore did not hesitate
quainted with Palestine Iron' human race from its dawn to the mes- philosopher, the idealist, the lover 1 of his-
___ •-•
to accept the honorable and difficult
a geographical and, partly cut era. These generalizations can be torical research with its profound sig-
Custer Boys Given Special Leave r ----D71
mission entrusted to me, which was Camp
front a geological outlool:,' carried through illimitable stages ,and nif cance, Jerusalem is a storehouse of
for Passover Holidays—Menorah
so thoroughly in harmony with my
lour mental picture may be exaggerated phases, but it will be preferable, having p
gems.
riiceless
in 85th
thoughts and feelings. Society is Formed
im insignificant in comparison
with the in mind the purpose
of this Culture,
paper, to
Division.
A
Seat
of
However, the cause which is ill-
actual layout of the land. A mere de- confine ourselves to present conditions
It would be superfluous to enumerate
--__.
volved is so item- to me, that I should
scription of climatic conditions, must and possibilities that Palestine offers us, the historical l andks that reveal
not like to see it in any way jeopar-
C.NNIP CUSTER.—Thianigh an ordet necessarily appeal to our imagination as students of the Zionistic question.
nook and 0 , 1- 1111 ill
themselves in every mar
, , \\ma , better
ilized because of any aspersions cast of General c lui „, . v.a,. Kennedy, corns for its understanding, and our idea•.
f at
Thefirst impression we gel ill •IlIlly- labs c i ty of

Some Fragmentary Viewpoints in Favor of the
Rehabilitation of Palestine.

ill

Russian Refugees,
Stranded, Aided
By Local Jews

$2,000 Is Contributed to He-
brew Sheltering and Immi-
grant Aid Society for Relief
in Japan and Seattle.

FOUR CONGREGATIONS
HOLD MASS MEETING

The Jews of Detroit tire responding
nobly to every appeal for material aid
fur those unfortunate co-religionists
who have suffered because of the war.
The latest contribution fur this cause
was made at a mass meeting of four
local congregations at the Beth Jacob
synagogue last Sunday night. Over $2,-
OIX) was offered to Hebrew Shelter-
ing and Immigrant Aid Society for the
relief of Jewish refugees who have
started on the terrible and long journey
from Russia by way of Siberia and
Japan to this country to join their rela-
tives here. Many of these unfortunates
arc 110W stranded in Japan, their plight
having received the attention of our own
State Department.

Rev. R. Kornblith, district secretary
the id A
malt
Society,
the principal
address at the mass meeting. Ile read
a telegram from Yokulmina which had
been received by Secretary of State
Robert -.Lansing, which said: "Condi-
tions appalling. Sickness, want, heavy
demands. Organizing relief." He said
that the funds new being collected are
being used for the immediate transport
of the refugees to this country. The
first transport, carrying 500 of these
people landed in Seattle last week. The
t society is receiving daily lists of names
LA' stranded immigrants who are seek-
3 their relatives and friends in this
emitli sg, These lists are published as
soon as : ry are received and the office
of the si,j r , IS besieged by people who
com e i t, re ,poo ns go the call of their
Tit:11:e
3 1;
o tr1i
re
n ,l (i
aa)ttni errif
s.
rnsgs

1.f

■

i

se

meeting

were Rabbi Judah L. Levin,. Ifeytnan
Goldman, D. Robinson, and Louis ,,I)US 'e
cod. The committer assisting the d:1-
trict secretary in the campaign for funds
is composed of Mrs. Julius Ginsburg,
Rabbi A. NI. Hershman, Louis Duscoff,
I). Robinson, Ileyman Goldman, A. Got-
tesman, Rev. J. Rutinati, A. Moskowitz,
our
Nlax Rosinsky, 111. Herman and Meyer
"" me, however unfounded and cation- mandinz officer of Camp Custer. all naturally, must refer to comparative ex- in Palestine. with regard to its habit- laboratory of historical research could
I ant Jewish boys who desire to go to their imrience, so that a true realization iii ability, is a distinct sense of cosmic se- we rind so magnificently' adapted to har- Davis.
are.
pious these aspersion
step
dB
therefore perfectl y w-s ---" t°
Seismic
are un-
'Elie contributions made at the mass
homes for the celebration of the Pass- tiature . state in any part of the globe,
. tiu, b or our Jewish cente
wiii.ii curity.
know., there.
lite disturbances
„ties as,. ,tupent
centre of learning, and
aside
and make room for any one
1
our centers of Jewish learning? Where meeting represent the congregations
55 in, will serve the cause more cif,. ,o , er Holyda) s w ill be permitted t o do cannot be truth fully estimated by
presmit
as follows: Mogen Abraham,
sufficient
exten-
of
mouth.
This
is
an
axiom,
and
is
true
structures,
thousands
of
years
old—con-
so and will be g r anted
can I , niel's • ideals lie better preserved
- ' ' ,
t re'
softy than I can.
crcte evidence , o f n !Li ature's
and developed, and from what more Sa- 5600; Beth Jacob, $500; Beth David,
s t un of leave to allow for the titne it of all word descr iptions.
I 5 5t4hiht s'
,
,
I only wish to add that I appre- laKeS
10f troweling purposes. It is yen-
Sanitary Conditions.
creel scat can those ideals be dissemi- $100, and Beth Abraham, $100. Several
Speak to the Arabian. born and reared
ciate most gratefully the unfailin ct tail) that practically every Jewish boy in
hundred dollars were raised from indi-
in an average temperature of 65 to 71) It is interesting to note that the mor- nated throughout the world?
kindness and courtesy which through- camp will take advantage of this allow-
At this juncture we are led to think viduals unattached to any of these COII-
tality rate, particularly among the Jews
IlleIll-
out has been shown to me by
greRations. Among the larger individual
ance. \1r. Edgar J. Drachman, repre-
in Palestine, is much below that of any how. in general, truth is evolved from
,,','','',',', ,,..,„ ee Hoard
,
, ,,
bers of the Red Cross both in Wash-
sidiscriptMns were I). Robinson, $50;
the
other country, with the exception of universal experiences and not from nar-
,'''
' , ':---- ---
" '
ington and in this city and that I at 1 ' tha
row, isolated or segregated centers. The Frank & Davidson, $50; Sarasohn &
at GIMP Custer has sent out circulars
England, and here the mortality rate is
deeply sensitive of the confidenc e ' for the purpose of learning whether
whole world must always constitute the Shetzer, $50; S. Grant, $50; B. If,
a fraction less than 2 per 1.000. These
placed in me by your organization, there
Manure, $50; N. Lenzer, $30; Max Lie-
. niercan Jews of , ere will be iiiy. Jewish boys who will
re- great school, the fountain source of all
figures
are
quite
surprising
ashen
we
1
berman, $25;
which cunt ing .x
Cohen, $25; Louis Dann,
remain in camp over the holyda ■ s for
sanitation in Palestine human knowledge. but it is entirely prac-
member
that
(Ile
all shades of opinion and belief, has I some reason. These will he taken care
tical that Jewish philosophy, with its all- $25; Gallow & Greenbaum, $25; R. Mil-
has
heretofore
been
as
bad
as
the
ex-
considered me worthy to act in a
embracing code of morality, for which ler, $.25; J. Friedberg, $25; Louis Dtis-
of in Battle Creek Jewish homes or a
isting conditions could make them. Nfod-
representative capacity on the Red public Seder service will be held tinder
o
civilization is in debt, should be brought con, $25; M. Rosinsky, $25; G ldman
ern preventative medicine would trans-
Cross exposition.
tits auspices of the NVelfare Board.
from all the four corners of the earth Bros., $25; S. Reichstein, $25; I. Kap-
form the country within a comparative-
Yours sincerely,
lan,
$25;
I.
&
N.
Ogooshevitz,
$25.
Menorah Society Organized.
by its thinking scouts, heaped into the
ly short time and render it the health-
Among the recent arrivals at Seattle
(Signed)
A Menorah Society of the 85th Divi-
crucible of Zion's intellectual cauldron,
resort and garden-spot of the earth.
ISRAEL FRIEDLANDER.
sion was organized some time ago, and
as scintillating gems of are four immigrants whose destination
There are a number of grave diseases and turned Out
is Detroit. They are, Esther Weiss,
Thereupon this resolution was at the present time there are two
which infest our western civilization, mind matter for the edification of all
wife of Isaac Weiss, 86 Sherman St.;
branches, each of which meets one
branches,
mankind.
adopted:
such as typhoid fever, scarlet fever,
It has been stated time out of number, Minnie Linder and two children, wife
"The Joint Distribution Committee evening a week. .kt these meetings,
diphtheria, rickets and that great scourge
that the Jew would be a hopeless failure of S. Linder, care of M. Schechter, 475
records its approizal of the action of after a short reading from the Bible
of the white man—tuberculosis, which
as an autonomous nation; that econom- Hastings St.; Brodie Avruk and two
its Sub-Committee in the selection of and another reading from contemporary
are quite rare in Palestine, and when
ically and politically they are a self- children, wife of Max Rae, 56 Napoleon
Prof. Israel Friedlander as a member literature. a talk is then given upon some
they do manifest themselves are of so
disintegrating body, requiring the cement St., and Droschi I.ober and two children,
of the Commission which the Ameri- topic 1.4 Jewish interest, followed by
mild a type as to be often overlooked
of extraneous influences to preserve its wife of Abraham Lober, 187 Illinois St.
can Red Cross is sending to Palestine general discussion. On Nlonday night,
or ignored. Malaria, the one prevalent
integrity. The day has come when these
and regrets that unfounded rumors March 11, the Menorah Society was
disease in Palestine, is far less common
false opinions will receive their certain MORE TO JOIN JEWISH BATTALION
have led to his voluntary withdrawal addressed by Rabbi C. J. Freund of
and less severe in Palestine than it is in
death blow. Heretofore, arguments were
from the Commission. It expresses ; Grand Rapids, Mich., on the topic of
many sections of our own southern states.
experiments
minor
and
The Jewish battalion which left New
its confidence in his loyalty and pa- ''Self Determination of Petmles, a Page
and sanitation will readily remedy even advanced
launched to prove the utter falsity of 'York on February 28th on its way to
triotism as an American citizen and f rom J ew ish History:'
this apparent disadvantage.
these
statements,
but
today,
the
Jew
as
England to join the other Jewish regi-
assures hint of the unqualified respect ,
DR. M. BENNIOSCHE.
One especially valuable feature, par-
a nation, is going to denounce its inter- ments for service in Palestine, was only
of every member of tae Committee, 1 CLEVELAND JEWS RAISE
-- .
w est hustling titularly from a health point, is the es- nal strife-producers, its traitors, its the first contingent and will soon be
gotten
degrees,
of
our
in token whereof he is hereby elected ,
pr
$15,000 AT RESTORA-
istence of a number of hot sings,
molly'-cuddles, and to expose the ignor- followed by thousands of other Jewish
Willi ice myriads of people; tell him of
a member-at-large of the Joint Dis-
TION MASS MEETING
its rigorous winters with its below 7,11 found principally in • the region of the ant and malicious barnacles of its over- young men who are anxious to go and
tribution Committee."
s,
and in it
artificial
finer
temperatures. of the intense
burdened body, toy the final crowning Little for their people and their land.
Those who were present at the
who ' Cleveland, 0.—The Jews of Cleve- heat that must be employed to keep the of the Dead Sea, which rival any of the it . experiment of all time—the reliabilita- On March 14th another contingent will
meeting were: Louis Marshall,
(
0
CS-
land
launched
their
campaign
for
the
lives
of
these
people
from
becoming
Palestine,
Pale
presided: Cyrus Adler, Sholom
i' as a self "g""Tnin g leave New York.
are rich in sodium chloride, alkaline ti"
reli-
people, economically,
Paul Haerwald, Meyer Berlin, Stan- Palestine Restoration Fund on Febru- tinct. and your Arabian will have a pie•
tore
either
grossly
exaggerated
or
great.
earth,
and
sulphur.
giously,
and
idealistically
free.
Bere,
Beris
I).
Bogen,
David
M.
ary
27,
with
an
unusual
mass
meeting
ley
The
climate
in
and
around
the
moon-
It k impossible to cover even the To hearts of men throughout the reach
Bressler, Abram I. Elkus. Morris En- preceded I ■ y a banquet at lintel Holten- ly at variance with the facts, and he
tattoos regions is particularly mild and
of time,
stretch of ground embracing
gelman, I.ee K. Frankel, Meyer Gillis.. den. The mass meeting was held in will not conceive of the possibility 14
ills
the scenery extraordinarily the subject. One can merely touch its Heedless of earthly gain, yet draws the
Alexander Kahn, Leon Kamaiky, E. Gray's Armory, and was attended by an life under those conditions, or his dread salubrious;
.
soul
u •
' outermost fringe. I think I can best
ewin-1,:pstein, Harriet B. Lov‘'en- overflow crowd numbering more than of such a country will be greater than picturesque and ieall I 1911
\V
point out that
The statistics of
conclude by reading a beautiful verse. Through want and hardship, to what
posed of the best the truth should warrant. Nlan is ad-
stein. Albert Lucas, Phan NV . Mack.' three thousand, composed
mighty goal?
osta bl e to the laws o f „ atom. w e h ave a family consisting of " 1" . wile and 1,, I.uis Eederleicht:
i
Judah L. Magnet, M. Z. Margolies, 1 elements of the Cleveland Jewish com- , t
011
Morris Rothenberg. Aaron Teitel• I moony. I proved that the tropics can he made two children can support themselves
ZION.
This
war
and hygienically habitable.. an average of $16 a month. It has been i
the ancient home of Israel;
Iu„itardy
The speakers at the mass meeting l
balm,
Marion H. Travis, Felix M. 1
i
Peter, were Judge Hugo Pam, lttamar lien The
same is true of the arctic region , - l iointed out that such fittnille s . "1"'`e on b wel dwellings fall the fervid rays, Here lived our fathers fearless and free;
W'arburg, Jacob Wertheim,
Here
lives
a glory and a memory;
Hardships and endurance are incidental male head is a laborer, can add to their I The naked rocks lift high their heads
Wiernik. Stephen S. Wise and Baruch Avi, John J. Sullivan, "Tay Pay" 0 Con- H
And we His chosen ones, once more
In air.
nor, the well-known Irish patriot, and to such adjustments to nature. You income through poultry raising, cow
Zuckerman.
t
shall dwell,
Rabbi A. H. Silver of Cleveland. Judge have learned that Asia was the birth- keeping and vegetable growing, such as Dust-covered stones fling back the noon-;
.
ce of the human race and. the cradle tomatoes, cauliflower, onions. etc. An'
Majestic, jubilant, invincible,
day's glare
A delegation conferred witk Food Manuel Levine presided. There were pla
. tool strange old ruins tell of ancient : la this, our heritage; our
o
eyes shall see
I also present Capt. Latham of the British of civilization—be that as it may. we' exceptionally good cow will cost there!
Administrator Hoover last .al lc at
o
1 The long-ago that is again to be;
days
Mission in Cleveland. and Dr. know-, beyond all contradiction, that a ab ut $50 and could be made to yield,
Washington, D. C., relative ,Sociesiing ' Military
great people in countless numbers for a prom of about $3 a month through i A motley throng creeps through the nar• The peace that has no ending shall dis-
permits to Matzoh bakers.:erneathe 1 Nicholas Card. the Italian consul.
•
pet
row ways.
In response to the appeal made by ages and ages were inhabitants of that' the sale of milk, butter and cheese At !
,
rote! be '
coming Passover.
Rabbi Silver for the Palestine Restora- eastern country in spite of its terrific present the principal cereal-growing col-' Pilgrims from fat off lands whose faces The dreaming and the doubt, the hopes
1 to I,
bear
Galilee am Jo, ea -
and fears,
Sinn Fund there were received in cash heat, its incessant rains, its deser ts, . its
Ekron,
inaccessible mountains and its phenom- ,' Chederali.
iinte5 are those
in Artuf. Katra, and The look that tells of by-gone toil and With love and longing we await that day
and pledges $15,000.
Whose dawn beholds the yearning of the
care,
coal lowlands. This brings us to his- Kasti " ie.
Agricultural Possibilities.
years
Of weary journeys and of long delays.
A service flag with 135 stars. each ,tort, which is the key that unlocks the
date an d cit - what magic is there in this torrid clime? Fulfilled at last, and, while we waiting,
i
d o f P as-
k
countries, an
Th e orange. fi g, ol ve.
Special Communteatio •
tina member now in the treasures of f a ll
tin
pray,
What fascination in these hoary walls?'
March 20. 1 p. in., ht. rliSh
ited States service, has been un- , tine, its history is a golden key, and its rotas plantations have exceptional pow-
of Palestine in What charm dwells here that sovereign. i A newer life in Mount Moriah wakes,
(Piet. 6:30 p. m. at 11 1
reed by the Young Men's Hebrew treasures can only be reckoned by the bilitjea The vineyards
ly
calls
'
All
over
Olivet the morning breaks.
Visiting brothers welem
I gigantic progress—the ever upward! spite of the comparatively erratic and
kociation of Pittsburgh, Pa.

Perfection Lodge,
F. & A. MI r
W an
ca
1 r

CHARLES

SAtO